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中文摘要
隨著工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展，伴隨著眾多制造業(yè)如汽車(chē)業(yè)等大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的需要，在加工設(shè)備提高功效、自動(dòng)化更強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，要求計(jì)量檢測(cè)手段應(yīng)當(dāng)高速、柔性化、通用化，而固定的、專用的或手動(dòng)的工量具大大限制了大批量制造和復(fù)雜零件加工業(yè)的發(fā)展；平板加高度尺加卡尺的檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｊ揭淹耆贿m用現(xiàn)代化柔性制造和更多復(fù)雜形狀工件的測(cè)量需要，所有這些促進(jìn)和推動(dòng)了近代坐標(biāo)測(cè)量技術(shù)的發(fā)展。三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)作為一種測(cè)量?jī)x器，越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用于制造，電子，汽車(chē)和航天等工業(yè)中，而且成為不可缺少的組成部分，對(duì)各種空間自由曲面等復(fù)雜形面的檢測(cè)尤為適用。三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量技術(shù)自從20實(shí)際60年代發(fā)展以來(lái)，已經(jīng)逐漸成熟，現(xiàn)主要向高效率，高精度非接觸式方向發(fā)展。本文主要以三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)為研究對(duì)象，概述了測(cè)量機(jī)的基本原理及基本組成，描述坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展方向，重點(diǎn)討論了激光測(cè)距式非接觸三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)縱軸傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的選用及實(shí)現(xiàn)。
關(guān)鍵詞：測(cè)量，三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)，傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)
Abatract
Wish the denelopment of industrial modernization process, along with many manufacturing industries such as automotive industry’s needs for large-scale production, on the basis of increasing efficiency in the processing equipment, and stronger automation, their measurement requirements should be high speed, flexible and universal but fixed appropriative and hand used tools greatly limited the high-volume and complex parts manufacturing industries’ development; the test model of plate, height ruler and calipers does not fully apply modern flexible manufacturing and more complex forms part of the measurement needs, all of which promote and facilitate the modern coordinate measurement technology. CMM as measuring instrument, is more and more more widely used in manufacturing, electronics, automotive, aerospace and other industries, and is becoming an indispensable part. And it is particularly applicable in the complex-free surface space text. The CMM technology developed since the 1960s, have gradually matured, it is mainly to the high efficiency, high-precision non-contact direction. This article mainly talked about the coordinate measuring machine, summarized the basic principles of measuring machines and basic components, described the CMM structure, characteristics and development, focused on how to chose and realize the transmission mechanism of the non-contact Laser-Ranging-CMM.
Key words: Measurement, CMM, The transmission mechanism
目 錄
中文摘要
Abatract
第一章 緒論·················································1
1.1 三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)述················································1
1.2 坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的基本組成··············································1
1.3 三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)················································1
1.4 激光測(cè)量機(jī)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及測(cè)量過(guò)程······································3
1.5 國(guó)內(nèi)外概況························································3
1.5.1 國(guó)外概況······················································3
1.5.2 國(guó)內(nèi)概況······················································4
1.6 設(shè)計(jì)概述··························································5
第二章 設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明··············································6
2.1 立柱設(shè)計(jì)·························································6
2.1.1 立柱的作用及特點(diǎn)··············································6
2.1.2 材料選用······················································7
2.2 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)······················································8
2.2.1 機(jī)構(gòu)選用······················································8
2.2.2 滾珠絲杠副的安裝·············································10
2.2.3 滾珠絲杠副的防護(hù)和潤(rùn)滑·······································11
2.3 軸承選用·························································12
2.4 導(dǎo)軌副的選用·····················································13
2.4.1 直線導(dǎo)軌副結(jié)構(gòu)形式···········································13
2.4.2 材料、熱處理及防護(hù)············································14
2.5 裝配·····························································15
2.6 主要參數(shù)的設(shè)定···················································15
第三章 設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·············································17
3.1 Y軸滾珠絲杠副的選擇計(jì)算·········································17
第四章 三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的未來(lái)展望·······························24
總結(jié)
致謝
參考文獻(xiàn)
附錄
1
第一章 緒 論
1.1 三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)述
三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)CMM（3D Coodinate Measuring Machine）簡(jiǎn)稱測(cè)量機(jī)。它是以精密機(jī)械為基礎(chǔ)，綜合應(yīng)用光學(xué)、電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)的測(cè)量?jī)x器。
任何形狀都是由空間點(diǎn)組成，所有的幾何量測(cè)量都可以歸結(jié)為空間點(diǎn)的測(cè)量，因此精確進(jìn)行空間點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的采集，是評(píng)定任何幾何形狀的基礎(chǔ)。坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的基本原理就是將被測(cè)零件放入它允許的測(cè)量空間，精確的測(cè)出被測(cè)零件表面的點(diǎn)在空間三個(gè)坐標(biāo)位置的數(shù)值，將這些點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)數(shù)值經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)處理，擬和形成測(cè)量元素，如圓、球、圓柱、圓錐、曲面等，經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算的方法得出其形狀、位置公差及其他幾何量數(shù)據(jù)。
近幾十年來(lái)，由于現(xiàn)代工藝技術(shù)的進(jìn)步（計(jì)算機(jī)、集成電路、新材料、氣浮技術(shù)、傳感技術(shù)等），促進(jìn)了三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)（CMM）的發(fā)展。它不僅能測(cè)量箱體、汽缸蓋、渦輪、葉片、齒輪、凸輪、模具、各種機(jī)身型體及不規(guī)則空間型面的零件，而且還可以配合數(shù)控機(jī)、加工中心和柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）納入制造工程，并和CAT、CAD、CAM組成聯(lián)機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)、制造和檢測(cè)一體化。
1.2坐標(biāo)測(cè)量機(jī)的基本組成