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1、第十四節(jié) 句子（二） 考 點(diǎn) 精 講 精 練 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類：簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。本節(jié)我們將重點(diǎn)闡述中考最常涉及的復(fù)合句賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。在此之前先了解一下簡單句和并列句。 一、簡單句 簡單句由一個主語部分和一個謂語部分組成。簡單句的五種基本句型如下： 二、并列復(fù)合句 由并列連詞連接的兩個或兩個以上獨(dú)立分句的句子叫做并列復(fù)合句，簡稱并列句。 三、主從復(fù)合句 由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句組成的句子叫做主從復(fù)合句。中考對主從復(fù)合句的考查主要為賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。 【考點(diǎn)1】賓語從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。 2. 賓語從

2、句三要素： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016玉林)Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ change some money, please?Of course. Walk along the street to the end and you can find a bank. A. where I can B. where can IC. where I was able to D. where was I able to A ( )2. (2016綏化)I dont know _ he will come or not this afternoon.

3、A. if B. whenC. whetherC ( )3. (2015廣東)David asked _ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by k

4、issing herD ( )4. (2015梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. where Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB ( )5. (2015廣州)Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking

5、 aboutB. what are they talking about C. what they were talking aboutD. what they are talking about C ( )6. (2014廣東)Do you know_？8, 844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is QomolangmaB. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma isD. how long Qomolangma isC 【考點(diǎn)演練】(

6、)7. I dont understand _.Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA ( )8. Please tell me _ the scarf?She bought it online, I guess.A. if Ali

7、ce likedB. when Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay forC ( )9. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himC ( )10. I wonder _. Its about an unus

8、ual experience of a little girl. A. who wrote the book B. what the book is about C. how I can get the bookD. Where did you buy the bookB ( )11. I am worried about _. Whatever the result is, dont be too hard on yourself. A. how have I prepared for my final examsB. if I can get great grades in the fin

9、al examsC. that my school team lost the game because of my faultD. why did my school team lose the game B ( )12. Do you know _ the Smiths left Shanghai? Im not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. A. if B. whyC. how D. whenD 【考點(diǎn)2】狀語從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子稱為狀語從句。 2.

10、狀語從句分時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式等幾種類型。具體如下： 3. 狀語從句的位置：狀語從句可放在主句之前，用逗號與其隔開，也可放在主句之后。 4. “主將從現(xiàn)”與時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的情形： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016宜昌)Learning to love is like learn-ing to walk.Yes, _ we step out bravely, well find its not so difficult. A. as if B. even thoughC. as long as D. as far as C ( )2. (2016臨沂)_ Americ

11、an people and British people speak the same language, their cultures are quite different. A. Since B. IfC. Although D. BecauseC ( )3. (2016邵陽)We _ for a picnic if it _ rain this Sunday. A. will go; doesnt B. will go; wont goC. go; doesnt ( )4. (2016重慶)Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your d

12、og when you _ away on business. A. are B. wereC. will be D. have beenAA ( )5. (2015廣東)Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report. A. finishes B. finishC. finished D. will finishA ( )6. (2014廣東)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.

13、Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is startingA 【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. I want to know if he _ to play bas-ketball with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be C ( )8. I wond

14、er when he _ in Havard University. He will e-mail you as soon as he _ there. A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; getsC. will arrive; will get D. arrive; getsB ( )9. Tina is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; to( )10. _ youve tasted it, you cant imagine ho

15、w delicious the dishes are. A. Because B. AlthoughC. When D. UnlessCD ( )11. I told him the news _ he came back yesterday. A. until B. as soon asC. unless D. sinceB ( )12. Dad, please tell me when Mom _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her job done. And she will bring a nice present

16、 for you. A. returns; gets B. returns; will get C. will return; gets D. will return; will getC 【考點(diǎn)3】定語從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：一般為含先行詞的主句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。 3. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞： (1)關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)，位于先行詞及定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的主語、賓語、定語等成分。 (2)關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why等。常在從句中作地

17、點(diǎn)、時間或原因狀語，且往往可以用介詞加which (如in which； on which； for which等)代替。 4. 關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜歡那些有自己教學(xué)風(fēng)格的老師。(who作主語，指人，可用that代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是薩拉愛的男人。(who作賓語，指人，可用whom或that替換，均可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderf

18、ul. 我在書店買的那本小說很精彩。(which作賓語，指物，可用that替換，均可省略。若作主語則不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保羅認(rèn)識那個男孩，(他的)妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定語，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也可指物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandparents used to live. 她記得她祖父母曾經(jīng)居住過的木屋子。(where在此作地點(diǎn)狀語，不能省略，相當(dāng)于in which) (6)That was the day wh

19、en little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作時間狀語，不可省略，相當(dāng)于on which) (7)Let me know the reason why youre so upset. 告訴我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因狀語，不可省略，相當(dāng)于for which)5. 關(guān)系詞使用的特例關(guān)系詞只能用that而不宜用which的情況： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016龍東)To be a better man is the best soap opera _ I have ever seen. A. that B. whereC. who( )2.

20、(2015廣東)Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hot among the young people. A. what B. whichC. who D. whomAB ( )3. (2015廣州)The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. thoseC. who D. what( )4. (2015梅州)Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belong B. that belongC. tha

21、t belongs D. which belongsAC ( )5. (2014茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit. A. which B. what C. where( )6. (2014廣東)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island， the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whomAB 【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village _

22、 he lived in his childhood. A. when B. whichC. where D. that ( )8. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. whatC. that D. whomCC ( )9. Mr. Smith is an excellent teacher _ always gives us lively lessons. A. whose B. whichC. whom D. who( )10. One of the most delicious drinks _ I

23、 like is orange juice. A. which B. thatC. whose D. whomDB ( )11. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. whichC. when D. whoB ( )12. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseD