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1、 武漢科技大學(xué) 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計 （外文文獻） 題 目： 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵設(shè)計 姓 名： 專 業(yè)： 交通運輸 學(xué) 號： 200934011 指導(dǎo)教師： 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 外文文獻一 The concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of

2、the most basic form of the same size gear in a close co-operation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shells internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled int

3、o the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth. Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to

4、another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomeno

5、n occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump. In fact, t

6、here is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that - 1 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻

7、100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% ~ 98% efficiency. For the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be

8、affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a con

9、stant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter). For a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a

10、 high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced.Promote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure velo

11、city) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (per week to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technolo

12、gy to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price. PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using - 2 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 technology, will be a longer working life. "D"-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surfac

13、e by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can "D"-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure non-

14、eccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water-cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semi-molten state cooling and the formation of self-sealing. Can also be used

15、Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the anti-pressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, whic

16、h makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. PEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control. Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a

17、 board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole. Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be - 3 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻

18、 controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality. 外

19、文文獻一翻譯 齒輪泵的概念是很簡單的， 即它的最基本形式就是兩個尺寸相同的齒輪在一個緊密配合的殼體內(nèi)相互嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)， 這個殼體的內(nèi)部類似 “8”字形，兩個齒輪裝在里面，齒輪的外徑及兩側(cè)與殼體緊密配合。來自于擠出機的物料在吸入口進入兩個齒輪中間，并充滿這一空間， 隨著齒的旋轉(zhuǎn)沿殼體運動， 最后在兩齒嚙合時排出。 在術(shù)語上講， 齒輪泵也叫正排量裝置， 即像一個缸筒內(nèi)的活塞， 當一個齒進入另一個齒的流體空間時， 液體就被機械性地擠排出來。 因為液體是不可壓縮的，所以液體和齒就不能在同一時間占據(jù)同一空間，這樣，液體就被排除了。由于齒的不斷嚙合，這一現(xiàn)象就連續(xù)在發(fā)生

20、，因而也就在泵的出口提供了一個連續(xù)排除量，泵每轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，排出的量是一樣的。隨著驅(qū)動軸的不間斷地旋轉(zhuǎn)， 泵也就不間斷地排出流體。 泵的流量直 接與泵的轉(zhuǎn)速有關(guān)。 實際上，在泵內(nèi)有很少量的流體損失，這 使泵的運行效率不能達到 100％，因為這些流體被用來潤滑軸承及齒 輪兩側(cè)，而泵體也絕不可能無間隙配合，故不能使流體 100％地從出 口排出，所以少量的流體損失是必然的。 然而泵還是可以良好地運行， 對大多數(shù)擠出物料來說，仍可以達到 93％～ 98％的效率。 對于 粘度或密度在工藝中有變化的流體， 這種泵不會受到太多影響。 如果

21、 - 4 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 有一個阻尼器， 比如在排出口側(cè)放一個濾網(wǎng)或一個限制器， 泵則會推動流體通過它們。如果這個阻尼器在工作中變化， 亦即如果濾網(wǎng)變臟、堵塞了，或限制器的背壓升高了，則泵仍將保持恒定的流量，直至達 到裝置中最弱的部件的機械極限 ( 通常裝有一個扭矩限制器 ) 。 對于一臺泵的轉(zhuǎn)速，實際上是有限制的，這主要取決于工藝流體，如果傳送的是油類， 泵則能以很高的速度轉(zhuǎn)動， 但當流體是一種高粘度 的聚合物熔體時，這種限制就會大幅度降低。 推動高粘流體進 入吸入口一側(cè)的兩齒空間是非常重要的，如果這一

22、空間沒有填充滿， 則泵就不能排出準確的流量，所以 PV值( 壓力流速 ) 也是另外一個 限制因素，而且是一個工藝變量。由于這些限制，齒輪泵制造商將提 供一系列產(chǎn)品， 即不同的規(guī)格及排量 ( 每轉(zhuǎn)一周所排出的量 ) 。這些泵 將與具體的應(yīng)用工藝相配合， 以使系統(tǒng)能力及價格達到最優(yōu)。 PEP － II 泵的齒輪與軸共為一體，采用通體淬硬工藝，可獲得更長的工作壽命。“D”型軸承結(jié)合了強制潤滑機理，使聚合物經(jīng)軸承表面，并返回到泵的進口側(cè)， 以確保旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的有效潤滑。 這一特性減少了聚合物滯留并降解的可能性。精密加工的泵體可使“ D”型軸承與齒輪軸精確配

23、合，確保齒輪軸不偏心，以防齒輪磨損。 Parkool 密封結(jié)構(gòu)與聚四氟唇型密封共同構(gòu)成水冷密封。 這種密封實際上并不接觸軸的表面，它的密封原理是將聚合物冷卻到半熔融狀態(tài)而形成自密封。 也可以采用 Rheoseal 密封，它在軸封內(nèi)表上加工有反向螺旋槽，可使聚合物被反壓回到進口。 為便于安裝， 制造商設(shè)計了一個環(huán)形螺栓安裝面，以使與其它設(shè)備的法蘭安裝相配合， 這使得筒形法蘭的制造更容 - 5 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 易。 PEP －II 齒輪泵帶有與泵的規(guī)格相匹配的加熱元件，可供用 戶選配，這可保證快速加溫和熱量控制。與泵體內(nèi)

24、加熱方式不同，這 些元件的損壞只限于一個板子上， 與整個泵無關(guān)。 齒輪泵由一個 獨立的電機驅(qū)動， 可有效地阻斷上游的壓力脈動及流量波動。 在齒輪 泵出口處的壓力脈動可以控制在 1％以內(nèi)。在擠出生產(chǎn)線上采用一臺 齒輪泵，可以提高流量輸出速度， 減少物料在擠出機內(nèi)的剪切及駐留 時間，降低擠塑溫度及壓力脈動以提高生產(chǎn)率及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 外文文獻二 Pumps outline The pump is the application very widespread general machinery, may say that

25、is place of the fluid flow, nearly has the pump in the work. Moreover, along with sciences and technologys development, pumps application domain is expanding rapidly, according to the over-all state statistics, pumps power consumption approximately composes the national total output of electrical en

26、ergy 1/5, obviously the pump is natural consumes energy the wealthy and powerful family. Therefore, raises the pump technical level to save the energy consumption to have the important meaning. First. Centrifugal pumps principle of work The drive leads impeller revolving through the pump spind

27、le to have the centrifugal force, under the centrifugal action of force, the liquid is flung along the leaf blade flow channel to the impeller export, the liquid sends in after the volute collection the eduction tube. The liquid obtains the energy from the impeller, ? causes the pressure energy and

28、the speed can increase, and depends upon this energy the hydraulic transport to the operating location. while the liquid is flung which exports to the impeller, - 6 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 the impeller eye center has formed the low pressure, ? has had the differential pressure in the imbibiti

29、on pot and between the impeller center liquid, in the imbibition pots liquid under this differential pressure function, after inhales the pipeline and pumps suction chamber unceasingly enters in the impeller. Second, centrifugal pumps structure and main spare part A centrifugal pump mainly by

30、the pump body, the impeller, the packing ring, the rotation axis, the axis seals parts and so on box to be composed, some centrifugal pumps are also loaded with the guide pulley, the inducer, the balance disc and so on. 1. Pump body: Namely pumps shell, including suction chamber and delivery cham

31、ber. ①Suction chamber: Its function is enables the liquid to flow in evenly the impeller. ② Delivery chamber: Its function collects the liquid, and sends in it the subordinate impeller or guides the eduction tube, at the same time reduces the liquid the speed, causes the kinetic energy to f

32、urther turn the pressure energy. The delivery chamber has the volute and the guide vane two forms. 2. Impeller: It is in the centrifugal pump transmits the energy for the liquid only part, the impeller with the bond fixation on the axis, leads revolving along with the axis by the prime mover, pas

33、ses to through the leaf blade prime movers energy the liquid. Impeller classification: ①According to liquid inflow classification: Single suction impeller (in impellers one side has an entrance) and double attracts the impeller (liquid from impellers lateral symmetry liudao impeller passage).

34、 ② Is opposite according to the liquid in centerlines flow direction - 7 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 classification: Runoff type impeller, axial-flow propeller and interflow type impeller. ③According to impellers structural style classification: Shrouded impeller, open type impeller

35、and semi-opened impeller. 3. Axis: Is transmits the mechanical energy the important components, the? prime movers torque passes to the impeller through it. The pump spindle is the pump rotors major parts, on the axis is loaded with components and so on impeller, axle sleeve, balance disc. The pum

36、p spindle depending on the both sides bearing supporting, makes the high speed rotation in the pump, thus the pump spindle in a big way wants the bearing capacity, to be wear-resisting, to be anti-corrosive. Pump spindles material selects the carbon steel or the alloy steel and after the quenchin

37、g and retempering treatment generally. 4. Packing ring: Is installs in the rotation impeller and the static pump housing (center-section and guide vanes assembly) between packing assembly. It is function is through controls between the two gap method, increases in the pump between the high and lo

38、w pressure cavity the fluid flow resistance, reduces divulging. 5. Axle sleeve: The axle sleeve is uses for to protect the pump spindle, causes it not to corrode and the attrition. When necessity, the axle sleeve may replace. 6. Axis seals: The pump spindle and around packing box between en

39、d covers installs short for axis to seal, mainly prevents in pumps liquid divulging and the air enters in the pump, achieves seals and prevents the air admission to cause the pump cavitation goal. the axis seals form: Namely has skeletons rubber seal, the packing seal and the mechanical seal. 7.

40、axial force balancing unit. Third. Centrifugal pumps prime task parameter - 8 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 1. Current capacity: Namely the pump in unit of time discharges the liquid quantity, usually indicated with the Unit of volume that mark Q, the unit has m3/h, m3/s, l/s and so on, 2.

41、Lifting: The transportation unit weights liquid (pump suction flange) (pump discharge flange) from the pump inlet place to the pump exit, its energys increment, indicated with H, the unit is m. 3. Rotational speed: Pumps rotational speed is the pump each minute revolving number of times, expre

42、ssed with N. Electrical machinery rotational speed?N generally about 2900 n/min. 4. Net positive suction head: Centrifugal pumps net positive suction head is expressed that pumps performances main parameter,uses the symbolic representation. 5. Power and efficiency: Pumps power input is shaft p

43、ower P, is also electric motors output. Pumps output is the active power. Fourth, pump proper energy loss Pump mechanical energy which obtains from the prime mover, has a part to transform into the liquid energy, but another part because in the pump consumes loses. In the pump all losses may div

44、ide into the following several items: 1. Hydraulic loss by the liquid in pump impact, the turbulent flow and the surface friction creates. The impact and the eddy current loss are because the liquid flow change direction produces. The liquid flows through the flow channel general meeting which co

45、ntacts to present the surface friction, from this produces the energy loss is mainly decided by flow channels length, the size, the shape, the surface roughness, as well as liquid speed of flow and characteristic. 2. Volumetric loss: volumetric loss was already obtained the energy liquid to have

46、a part to flee the result which in the pump the class and leaked outward. Pumps volumetric efficiency is 0.93～0.98 generally. - 9 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 Improves the packing ring and the seal structure, may reduce the leakage, raises the volumetric efficiency. 3. Mechanical loss mechani

47、cal loss refers to the impeller lap side and the pump housing friction loss between the liquid, namely the disc loses, as well as pump spindle when packing, bearing and balancing unit and so on mechanical part movement friction loss, generally before primarily. Fifth, pumps speed change--Propo

48、rtionality law 1. Centrifugal pumps speed change: A centrifugal pump, when its rotational speed change, its rated flow, lifting and the shaft power will have the change according to the certain proportion relations. At present, uses the frequency conversion velocity modulation electrical machi

49、nery to realize centrifugal pumps speed change, is a new important energy conservation way. 2. proportionality law expression In the formula, Q, H, N-- pumps rated flow, lifting and shaft power The subscript 1,2 express the different rotational speed separately n-- rotational speed Sixth

50、, centrifugal pumps ratio rotation Compared to the rotation is the comprehensive parameter which derives by the law of similarity, it is the operating mode function, to a pump, the different operating mode has differently compared to the rotation, for ease of carries on the comparison to the diff

51、erent type pumps performance and the structure, the application optimum condition (the peak efficiency spot) the ratio rotation represents this pump. When chooses the pump, may according to job requirement Q, H and unifies electrical machinerys rotational speed, calculates the ns number, determin

52、es pumps type approximately. At that time, used the positive displacement pump generally, at that time, used the centrifugal pump, the interflow pump, the axial flow pump and so on. - 10 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 Seventh,centrifugal pumps cavitation andinspirationcharacteristic 1.Cavita

53、tion phenomenons The pumping station transportation mediums liquid condition and the gas are can transform mutually, the transformed condition is the pressure and the temperature. Under certain temperature, the liquid starts the critical pressure which vaporizes for the vaporization pressure. The

54、 temperature is higher, the liquid vaporization pressure is higher. Pump when revolution, if its overflow part local region (for example impeller blade import later somewhere), the liquid absolute pressure drops when pulled out delivers the liquid at that time under the temperature vaporization pres

55、sure, the liquid then in this place starts to vaporize, the bubble formation (air bubble internal pressure approximately was equal to vaporization pressure). When these air bubbles along with liquid flow forward motion to high pressure region, down to around the air bubble high-pressured liquid caus

56、es the air bubble to reduce suddenly congeals. While air bubble vanishing, the liquid particle by the high speed packing hole, occurs hits mutually forms the intense pressure surge, causes the overflow part to receive the corrosion and the destruction. The above process is called the cavitation.

57、2. Cavitation will cause serious results: (1). has the vibration and the noise. (2). is influential to pumps operating performance: When the cavitation develops the certain extent, the ? steam bubble produces massively, will stop up the flow channel, will cause pumps current capacity, lifting,

58、 the efficiency and so on obviously to drop. (3). will have the destruction to flow channels material quality: Is mainly nearby the leaf blade entrance the metal weary disintegration. 3. centrifugal pumps inspiration characteristic: - 11 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 (1). Pump has the cavitat

59、ion basic condition is: Under leaf blade entrance lowest liquid flow pressure <= this temperature liquid vaporization pressure . (2). effective net positive suction head: The pump entry (potential head is the entire flood peak which zero) the liquid has subtracts the value which the vaporization

60、delivery head remains only, with expression. (3). pump essential net positive suction head: Liquid flow from pump inlet to impeller in minimal pressure point of force K place complete energy loss, with expression. (4). With and difference and relation: Pump not cavitation The pump starts

61、 the cavitation

62、 4. Enhances the centrifugal pump anti-cavitation performance the method to include: (1). I mprovement machine pump structure, reduces, is machine the pump design question. (2). Enhancement installment effective net positive suction head. Most mainly the most commonly used method uses the

63、irrigation inspiration installment. In addition, reduces the inspiration pipeline resistance loss as far as possible, reduces the liquid the saturated steam tension, namely when design inspiration pipeline selects caliber big as far as possible, length short, the bend and valve few, transportatio

64、n liquid temperature as far as - 12 - 中高壓外嚙合齒輪泵 -外文文獻 possible low and so on measures, may enhance the installment the effective cavitation remainder. 5. axial force balancing unit (1). axial force production reason ① Around because the impeller the both sides the fluid pr

65、essure distributed situation different (wheel cap lateral pressure is low, ? wheel disk pressure high) causes axial force A1, its direction for from impeller back side direction impeller eye. ②The fluid flows in and flows out dynamical reaction A2 which impellers direction and the speed differ

66、ent produce, its direction and A1 are opposite, therefore line shaft directive force A=A1-A2, the direction is ordinary and A1 same (general A2 is small). (2). Axial force balanced ① Uses double attracts the type impeller: The impeller lateral symmetry, the fluid from the both sides inspiration, the axial force automatic counter-balance achieves balanced. ②Opens the balancing hole or installs the compensating pipe: A: Open