汽車多楔帶疲勞試驗機的設(shè)計,汽車多楔帶疲勞試驗機的設(shè)計,汽車,多楔帶,疲勞,試驗,實驗,設(shè)計 ROULUNDS DESIGN MANUAL The Quality choice for any transmission This manual provides information on ROULUNDS belt types as well as instructions on designing of drives with V-belts or flat belts. In the calculation and design of a belt drive there are often several options as regards selection of belt type. This selection is decisive for the design of a belt drive that provides the optimum operation and life and ensures the lowest possible costs of estab- lishment and maintenance. The many belt types produced by ROULUNDS are divided into programmes, which are described briefly in the PROGRAMME KEY Belt types are selected by means of the information in this key. A detailed description of the selected belt type can be foundt on the programme in ques- tion in the PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS In the following calculation of the drive it should be checked whether or not the selected belt type provi- des an optimum solution. This means that it will often be necessary to repeat the calculations with a different type of belt than the one first selected. V-belt pulleys and lengths are now defined by means of the DATUM-system, which is subject to ISO 1081- 1980. This system is described in the section on ter- minology. ROULUNDS technicians will advise on all questions concerning belt drives and suggest solutions to spe- cific drive problems. This service also includes the belt types which are not included in the manual instructions on designing. A/S Roulunds Fabriker, DK-5260 Odense S, Denmark. Tel. (+45) 63 11 50 00, Fax (+45) 66 11 23 80 ROULUNDS DESIGN MANUAL CONTENTS PAGE Product features 4 Design of V-belt drives Designations and explanations applied 5 Calculation procedure 6 Questionnaire 9 Calculation example 11 Table values and explanations of calculation procedure Service factor, point 1, table 1 15 Selection of belt cross section, point 2, diagrams 1-5 16 Pulley diameters, point 4, tables 2, 2a, 3 and 3a 19 Installation and take-up allowance, point 7, tables 4 and 5 21 Belt length correction factor, point 11, table 6 23 Arc of contact correction factor, point 12, table 7 24 Installation belt tension, point 14 25 Checking the belt tension 26 Installation tension of joined V-belts 26 Shaft load, point 15 27 Drives with tension idler, point 16 28 Drives with nonparallel shafts, point 17 29 Fully turned drives, point 18 30 V-flat drives, point 19 31 Installation - maintenance - storage 34 Belt tension 35 Maintenance and storage 38 Terminology DATUM, EFFECTIVE and PITCH systems 38 V-belt section and length 40 Dimension tables V-belts, programmes 10 - 23 41 Variable speed V-belts, programmes 40 and 41 44 Multi-rib belts, programme 33 45 Synchronous belts, programme 34 45 Pulley groove dimensions, tables 21-25 46 Drives with flat belts 50 Belt constructions 54 Standards 57 4 In ROULUNDS belt programmes the features of the standard types are characterized by the following expressions. The design of the individual belt types is described in the section BELT CONSTRUCTIONS, page 54. TOLERANCE STABLE TS means that V-belts marked with the same No./dimension and TS can be applied without sorting in matching belt sets with a tolerance on the belt length according to ISO 4184, BS 3790, DIN 2215, DIN 7753/1 etc. TOLERANCE CODE NO. For those V-belt types which are not TS, a code No. is used which indicates the belt length relative to the nominal belt length. The difference between one code No. (e.g. 50) and the next (51) is 2 mm. The section on installation, page 34, includes a description of how belts with a code No. should be sorted for matched belt sets. OIL A brief exposure to oil or fatty substances has no influence on the life and operation of the belts. If the drive cannot be screened off from or protected against persistent oil sprays or oil vapours, its life and ope- rating capacity will be reduced. For this kind of operating environment we recommend selecting an extra oil resistant belt type, see the PROGRAMME KEY. TEMPERATURE The permissible temperature range is listed in the PROGRAMME KEY. It generally applies that a V-belt drive operates satisfactorily within the following limits: Wrapped V-belts -40 - +70C Raw-edge V-belts -35 - +90C However, we recommend that good air circulation be maintained in the drive under all conditions. As regards nonstandard types, supplementary descrip- tions may be used for the special features of these spe- cific types. That will appear from the product descripti- on in the individual programmes. MARKING Example: Classical V-belts ANTISTATIC means that static electricity is conducted away from the dri- ve, provided that it is effectively earthed. ROULUNDS belt products are antistatic as standard accor- ding to ISO - 1813, as indicated in the individual program- mes and in the PROGRAMME KEY. A certificate to that effect will be issued on request. PRODUCT FEATURES Production code V-belt section Inside belt length in inches. Belt No. Section top width in mm. Inside belt length in mm. Datum belt length in mm. RESISTANT TO OIL AND TEMPERATURE 5 DESIGN OF V-BELT DRIVES You can calculate industrial drives with ROFLEX belt types by the following procedure. If the drives are for agricultural machinery or spe- cial drives and drives for mass production, we rec- ommend that you contact ROULUNDS technical department which has experts ready to assist you with advice on how to achieve the optimum solu- tion for your belt drive tasks, for example by running ROFLEX calculation programs but also on the basis of many years practical experience. DESIGNATIONS AND UNITS APPLIED a Number of pulleys in the drive B Width of pulley mm B F Width of flat pulley mm b d Correction supplement to datum-diameter for V-belt pulley mm b e Correction reduction of effective- diameter for V-belt pulley mm C Centre distance mm c 1 Service factor c 2 Belt length correction factor c 3 Arc of contact correction factor on smaller V-belt pulley c 4 Correction factor for tension idler c 5 Arc of contact correction factor in a V-flat drive D F Diameter of flat pulley mm D FD Calculated datum-diameter of flat pulley mm D FP Calculated pitch-diameter of flat pulley mm D FE Calculated effective-diameter of flat pulley mm D t Supplement for belt height mm D e Effective-diameter of larger V-belt pulley mm D d Datum-diameter of larger V-belt pulley mm D p Pitch-diameter of larger V-belt pulley mm d e Effective-diameter of smaller V-belt pulley mm d d Datum-diameter of smaller V-belt pulley mm d p Pitch-diameter of smaller V-belt pulley mm 6 f Deflection frequency Hz h Height difference between shafts in turned drives mm i Speed ratio K Deflection force per belt N k 1 Tensioning factor for belt tension k 2 Factor for centrifugal force kg/m l Span length of belt mm L a Outside V-belt length mm L d Datum V-belt length mm L e Effective V-belt length mm or 1/10 inch L i Inside V-belt length mm L m Mean V-belt length mm P M Power consumption of driven unit or motor output kW P N Power rating per V-belt kW P D Design power kW n 1 Revolutions of smaller V-belt pulley rev/min n 2 Revolutions of larger V-belt pulley rev/min S dyn Shaft load, dynamic N S stat Shaft load, static N T stat Belt tension per belt, static N T Section height of V-belt mm v Belt speed m/s z Number of V-belts pieces x Adjustment of centre distance for take-up mm y Adjustment of centre distance for installation mm Arc of contact on smaller V-belt pulley Deflection of span length mm Angle between pulleys in drives with nonparallel shafts 3.1416 hp 0.736 kW kp 9.815 N inch 25.4 mm CALCULATION PROCEDURE 1. Service factor c 1 Table 1, page 15. Choose from the table the operating condi- tions which best correspond to the actual operating conditions for the drive. 2. Belt section is selected on the basis of diagrams 1 - 5, page 16 - 18. As a principal rule, narrow V-belts should be used for new drives. This gives the most economical and least space demanding design. For high-speed drives, or where small pulley diameters are required, ROFLEX RE-X pro- grammes 10 and 17 and ROFLEX-X pro- grammes 12 and 16 will usually provide the optimum solution. When selecting belt type and section, the recommended maximum belt speed v m/s must be taken into consideration. This speed is listed on the data sheet for the belt type in question, in the PROGRAMME KEY and in the DIMENSION TABLES, page 41 - 43. 7 3. Speed ratio i is the ratio of the rev/min of the smaller to that of the larger V-belt pulley i = n 1 n 2 or the ratio of the pitch-diameter of the larger to that of the smaller pulley. i = D p d p For calculation of pitch-diameter, see point 4. Having selected the V-belt pulley diameters, check that the speed ratio is as desired. 4. V-belt pulley diameters d d /d p and D d /D p mm Tables 2 and 3 on page 19 - 20 indicate the standard datum- and effective-diameters. We recommend selecting as large diameters as practically possible in order to obtain better power transmission at higher belt speeds. The diameter of the smaller V-belt pulley is selected from the table. The diameter of the larger V-belt pulley is calculated as follows: D d = d d i mm Standard diameters should always be selec- ted if at all possible. The PITCH-diameter is used for an exact cal- culation of the speed ratio i, point 3, and the belt speed v, point 8. These are calculated from the datum-diameter or the effective-diameter: d p = d d + 2b d mm d p = d e - 2b e mm D p = D d + 2b d mm D p = D e - 2b e mm Correction supplement/reduction 2b d and 2b e , see tables 2a and 3a on page 20. For most drives it is sufficiently accurate to use datum-diameters when calculating the speed ratio and belt speed. V-belt pulley groove dimensions are shown in tables 21 - 25 on page 43 - 46. 5. Centre distance C mm The centre distance should be selected within this range: C 0,7 (d d + D d ) mm C 0.7 (d d + D d ) mm C 0,7(150 + 224) C 262 mm C 2(150 + 224) C 670 - 1000 18 21 14 21 27 10 1000 - 1320 19 22 27 16 23 29 43 13 1320 - 1662 21 24 29 18 25 30 44 17 1662 - 2240 24 27 32 39 21 28 33 36 41 47 22 2240 - 3000 28 31 35 43 24 31 37 40 45 51 30 3000 - 3550 30 33 38 46 27 34 40 43 48 54 36 3550 - 4500 35 38 43 51 32 39 44 48 52 62 59 45 4500 - 5600 41 44 48 56 37 44 50 53 58 67 64 56 5600 - 6700 46 54 62 50 55 59 63 73 70 67 6700 - 8500 55 63 71 59 64 68 72 82 79 85 8500 - 10000 70 78 66 72 75 80 89 86 100 10000 - 11800 79 87 75 81 84 89 98 95 118 11800 - 13500 88 96 84 89 93 97 107 135 13500 - 15000 95 103 91 97 103 105 114 150 15000 - 16100 101 109 97 102 106 110 120 160 INSTALLATION AND TAKE-UP ALLOWANCE, POINT 7 Table 4 ROFLEX V-belts programmes 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17. 22 The adjustments in table 5 are guidelines. If a specific calculation of x and y is required, use these formulas: x = 0,01 L e mm sin 2 y = 0,005 L e + T mm sin 2 L e = Effective belt length mm T = Section height mm = Arc of contact = 3,1416 C x y Effective belt length L e mm 1100 2240 36 46 55 36 22 2240 - 3550 43 53 62 43 59 36 3550 - 4500 58 67 48 64 45 4500 - 5600 63 72 88 53 69 100 56 5600 - 6700 69 78 94 75 106 67 6700 - 8500 78 87 103 84 115 85 8500 - 10000 110 122 100 10000 - 11800 119 131 118 11800 - 13500 128 140 135 13500 - 15000 135 147 150 15000 - 16000 140 152 160 Minimum adjustment y mm HA/A HB/B HC/C HD/D 3V/9J 5V/15J 8V/25J Minimum take-up x mm All sections Table 5 ROFLEX joined V-belts, programme 23. 23 The length factor c 2 expresses the deflection fre- quency which the V-belt is subjected to when passing over the pulleys. The table values for power rating P N kW per belt are based on a reference or basic belt length. Table 6 Belt length correction factor c 2 Where belt lengths differ from that length, the deflection frequency and thus also the factor c 2 are changed. The reference length is listed against c 2 = 1.00. c 2 Narrow V-belts SPZ SPA SPB SPC S19 8V Z/10 A/13 B/17 20 C/22 25 D/32 E/40 XPZ XPA XPB XPC ZX AX BX CX 3V 5V 10X 13X 17X 22X 3VX 5VX 0.80 465 551 915 1.453 1.622 1.653 297 666 875 1.216 1.448 1.735 2.320 2.578 0.81 496 695 977 1.551 1.241 1.765 312 700 920 1.279 1.523 1.824 2.440 2.712 0.82 529 741 1.042 1.655 1.324 1.883 328 736 967 1.345 1.601 1.918 2.565 2.851 0.83 565 791 1.112 1.765 1.412 2.008 345 774 1.017 1.414 1.683 2.016 2.697 2.997 0.84 602 843 1.185 1.881 1.505 2.141 362 813 1.069 1.486 1.769 2.119 2.834 3.150 0.85 642 898 1.263 2.005 1.604 2.282 381 854 1.123 1.561 1.859 2.227 2.978 3.310 0.86 684 957 1.346 2.136 1.709 2.431 400 897 1.179 1.640 1.953 2.339 3.128 3.477 0.87 728 1.019 1.433 2.275 1.820 2.589 420 943 1.239 1.722 2.051 2.457 3.286 3.652 0.88 775 1.085 1.526 2.422 1.938 2.756 441 990 1.301 1.809 2.154 2.580 3.450 3.835 0.89 825 1.155 1.624 2.577 2.062 2.933 463 1.039 1.366 1.899 2.261 2.708 3.622 4.026 0.90 877 1.228 1.727 2.742 2.194 3.120 486 1.091 1.433 1.993 2.373 2.842 3.802 4.225 0.91 933 1.306 1.837 2.916 2.333 3.319 510 1.144 1.504 2.091 2.490 2.983 3.989 4.434 0.92 992 1.389 1.953 3.100 2.480 3.528 535 1.201 1.578 2.194 2.613 3.129 4.185 4.652 0.93 1.054 1.476 2.075 3.295 2.636 3.749 561 1.260 1.655 2.302 2.741 3.283 4.390 4.880 0.94 1.120 1.568 2.205 3.500 2.800 3.984 589 1.321 1.735 2.414 2.874 3.443 4.604 5.118 0.95 1.190 1.666 2.342 3.718 2.974 4.231 617 1.385 1.820 2.581 3.014 3.610 4.828 5.366 0.96 1.263 1.768 2.487 3.947 3.158 4.492 647 1.452 1.908 2.653 3.159 3.784 5.061 5.625 0.97 1.341 1.877 2.639 4.190 3.352 4.768 678 1.522 2.000 2.781 3.311 3.966 5.304 5.895 0.98 1.423 1.992 2.801 4.445 3.555 5.069 711 1.595 2.095 2.914 3.470 4.156 5.558 6.178 0.99 1.509 2.112 2.971 4.715 3.772 5.366 745 1.671 2.195 3.053 3.635 4.354 5.823 6.473 1.00 1.600 2.240 3.150 5.000 4.000 5.690 780 1.750 2.300 3.198 3.808 4.561 6.100 6.780 1.01 1.695 2.375 3.339 5.300 4.240 6.032 817 1.833 2.409 3.349 3.956 4.777 6.368 7.101 1.02 1.797 2.516 3.539 5.617 4.494 6.392 855 1.919 2.522 3.507 4.176 5.002 6.689 7.435 1.03 1.904 2.666 3.749 5.951 4.761 6.772 895 2.009 2.640 3.671 4.372 5.236 7.003 7.783 1.04 2.017 2.823 3.971 6.302 5.042 7.172 937 2.103 2.764 3.843 4.576 5.481 7.330 8.147 1.05 2.135 2.989 4.204 6.673 5.338 7.594 981 2.201 2.892 4.021 4.788 5.735 7.671 8.526 1.06 2.260 3.164 4.450 7.063 5.651 8.038 1.026 2.302 3.026 4.208 5.010 6.001 8.026 8.920 1.07 2.392 3.348 4.709 7.474 5.979 8.505 1.074 2.409 3.166 4.402 5.241 6.278 8.396 9.332 1.08 2.530 3.542 4.981 7.907 6.325 8.998 1.123 2.519 3.311 4.604 5.482 6.566 8.781 9.760 1.09 2.676 3.746 5.268 8.362 6.689 9.516 1.174 2.634 3.452 4.814 5.732 6.866 9.183 10.206 1.10 2.829 3.961 5.570 8.841 7.073 10.061 1.228 2.754 3.620 5.033 5.994 7.179 9.601 10.671 1.11 2.990 4.186 5.887 9.344 10.634 1.283 2.879 3.784 5.262 6.265 7.504 10.036 11.155 1.12 3.160 4.424 6.221 9.874 11.237 1.341 3.009 3.955 5.499 6.548 7.843 10.490 11.659 1.13 3.338 4.673 6.572 10.431 11.871 1.402 3.145 4.133 5.747 6.843 8.196 10.962 12.184 1.14 3.525 4.935 6.940 11.016 12.537 1.464 3.286 4.318 6.004 7.150 8.563 11.483 12.730 1.15 3.722 5.211 7.328 11.632 13.237 1.530 3.432 4.511 6.272 7.469 8.945 11.964 13.298 1.16 3.929 5.500 7.735 12.278 13.972 1.598 3.585 4.711 6.551 7.801 9.343 12.496 13.889 1.17 4.146 8.163 12.957 14.745 1.669 3.744 4.920 6.841 8.146 9.757 13.049 14.504 1.18 4.374 8.612 13.669 15.556 1.742 3.909 5.137 7.143 8.505 10.187 13.624 15.143 1.19 4.614 9.083 14.417 16.407 1.819 4.080 5.363 7.456 8.879 10.634 14.223 15.808 1.20 4.865 9.578 15.203 1.898 4.259 5.597 7.783 9.267 11.100 14.845 16.500 1.21 5.129 10.097 16.027 1.981 4.444 5.841 8.122 9.671 11.583 15.492 1.22 5.405 10.641 15.551 2.067 4.667 6.095 6.474 10.091 12.035 15.164 1.23 5.695 11.213 2.155 4.838 6.358 8.841 10.527 12.609 15.863 1.24 6.000 11.812 2.249 5.046 6.632 9.221 10.980 13.152 Classical V-belts BELT LENGTH CORRECTION FACTOR c 2 , POINT 11 24 The V-belt power rating P N kW/belt is based on a 180 arc of contact. If the arc of contact is smaller, the power transmission capability is reduced and P N is adjusted by multiplying the read table value by factor c 3 . Correction factor c 3 is listed in table 7 - for wrapped V-belts, programmes 11, 15. - for raw-edge V-belts, programmes 10, 12, 16, 17. For those drives in which effective-diameters D e /d e mm are used, these values must be used in the calculations. C D d d d D d - d d C Angle c 3 , wrapped c 3 , raw-edge 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 180 174 169 163 157 151 145 139 133 127 120 113 106 99 91 83 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.82 0.78 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.88 0.85 ARC OF CONTACT CORRECTION FACTOR c 3 , POINT 12 Table 7, Arc of contact correction factor c 3 . D d = Datum-diameter of larger V-belt pulley mm d d = Datum-diameter of smaller V-belt pulley mm = Arc of contact on smaller V-belt pulley 25 BELT TENSION, POINT 14 It is essential to the operation and life of V-belts that they are installed with the necessary tension and that this tension is maintained. Excessive belt tension results in poorer efficiency and an increased, unnecessary load on the belt. This means shorter belt life and extra load on shaft bearings etc. Insufficient belt tension reduces the power trans- mission capability. Any slip between belt profile and pulley groove causes extra wear of the belt edges and increased heat build-up in the belts. This means faster destruction of the belts and thus too short life. We therefore recommend calculating the neces- sary static belt tension T stat according to the follow- ing formula: T stat = 500 k 1 P M + k 2 v 2 N/belt z v k 1 = Tension factor, table 8. k 2 = Factor for centrifugal force kg/m, table 9, page 23. P M = Power consumption or rated output of the motor kW z = Number of V-belts v = Belt speed m/s When installing new belts, we recommend a belt tension of 1.3 T stat in order to compensate for the initial belt tension drop which occurs during the first hours of operation. The belt tension should then be checked periodi- cally, see the section on installation and mainte- nance, page 34 - 38. 180 1.50 1.73 2.03 1.50 1.73 2.03 175 1.51 1.73 2.03 1.51 1.74 2.04 170 1.51 1.74 2.04 1.52 1.75 2.06 165 1.52 1.75 2.05 1.54 1.77 2.08 160 1.53 1.75 2.06 1.55 1.79 2.10 155 1.53 1.76 2.07 1.57 1.80 2.12 150 1.54 1.77 2.08 1.59 1.83 2.14 145 1.55 1.79 2.10 1.61 1.85 2.17 140 1.57 1.80 2.12 1.63 1.88 2.20 135 1.58 1.82 2.13 1.66 1.90 2.24 130 1.60 1.84 2.16 1.68 1.94 2.27 125 1.62 1.86 2.18 1.72 1.97 2.32 120 1.64 1.88 2.21 1.75 2.01 2.36 115 1.66 1.91 2.24 1.79 2.06 2.42 110 1.69 1.94 2.28 1.83 2.11 2.48 105 1.72 1.98 2.32 1.88 2.17 2.54 100 1.75 2.02 2.37 1.94 2.23 2.62 95 1.80 2.07 2.43 2.00 2.30 2.70 90 1.85 2.12 2.49 2.08 2.39 2.80 Table 8 Tension factor k 1 Arc of contact Programmes 10, 12, 16, 17 Operating conditions Operating conditions Light drives Constant load k 1 Mean load k 1 Heavy drives Shock load k 1 Light drives Constant load k 1 Mean load k 1 Heavy drives Shock load k 1 Programmes 11, 15, 20, 23 26 CHECKING THE BELT TENSION When the V-belt set has been installed, the belt tension can be checked in the following, simple way, which provides adequate security that the belt tension is correct. Apply a calculated force K at the centre of the span l. This force shall be sufficient for deflecting the belt 15 mm per 1000 mm of span. K must be applied perpendicularly to the belt. K = 0,06 x T stat N K = Deflection force per belt N T stat = Static tension per belt N, see page 25. Span length of belt l mm l = C sin mm 2 C = Centre distance mm = Arc of contact , see table 7, page 24 Deflection mm = l 15 mm 1000 A practical procedure for checking the belt tension is shown in the section “Installation”, page 34. JOINED V-BELTS The method with the deflection force and deflection of a belt cannot be used for checking the belt ten- sion of joined V-belts. We recommend using the following procedure which is based on an elastic belt extension corre- sponding to the static belt tension T stat . 1. The joined V-belt is install