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1、綿陽(yáng)專版 PART TWO第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題（十三） 簡(jiǎn)單句 【中考考點(diǎn)】(1)陳述句的概念及其肯定形式和否定形式。(2)一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)及答語(yǔ)。(3)由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。(4)倒裝句的基本用法。 陳述句是用于陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)或表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的看法的句子。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。1.陳述句的肯定句式主要有五種基本句型(1)“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”I am honored. 我很榮幸。(2)“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞”The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。(3)“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”I teach English.

2、 我教英語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)一陳述句 (4) “主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”,間接賓語(yǔ)是人,直接賓語(yǔ)是物。能接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在把間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)調(diào)換順序后多數(shù)要在間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或for。加to的動(dòng)詞有 give, send, pass, take, bring, show, lend, sell等。Jane sent me a present.= Jane sent a present to me.簡(jiǎn)寄給了我一份禮物。加for的動(dòng)詞有 buy, make, build, mend, cook等。My father bought me a bike.=My father bought a bike

3、 for me.我爸爸給我買了一輛自行車。(5)“主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”The teacher asked the students to listen carefully in class.老師要求學(xué)生們上課認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講。 2.陳述句的否定句式(1)be動(dòng)詞+notHe is not fat.他不胖。(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+not+動(dòng)詞原形I didnt get up at six oclock this morning.今天早上六點(diǎn)我沒(méi)有起床。(3)no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neithernor, none 等表

4、示否定意義的詞可以構(gòu)成否定句。I can hardly believe his story.我?guī)缀醪幌嘈潘墓适隆?4) think, believe, suppose等詞的“否定前移”的用法。I dont think it is a good idea.我認(rèn)為它不是一個(gè)好主意。 (5) “tooto”句型本身具有否定的含義。 She is too young to go to school.她太小, 還不能去上學(xué)。 考點(diǎn)二疑問(wèn)句1.一般疑問(wèn)句(1)一般疑問(wèn)句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu):Be+主語(yǔ)+其他?助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?(2)一般疑問(wèn)句的回答用yes或者no。

5、(3)否定疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)否定疑問(wèn)句通常是以“be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not”的縮寫(xiě)形式開(kāi)頭的, 表示請(qǐng)求、看法或者驚訝等。其答語(yǔ)形式和漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣有所區(qū)別。 Arent you a student? 你不是一名學(xué)生嗎? / 不, 我是。/是的, 我不是。Yes, I am. No, Im not. 2.特殊疑問(wèn)句常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代詞有what, which, who, whom, whose; 常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)副詞有when, where, why, how。特殊疑問(wèn)句的一般語(yǔ)序?yàn)椤疤厥庖蓡?wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”?！咀⒁狻?如果特殊疑問(wèn)詞在特殊疑問(wèn)句中作主語(yǔ), 則特殊疑問(wèn)句要用陳述語(yǔ)序。3.選擇疑問(wèn)句選擇疑問(wèn)

6、句有兩種:“一般疑問(wèn)句+or+選項(xiàng)”和“特殊疑問(wèn)句+or +選項(xiàng)”。Would you like some juice or tea?你想要些果汁還是茶?Neither.都不想要。Which would you like, tea or coffee?你想要哪樣,茶還是咖啡? 反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成: 陳述句+附加疑問(wèn)句?(附加疑問(wèn)句的否定式必須縮寫(xiě)。)1.陳述句部分與附加疑問(wèn)句部分意思相反: 前肯后否、前否后肯。Mary is a teacher, ? 瑪麗是一位老師, 不是嗎?He didnt tell you the story, ? 他沒(méi)有告訴你這個(gè)故事, 是嗎?isnt she did h

7、e考點(diǎn)三反義疑問(wèn)句 2.反意疑問(wèn)句的基本對(duì)應(yīng)形式如下:(1)be動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)be動(dòng)詞。She is a policewoman, ? 她是一名警察,不是嗎?(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。He can drive the car, ? 他會(huì)開(kāi)車,不是嗎? (3)行為動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)助動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式。這種助動(dòng)詞主要指幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句的do, does, did以及它們的否定形式。He slept for 9 hours yesterday, ? 他昨天睡了九個(gè)小時(shí),不是嗎?He didn t go to the park, ? 他沒(méi)有去公園,是嗎? isnt shecant he didnt hedid

8、he 3.特殊形式(1)當(dāng)陳述句中含有表示否定意義的代詞或形容詞,如nothing, none, no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,或含有表示否定意義的副詞never, hardly, seldom時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句只能用肯定式。Linda has never been to Beijing, ? 琳達(dá)從沒(méi)去過(guò)北京,是嗎?(2)陳述部分是祈使句時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句用will you/wont you均可。Open the window, ? 打開(kāi)窗戶,好嗎? (3)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句用“didnt+主語(yǔ)”或“usednt+主語(yǔ)”。He

9、used to go to bed late, didnt he/usednt he?他過(guò)去常常晚睡,不是嗎? has shewill you/wont you (4)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是this, that時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用it;陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是these, those時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用they。This is a fantastic film, isnt it?這是一部很棒的電影,不是嗎?(5)陳述部分是there be句型時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用“be(not) there”。There is a wallet in your car, isnt there?有一個(gè)錢包在你的車?yán)?不是

10、嗎?(6)陳述部分是lets 時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句用“shall we”。Lets go somewhere interesting to relax ourselves, shall we?讓我們?nèi)ヒ粋€(gè)有趣的地方放松一下,好嗎?(7)陳述部分是“I am”時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用“arent I”。 Im the first one to get here, arent I?我是第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里的,對(duì)嗎? 考點(diǎn)四感嘆句 a beautiful flower it is! 這是一朵多么漂亮的花啊! good news it is! 多好的消息啊! fast Jim runs! 吉姆跑得多快啊!WhatWha

11、tHow 考點(diǎn)五祈使句 Have a good holiday! (祝你)假日愉快!Be careful when you cross the road.當(dāng)你過(guò)馬路時(shí)請(qǐng)當(dāng)心。Lets have a rest. 讓我們休息一會(huì)兒吧。No parking! 禁止停車! 考點(diǎn)六倒裝句1.there be句型there be 句型是一個(gè)典型的倒裝句, 它表示“某處有某物”, 主語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞。 a river near our school. 我們學(xué)校附近有一條河。2.以so/neither/nor開(kāi)頭的句子用倒裝句“so/neither/nor+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示前面的內(nèi)

12、容也適用于后者。He has been to Dalian, and . 他去過(guò)大連, 我也去過(guò)。John cant speak Japanese, and . 約翰不會(huì)講日語(yǔ), 海倫也不會(huì)。There is so have Ineither/nor can Helen 3.副詞位于句首時(shí)當(dāng)here, there, now, then等副詞置于句首時(shí), 需用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。Here is your letter.這是你的信?！咀⒁狻窟@種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞, 若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞, 則不能完全倒裝。Here he comes.他來(lái)了。He

13、re you are.給你。4.方位介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)方位介詞短語(yǔ)在倒裝句中要整體前移。On the right of my school is my house.學(xué)校的右面是我家。 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子1.你在這里工作多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了? have you worked here? 2.請(qǐng)不要在教室里聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。 to music in the classroom, please. 3.杰克去過(guò)中國(guó)。比爾也去過(guò)。Jack has been to China. Bill. 4.你妹妹從不在小事上與同學(xué)爭(zhēng)吵,是嗎?Your sister never fights with her classm

14、ates over small things, ? How longDont listen So has does she 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練5.“你為什么喜歡熊貓?”“因?yàn)樗鼈兎浅？蓯?ài)。” do you like pandas? Because they are very cute.6.他寫(xiě)的報(bào)告真精彩! wonderful report he wrote! 7.那個(gè)村莊幾乎沒(méi)有污染。那兒的空氣非常清新、干凈。There is in that village.The air there is quite fresh and clean. 8.晚飯后我們一起去散步,好嗎?Lets go for a

15、walk after dinner, ? WhyWhat a shall welittle pollution 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練.句型轉(zhuǎn)換9.Jenny sings English songs very well. (改為一般疑問(wèn)句) Jenny English songs very well? 10.I go to the movies twice a week.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)) do you go to the movies? 11.The sunshine is really beautiful. (改為感嘆句) the sunshine is! 12.Jenny ate nothing for breakfast this morning, ?(完成反意疑問(wèn)句) 13.I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came. (對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)) were you when the rainstorm came? Does singHow oftenHow beautiful did sheWhat doing