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1、Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage 【 Learning goals】1. Learning a new word: impress2.Learning a new sentence pattern: I like it when3.Learning grammar: Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverbVerb-ing phrases【 Language focus】 impress vt.使印象深刻， 印，蓋??；使 ，使牢 vi. 人留下印象，使人注意【教材原句】 Whe

2、n I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed. (P31)【例句研 】翻 句子（ 1） Im deeply impressed by what Ive seen and heard during this visit._（ 2） The teacher impressed on his students the importance of making notes in class._（ 3） A thousand

3、 words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed._【自主 】翻 下列短 (1)be impressed by/with_impress sth. on ones mind/memory_impress sth. on/upon sb./impress on/upon sb. sth._impress sb. with sth._(2)impression n._make/leave a deep impression on sb./ones memory_【即 鞏固】My first _ of him was that he wa

4、s a kind and thoughtful young man.A expressionB attentionCsatisfactionD impression句型【教材原句】I liked it when you told that joke.(P31)【句法分析】句中 like 是及物 ， it 是形式 ，真正的 when 引 的從句?！咀灾?】(1) 英 中在表示喜 、憎 之 的 后面常常不直接加 從句，而要用形式 it，然后再加真正的 從句， 的 有： appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer 等。 _當(dāng)夏天天氣 得太

5、 的 候我就不喜 了。 _我不喜 人在公共 合大聲喧 。第 1頁(2) 一些動(dòng)詞短語后面也常用it 作形式賓語然后加真正的賓語從句，常見的動(dòng)詞短語有：depend on, rely on, see to (確保 ) 等。 _你相信好了，他們會(huì)支持你的。Grammar and usage: Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverbVerb-ing phrasesV-ing 形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)write主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般writingbeing written完成having writtenhaving been written1.He hurried home, l

6、ooking behind as he went.（一般主動(dòng)式）2.Having finished their work, they had a rest.（完成主動(dòng)式）3.The large building being built is a library.（一般被動(dòng)式）4.Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.（完成被動(dòng)式）動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式在功能上具有形容詞或副詞的特點(diǎn)，在句子中可以充當(dāng)定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語。There are sleeping students in class.定語This

7、lesson is boring.表語We all found his argument convincing and interesting.賓語補(bǔ)足語They stood talking to each other.狀語 定語a reading room閱覽室a washing machine洗衣機(jī)an exciting evening激動(dòng)人心的夜晚an interesting crosstalk有趣的相聲臥鋪車a sleeping car吸煙室a smoking room聽力練習(xí)listening practice開幕詞an opening speech售票處a booking offi

8、ce自來水running waterThis is an extremely interesting speech.The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems.A wood-burning stove does harm to the environment.The people operating these factories are very concerned about the environment.The people who operate these factories are very concern

9、ed about the environment.V-ing 形式可用于名詞前，用來修飾該名詞，功能上相當(dāng)于形容詞。有時(shí)還可將副詞置于V-ing 形式前，可用于名詞前，修飾V-ing 形式。副詞或名詞可以和V-ing 形式一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞，做定語。V-ing 形式也可用于名詞后用來修飾該名詞，功能上相當(dāng)于形容詞。此時(shí)V-ing 形式可以改寫為定語從句。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞作定語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞a sleeping child一個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子a sleeping car一輛臥車第 2頁a flying bird一只正在 翔的 a flying course 行 程a swimming gi

10、rl一個(gè)正在游泳的女孩a swimming pool一個(gè)游泳池 名 作定 表名 的作用或功能； 在分 作定 表名 正在 行的 作。注意 在分 與 去分 ,不定式作定 的區(qū) boiling water正在沸 的水the changing world 化中的世界boiled water開水the changed world 化了的世界the developing countries 展中國家falling leaves正在落下的葉子the developed countries 達(dá)國家fallen leaves落葉the rising sun正在升起的太陽the risen sun已 升起的太陽

11、在分 作定 表示 作正在 生，與修 是主 關(guān)系。 去分 做定 與其修 之 是 關(guān)系或 去分 表示的 作已完成。不定式作定 表示將要 生的 作。the house being built正在被建的房子the house to be built將要被建的房子the house built建好了的房子 表 This damage is frightening .表示主 的特征、狀 等，一般接在 系 后面 在分 與 去分 作表 的區(qū) -ing 形式：表示 “令人 的”； -ed 形式：表示 “感到 的 ”interesting使人感 趣的exciting令人激 的interested感 趣的excit

12、ed感到激 的puzzled感到 解的encouraging令人鼓舞的puzzling令人 解的encouraged感到鼓舞的satisfying令人 意的worrying令人擔(dān)心的satisfied感到 意的worried感到擔(dān)心的 足 They think of businessmen hiding from their responsibilities for the environment.表示一個(gè)正在 行的 作或 一個(gè) 程或一種狀 。V-ing 形式作 足 ，往往同 存在 主 關(guān)系。V-ing 形式作 足 的常 ： make，let，have， keep, leave，see，wat

13、ch，hear，notice， find ， feel 等。1) He sat listening to her climbing (climb) the stairs.2) How can you keep them waiting (wait) for so long?注意： 在分 與 去分 、不定式作 足 的區(qū) 在分 作 表示 正在 行的 作或 一個(gè) 程或狀 ， 與其是主 關(guān)系。 去分 作 表示 作已完成， 與其是 關(guān)系。 不定式作 表示將要 生的 作。 狀 第 3頁They stood talking to each other. = They stood when they were

14、 talking to each other.Function as an adverb -ing 形式作狀 ，可以表示 、原因、 果、條件、 步、伴隨狀況等。 常用于 stand， sit， lie 等 之后表示伴隨的狀 。【注意 1】完成主 式 having done 分 所表示的 作 生在句中 所表示的 作之前，一般在句中作 或原因狀 用，不能做定 用。一般被 式being done表示正在 生的被 作,在句中作定 或狀 。完成被 式 having been done 表示 生在 作之前的被 作，在句中多作狀 ，不能作定 。【注意 2】非 的否定式均 not+非 在分 的否定形式not

15、+ 在分 完成的否定式not 放在 having 之前動(dòng)詞 -ing 短 V-ing phrases1. V-ing 形式后面跟 和 /或狀 ，構(gòu)成 V-ing 短 ，在句子中充當(dāng)狀 ，通常用來表示： ，原因， 果，條件， 步，伴隨作 狀 常置于句首Asking around , I find many people willing to pay a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment.= When I ask around, I find many people willing to pay

16、 a little higher prices for things that are friendly to the environment.Having observe the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.= After he observed the problem for many years, he announced that we are now facing the biggestenvironm

17、ental problem of our time.當(dāng) V-ing 短 用來表示 ，可以和when, after 等引 的 狀 從句互 。 作原因狀 可置于句首或句末Being so angry , he couldn t go to sleepBecause.= he was so angry, he couldn t go to sleep.We are making bigger holes in the nets, hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.= We are making bigger holes in

18、 the nets, because we hope to avoid catching fish that are not fullygrown.當(dāng) V-ing 短 用來表示原因 ，可以和because, as引 的原因狀 從句互 。 作 果狀 常置于句末The factory keeps giving off smoke,making the air dirty .= The factory keeps giving off smoke. As a result, the air is made dirty.當(dāng) V-ing 短 用來表示 果 ，可以和as a result 引 的 果狀 從

19、句互 。 作條件狀 可置于句首或句末第 4頁P(yáng)reparing fully , we can achieve great things. = If we prepare fully, we can achieve great things.Being given more attention , the trees could have grown better.=If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better.當(dāng) V-ing 短 用來表示條件 ，可以和if 引 的 果狀 從句互 。 作 步狀 可

20、置于句首或句末Working so hard, he failed again. =Though he worked so hard, he failed again當(dāng) V-ing 短 用來表示 步 ，可以和though, although, even if, no matter等引 的 步狀 從句互 。 作伴隨狀 可置于句首或句末They came into the classroom, singing and laughing .=They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom.All night long he lay awake,

21、thinking of the problem.= All night long he lay awake and thought of the problem.V-ing 短 用作伴隨狀 ，它表示的 作伴隨主句 作同 生，即句子 所表示的 作 主要 作，分 短 所表示的 作 伴隨性的次要 作。2. 連詞 +V- ing 短 也可以用來表示 、 條件、 步等。常用的 有 when，whenever, while ，once, though， until ，if 等，相當(dāng)于 些 引 的一個(gè)從句。We have to consider the need for environmental prot

22、ection when developing the economy.=We have to consider the need for environmental protection when we are developing the economy.Though willing to attend the party , he refused the invitation.=Though he was willing to attend the party, he refused the invitation.While staying in Beijing , he came to

23、see me twice.=While he was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.If playing all day , you will waste your valuable time.=If you play all day, you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily , it cleared up very soon.=Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.3. 通常情況下， V-i

24、ng 形式在句中作狀 ，其 主 和主句的主 保持一致。He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.Keeping 的 主 和句子的主 一致，都是he= When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.【 】 在分 或分 短 作狀 ，注意如下三點(diǎn)： 相當(dāng)于相 的從句 在分 作狀 有不同的 與 分 的 主 就是全句的主 第 5頁獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)是一種自身帶主語的非謂語動(dòng)詞分句和無動(dòng)詞

25、分句。除動(dòng)名詞外， 非謂語動(dòng)詞的其他形式均有獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。【 Feedback】I. Choose the correct sentence.1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face.()b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly.()2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it.()b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.()3. a. Looking out through the win

26、dow, the garden was beautiful.()b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.()4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking.()b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.()5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.()b. It being fi

27、ne, we will have the sports meeting next week.()II. Rewrite sentences1. Because he knew that there was a dog outside, the little boy didn t open the door.= _（原因）2. If time permits, I will meet you for lunch.=_（獨(dú)立主格，條件）3. The couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at

28、 home.=_（結(jié)果）4. As he was very naughty, the teacher often punished him.= _（獨(dú)立主格，原因）5. He had to stay where he was, because his leg was broken.= _（獨(dú)立主格，原因）6. As there was no alarm, she went back to her room.=_（獨(dú)立主格，原因）III. Multiple choice1.Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremo

29、ny live on TV.A. watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching2.There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved3.There is a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again.A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said第 6頁4. _

30、the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend5. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _.A. connectedB. connectingC. to connectD. to be conn

31、ected6.The lecture _, a lively question -and -answer session followed.A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given7._ nearly all our money, we couldn t afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spentB. To spendC. SpentD. To have spent8. Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her

32、 school days by a nurse _ to guard her.A. to appointB. appointingC. appointedD. having appointed9. It is standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs10.When it comes to _ in public, no one can match him.A. speakB. speakingC. be

33、ing spokenD. be spoken11.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay.A. to causeB. causingC. causedD. cause12.After seeing the movie, _.A. the book was read by himB. the book made him want to read itC. he wanted to read the bookD. the reading of the book interested him13.There was terrib

34、le noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed14.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing15. “ Can t you read? ” Mary saidto the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and po

35、int angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing16. I was in the bathroom, not _ the knock at the door.A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard17. _ through the park, beautiful flowers could be seen everywhere.A. WalkingB. When I walkedC. WalkD. Walked18. _ a reply, he decided to write again.A. Not r

36、eceivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received19. The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD.

37、smoked第 7頁21. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to workB. workingC. to have workedD. having worked22. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed23. It was so cold that they kept the fir

38、e _ all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned24. There are various kinds of metals, each _ its own properties.A. hasB. hadC. to haveD. having25. Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _, we declined the offer.A. not being finishedB. not having finishedC. had not been finishedD. was not finished第 8頁