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臥式組合機床設(shè)計 外文翻譯 The aggregate machine-tool is take the general par t as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the seriation, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tool's core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool design's process, is one of work load big parts. It is acts according to the work piece processing hole quantity which and the position the working procedure chart and the processing schematic drawing determined, the cutting specifications and the main axle type design transmission various main axles movement power unit. Its power from the general power box, installs together with the power box in to feed sliding table, may complete drills, twists and so on working processes. This topic designed has used in the HT200 top head hole processing the drill hole aggregate machine-tool. According to the top head hole components size which must process carries on the aggregate machine-tool general multi-axle-boxes the design, draws up the multi-axle-box primitive basis chart, the definite main axle and the gear modulus, determined the transmission system, calculates the main axle and drive shaft's coordinate. Through the above design, realized a top head one-sided six processing to complete, has achieved the design requirements well。To meet the combination of CNC machine tools of development, it is a component of the NC machine tool NC module. Portfolio machine is modular combination of CNC machine tools brought about by the inevitable result is the combination of CNC machine tools necessary foundation, NC module so greatly enriched the portfolio of generic pieces of machine tools, it will cause combination of General Machine Type of a fundamental change. NC module, according to their coordinates NC (axis) of mainly single coordinates, dual coordinate and coordinate. Its spindle number, single and multi-axis module, there are single and multi-axis composite processing module. NC module development, there are mainly two kinds of ways: First, the existing combination of machine tools should be relatively common items, the NC General of the design. At present there is also domestic NC is developing one-dimensional slider, NC two-dimensional (Cross) Waterloo Taiwan, the NC rotary table, all this is the way the NC is based on the characteristics of the development of NC The unique combination of machine tool parts, such as automatic replacement of multi-axis spindle box, the NC rotary knife, NC for the manipulator, NC for me, such as mechanical hand. The past 10 years, machine tools and automatic line group in the highly efficient, high productivity, flexibility and the use of parallel (synchronous) works develop more reasonable and more savings in the programme has made a lot of progress. In particular the automobile industry, in order to improve the performance of motor vehicles, precision machining of components made a number of new demands, so the machine performance requirements are also higher. In recent years, with numerical control technology, electronics technology, computer technology, such as the development of machine tools combination of mechanical structure and control system has also undergone a tremendous change. With the combination of machine tools of development: 1. NC. A combination of CNC machine tools, not only a complete change from the previous relay circuit composed of a combination of machine tool control system, and the head. Also the mechanical structure and composition of machine parts universal standards has or is undergoing an enormous change。2. Modular. NC plus one two modular greatly enrich the composition of the Universal machine parts, it will cause universal machine combination of a fundamental change，According to modularization design theory,the modules of aggregate machine tool are divided in this paper on the basis of function analysis.Taking UG software as developing flat,the parametric 3D modeling module bank is set up.The database for storing the data used in design is also set up at the same time.Under the guiding of the system,users can complete such tasks as module choice,module combination,and calculation,etc.Therefore,computer aided modularization design of aggregate machine tool can be realiz..3. High-speed. As high-speed processing can greatly reduce the surface roughness and cutting force components, greatly reducing cutting temperature, increase productivity, the machine's high-speed research is rising, especially NC machine tool movements and the main feed velocity has reached an alarming high-speed . For example, the U.S. production of processing center, spindle speed up to 15 000-60 000r/min, table fast forward speed of up to 90-120 m / min. Conform to the trend of high-speed machines, machine tools combination of speed getting higher and higher. For example, the German Volkswagen plant in the processing of aluminum cylinder head combustion chamber side, the use of PCD cutter and milling speed of up to 3 075m/min, feed rate of 3 600mm/min, the CBN has adopted the installation of the new boring knife blade processing Kevin Gray Rail, the cutting speed of 800 m / min, feed rate of I 500 mm / min. 4, precision of. As the realization of NC machine tools, thus increasing the accuracy of processing machine, so that some of the past seem difficult to achieve the accuracy of processing has been realized today.5. Protection of the whole. Completely closed the machine is now a major characteristic, whether single or machine tool production lines, are all closed by the housings, electrical, hydraulic full use of air alignment. All closed protection, not only production line machine tools and their aesthetic appearance, but also improve the safety, reliability and ease of maintenance. There are two virtues that are low cost and high efficiency in modular machine tools,which is widely used in batch production.This text introduces an automatic control system of multi-station modular machine tool.Applying PLC to control the modular machine tool can raise the automation extent and work efficiency and reduce a great deal of hardware wiring,so the dependability of the machine tool is also increased. 組合機床是以通用部件為基礎(chǔ)，配以按工件特定形狀和加工工藝設(shè)計的專用部件和夾具，組成的半自動或自動專用機床。組合機床一般采用多軸、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同時加工的方式，生產(chǎn)效率比通用機床高幾倍至幾十倍。由于通用部件已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化，可根據(jù)需要靈活配置，能縮短設(shè)計和制造周期。多軸箱是組合機床的核心部件。它是選用通用零件，按專用要求進行設(shè)計的，在組合機床設(shè)計的過程中，是工作量較大的部件之一。它是根據(jù)工序圖和加工示意圖所確定的工件加工孔的數(shù)量和位置，切削用量和主軸類型設(shè)計的傳遞各主軸運動的動力部件。其動力來自通用的動力箱，與動力箱一起安裝于進給滑臺，可完成鉆，絞等加工工序。本課題設(shè)計了用于HT200上蓋孔加工的鉆孔組合機床。根據(jù)要加工的上蓋孔零件尺寸進行組合機床通用多軸箱的設(shè)計，繪制多軸箱原始依據(jù)圖，確定主軸和齒輪模數(shù)，確定出傳動系統(tǒng)，計算出主軸和傳動軸的坐標(biāo)。通過以上設(shè)計，實現(xiàn)了上蓋單面六孔的一次加工完成，較好地達到了設(shè)計要求。為適應(yīng)數(shù)控組合機床的發(fā)展，就出現(xiàn)了組成數(shù)控機床的數(shù)控加工模塊。組合機床模塊化是組合機床數(shù)控化所帶來的必然結(jié)果，也是組合機床數(shù)控化的必要基礎(chǔ)，數(shù)控加工模塊話極大的豐富了組合機床的通用件，它必將引起組合機床通用件發(fā)生根本型變化。數(shù)控加工模塊，按其數(shù)控坐標(biāo)（軸）數(shù)，主要有單坐標(biāo)、雙坐標(biāo)和三坐標(biāo)。按其主軸數(shù)，有單軸和多軸模塊，也有單軸和多軸復(fù)合加工模塊。數(shù)控加工模塊的發(fā)展，主要有2種方式：一是與現(xiàn)有組合機床通用件相對應(yīng)，設(shè)計數(shù)控通用件。目前國內(nèi)亦有其也正在研制數(shù)控一維滑臺、數(shù)控二維（十字）滑臺、數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺等，都屬于這種方式;二是根據(jù)數(shù)控加工的特點，研制數(shù)控組合機床所特有的部件，如自動更換式多軸主軸箱、數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)刀庫、數(shù)控換到機械手、數(shù)控換箱機械手等。近十多年來，組 機床及其自動線在高效、高生產(chǎn)率， 柔性化以及采用并行(同步)工程制訂更為合理、更為節(jié)省的方案方面取得了不小的進展。尤其是汽車工業(yè)， 為了提高汽車的性能，對零件的加工精度提出了一些新的要求， 因此對機床性能的要求也更高了。近年來隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、計算機技術(shù)等的發(fā)展，組合機床的機械結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)也發(fā)生了巨大變化。組合機床有了以下的發(fā)展：1. 數(shù)控化。數(shù)控組合機床的出現(xiàn)，不僅完全改變了過去那種由繼電器電路組成的組合機床的控制系統(tǒng)，而目．也使組合機床機械結(jié)構(gòu)乃至通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生了或正在發(fā)生著巨大的變化。2. 模塊化。數(shù)控加1二模塊化極大地豐富了組合機床的通用件，它必將引起組合機床通用件發(fā)生根本性變化，根據(jù)模塊化設(shè)計原理,在功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上劃分了組合機床多軸箱的各級模塊。將三維CAD技術(shù)與模塊化技術(shù)相結(jié)合,以UG(Unigaphics)為軟件開發(fā)平臺,利用其強大的三維造型功能和裝配功能,建立了組合機床多軸箱參數(shù)化三維造型模板庫,同時還建立了存放設(shè)計過程中所需數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫。設(shè)計人員在系統(tǒng)界面的引導(dǎo)下可完成模塊選擇、模塊組合和設(shè)計計算等環(huán)節(jié),從而實現(xiàn)了計算機輔助組合機床多軸箱三維模塊化設(shè)計,提高了設(shè)計效率。3. 高速化。由于高速加工可大大降低零件表面粗糙度及切削力，大大減小切削溫度，提高生產(chǎn)效率，故機床的高速化研究方興未艾，特別是數(shù)控機床的主運動和進給運動速度已達到了驚人高速。如美國生產(chǎn)的加工中心，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速可達15 000—60 000r／min，工作臺快進速度高達90—120m／min 。順應(yīng)機床高速化的潮流，組合機床的速度也越來越高。例如德國大眾汽車廠在加工鋁金缸蓋燃燒室側(cè)面時，采用PCD銑刀，銑削速度高達3 075m／min，進給速度達3 600mm／min，而采用安裝有CBN刀片的新穎鏜刀加工灰鑄鐵時， 切削速度達800m／min，進給速度達I 500 mm／min. 4、精密化。由于機床實現(xiàn)了數(shù)控化，因而機床的加工精度越來越高，使一些過去看來難以達到的加工精度今天也已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)了。5、全防護化。全封閉是現(xiàn)在機床的一大特點，不論是單機還是機床生產(chǎn)線，均采用全封閉的外罩， 電器、液壓全部采用空中走線。全封閉防護，不但使機床及其生產(chǎn)線外形美觀，而且也提高了安全性、可靠性和維修的便利性。 組合機床兼有低成本和高效率的優(yōu)點,在大批量生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,并可以組成自動生產(chǎn)線。多工位組合機床采用的PLC控制系統(tǒng),將PLC控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用于機床,大大提高了自動化程度和工作效率,同時減少了大量繼電器的硬件接線,工作的可靠程度也顯著增加,方便了操作和維修。