折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車設(shè)計(jì)【10米】,10米,折疊,高空作業(yè),設(shè)計(jì),10 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)華德應(yīng)用技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 附錄1 中文翻譯 目前，我國專用車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有600多家，如果改裝客車廠家也計(jì)入則達(dá)到700多家，年產(chǎn)專用車50余萬臺套。據(jù)國內(nèi)有關(guān)資料統(tǒng)計(jì)，目前國內(nèi)專用車品種已達(dá)1550多個，專用車已占商用車產(chǎn)量的20%～25%左右。由于專用車市場容量有限，因此大多數(shù)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模都較小，只有需求量較大的品種，比如自卸車、牽引車、半掛車、貨廂式車，集裝箱平板車等產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)批量較大。 國內(nèi)有的企業(yè)既生產(chǎn)基型車也生產(chǎn)專用車(如一汽、東風(fēng)公司生產(chǎn)自卸車、半掛牽引車，金杯公司生產(chǎn)救護(hù)車，東南(福建)生產(chǎn)郵政車、運(yùn)鈔車等)。但大多數(shù)專用車由專用改裝車廠生產(chǎn)。如高空作業(yè)車，起重汽車、水泥攪拌車、油罐車等等。據(jù)了解，目前國內(nèi)專用汽車市場開發(fā)較為緩慢，市場細(xì)分程度不夠，目前專用汽車占普通載貨汽車比例在40％左右，產(chǎn)品雷同性大，滿足用戶個性化要求差。產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)工藝環(huán)節(jié)硬件方面國內(nèi)外差距正在明顯縮小，但在生產(chǎn)工藝管理、要求及執(zhí)行度方面國內(nèi)外企業(yè)差距較大。因此，無論從國內(nèi)還是從國際市場形勢來看，我國專用汽車都還有巨大的提升空間。 在國外專用車是主要的商用車型，一般占其商用車產(chǎn)量的80%以上，而在我國，專用汽車僅占我國年汽車產(chǎn)量的20%左右。其次，我國專用車生產(chǎn)品種太少，國外專用車品種在6000種左右，我國600家專用車廠只有1000多個品種。我們的專用車品種還需充分細(xì)化，否則不可能滿足市場的多樣化需求。第三，技術(shù)開發(fā)和研究水平太低。我國的專用車生產(chǎn)基本停留在仿制階段，創(chuàng)新少，設(shè)計(jì)雷同，產(chǎn)出的基本上都是技術(shù)含量低的普通型專用車。第四，在生產(chǎn)工藝工裝方面，我們目前的專用車企業(yè)，由于缺少規(guī)模的技術(shù)改造，國產(chǎn)設(shè)備、自制設(shè)備比重大，工人工藝水平低，限制了產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次的提高，制約了專用車的發(fā)展。第五，我國專用車生產(chǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的兩大關(guān)鍵—-專用底盤與專用裝置的開發(fā)能力較弱。我國專用汽車在產(chǎn)量上已具有相當(dāng)?shù)囊?guī)模，但大多為勞動密集型中低技術(shù)含量的產(chǎn)品如半掛車、自卸車。一些技術(shù)含量較高的產(chǎn)品及關(guān)鍵零部件仍需進(jìn)口。目前我國專用車制造企業(yè)多以規(guī)模較小的汽車改裝廠為主。它們從整車廠購買汽車底盤，根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行改裝，研發(fā)創(chuàng)新能力不足。與國內(nèi)不同的是國外專用汽車生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是，品種多，小批量，廠家多，規(guī)模小。 由于專用車生產(chǎn)批量大多數(shù)較小(掛車、自卸車、廂式貨車等除外)，開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品投入又較大，企業(yè)在技術(shù)上投入不足，在資金上缺乏，大多為仿造國外車型，個別車型為引進(jìn)國外產(chǎn)品的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、關(guān)鍵件。同時，國內(nèi)一些大的汽車生產(chǎn)廠在產(chǎn)品技術(shù)和資金投入上，也存在重基型車、轎車、客車而輕專用車的現(xiàn)象。今后專用車是具有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ能囆椭弧? 我國專用車專用裝置的關(guān)鍵件總體水平不太高，如液壓件、泵類、閥類、控制儀表等現(xiàn)在還未達(dá)到較高的技術(shù)水平，因此制約了高水平專用車的開發(fā)生產(chǎn)。例如：國外的消防車水泵體積小、壓力高、流量大。國內(nèi)部分消防車水閥、三通閥、泡沫比例混合器調(diào)節(jié)閥易銹死，而國外采用鍍鉻球閥，不易生銹，可靠性好于國內(nèi)。 專用汽車的發(fā)展，首先需要在“專”上下功夫，專門化和專業(yè)化是發(fā)展方向，如高空作業(yè)車、牽引車、集裝箱運(yùn)輸車等。其次，專用汽車需要在“特”字上求發(fā)展，即應(yīng)滿足用戶的特殊要求，如高空作業(yè)車、混凝土攪拌運(yùn)輸車、混凝土泵車、車輛運(yùn)輸車、特種消防車等。 ??? 近年來市場對專用汽車產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量的要求越來越高，一些能夠滿足特殊功能要求的專用汽車底盤相繼推出，一些高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品和特殊(專用)裝置開始在專用汽車上得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，如液壓舉升裝置、排料卸料裝置、計(jì)量測量裝置、機(jī)械作業(yè)裝置、制冷保溫裝置、安全防護(hù)裝置、自動控制裝置等。在一定程度上滿足了用戶對專用汽車產(chǎn)品的多樣化需求。 目前，折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車的發(fā)展動向是實(shí)現(xiàn)“六化”、“三性”，以提高折疊臂式高空作業(yè)機(jī)械的適用性。 “六化”：即液壓化、最優(yōu)化（采用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)）、輕量化（采用高強(qiáng)度材料、減輕構(gòu)建重量）、機(jī)電液一體化（如安全保護(hù)、報(bào)警裝置等）、通用化、系列化。 “三性”：可靠性、安全性和舒適性。 經(jīng)調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)，目前，折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車具有一定需求市場，但生產(chǎn)廠家相對較少，主要在于其結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，因此難以形成批量生產(chǎn)，為使折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車能夠完善其結(jié)構(gòu)和性能，提高折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車的功能，形成小批量生產(chǎn)。本設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)對折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車主要工作裝置所采用的各種方案進(jìn)行比較分析，分別列出各方案的優(yōu)劣點(diǎn)，以便選擇最合適方案。綜上所述，在目前的折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車的生產(chǎn)水平上，改進(jìn)折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車的工作性能，開發(fā)研制機(jī)動靈活、技術(shù)含量高、安全可靠的高空作業(yè)機(jī)械具有重大意義。 折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車廣泛用于建筑、市政、機(jī)場、工廠、園林、住宅等場所，從事消防、搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)、安裝、維護(hù)等工作?？梢哉f折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車將是汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)必不可或缺的一部分，在國內(nèi)外市場的需求與競爭下，發(fā)展我國的折疊臂式高空作業(yè)車產(chǎn)業(yè)具有很好的前景。 附錄2 外文 At present, China's Special Vehicle manufacturers are more than 600, if the modified passenger car manufacturers are also included in more than 700, with an annual output of more than 50 million vehicle-specific sets. According to relevant statistics, the current Special Purpose Vehicle has reached more than 1550 varieties, special-purpose vehicles account for 20% of the commercial vehicle production to 25%. Private car market because of limited capacity, so the majority of enterprises are small scale of production, only the demand for larger species, such as dump truck, tractor, semi-trailer, Huo Xiang-car, flatbed container products such as large-volume production. Some enterprises have not only domestic car production base is also a dedicated car production (such as FAW, Dongfeng's production truck, semitrailer tractor, an ambulance company Gold Cup, South East (Fujian) Post production car, truck, etc.). However, most of the special cars from the production of special modification of the depot. High above the ground, such as cars, appliances automobile, cement mixer, tanker, and so on. It is learned that a dedicated domestic auto market has been relatively slow to develop, not the degree of market segmentation, currently accounting for Special Purpose Vehicle in the proportion of ordinary Truck around 40% of similar products, customized to meet user requirements poor. Production technology links the hardware is obviously to narrow the gap at home and abroad, but in the process, requirements and implementation of the degree of connection between large enterprises at home and abroad. As a result, in terms of domestic or international market situation, the Special Purpose Vehicle in China are still great room for improvement. Private car outside the main business model, its commercial vehicle production in general more than 80%, while in China, the Special Purpose Vehicle in China's auto production accounted for only about 20%. Second, our little species-specific production of cars, foreign car-specific varieties in about 6000 kinds of China's 600 precincts, only the depot more than 1,000 varieties. We have a special car needs to fully refined varieties, it is impossible to meet the diverse needs of the market. Third, technological development and research level is too low. China's Special Vehicle production remained at the basic stage of imitation and innovation in small, similar to the design, production technology is basically the low-general of the special vehicles. Fourth, in the production process equipment, we are dedicated car companies, due to the lack of scale technical transformation of the domestic equipment, home-made device than a major, low levels of technology workers, restrictions on the product, the quality and level of increase in the special constraints The development of the car. Fifth, China's Special Vehicle production of two key technological progress - a dedicated chassis and the development of the device-specific power is relatively weak. Special Purpose Vehicle production in China has been of considerable size, but mostly in labor-intensive products with low technological content, such as semi-trailer, dump truck. A number of high technology products and still need to import key parts and components. At present, China's exclusive car manufacturers to make more use of smaller car-based Gaizhuang Chang. They buy a car from the factory vehicle chassis, according to the need for modification, lack of innovation and research and development. The difference is that domestic and foreign car manufacturers special features is that the number of varieties, low-volume, manufacturers, small-scale. ? As the dedicated most of the smaller-volume production of vehicles (trailers, truck, van, and other ones) to develop new products and greater investment, inadequate investment in technology, lack of funds, mostly imitation of foreign models, individual Model for the introduction of foreign products in key technology, the key thing. At the same time, some large domestic car manufacturers in product and technology funds, there are also re-car, cars, passenger cars and light trucks dedicated. Private cars are the future development potential of one of the models. China's special vehicle-specific device key pieces of the overall level is too high, such as hydraulic parts, pumps, valves, control instrumentation, and so now we have not reached a higher level of technology and therefore restricted the high level of development and production of special vehicles. For example: outside the small fire engine pumps, high pressure, large volume. Domestic part of the fire engine valve, three-way valve, the proportion of foam mixer valve rust easily die, and the use of foreign chrome ball, not rusty, the reliability of better than domestic. The development of the Special Purpose Vehicle, first of all need to be "specialized" work hard, specialization and professionalization is the development direction of the high-altitude operations, such as cars, tractors, container, and other vehicles. Second, the Special Purpose Vehicle in need "special" on development, that should satisfy the special requirements of customers, such as cars high above the ground, the concrete mixing truck, concrete pump, truck traffic, special fire engines and so on. ??? ?In recent years the market for dedicated automotive technology products have become increasingly demanding, a number of special features to meet the specific requirements of the vehicle chassis have been introduced, a number of high-tech products and special (dedicated) to start installation in the Special Purpose Vehicle has been widely used, such as Hydraulic lifting devices, nesting unloading devices, measuring measuring device, mechanical plant, refrigeration insulation devices, security devices, automatic control devices. To a certain extent to meet the user to the specific needs of diversified automotive products. At present, the folded-arm high above the ground vehicle for achieving the development of the "six" and "three" in order to improve arm-folding machinery of the applicability of the work high above the ground. "VI": that is, hydraulic and optimization (using computer-aided design), lightweight (high-strength materials, to reduce the weight of Construction), integrated electro-hydraulic (such as security, alarm, etc.), General, Serialization. "Three": reliability, safety and comfort. After research found that, at present, arm-folding work high above the market demand for a certain car, but a relatively small producers, mainly because of its complicated structure, it is difficult to mass production, in order for the folded-arm high above the ground vehicles to improve its structure and Performance, improve the folding-arm high above the ground vehicle functions, the formation of small batch production. Focus on the design of the folding arm-work high above the main vehicle used by a variety of devices to carry out a comparative analysis of the program were listed in the program's strengths and weaknesses in order to choose the most appropriate program. To sum up, folding in the current boom high above the ground level of production of cars, arms folded to improve high-performance vehicle operations, to develop flexible, high-technology, high above the ground safe and reliable machinery is of great significance. Folding-arm high above the ground vehicles are widely used in construction, municipal, airports, factories, gardens, such as residential premises, engaged in fire fighting, rescue and disaster relief, installation, maintenance and so on. It can be said that folded-arm high above the ground vehicles will be the auto industry will an integral part of the domestic and international market demand and competition, the development of China's arm-folding work high above the car industry has good prospects. 6