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1、專(zhuān)題十一語(yǔ)法填空之提示詞類(lèi) 高考24話題之(十一)：世界與環(huán)境(The world and the environment)北京市將舉辦主題為“Protecting Mother Earth”的中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)作文競(jìng)賽。你準(zhǔn)備根據(jù)下列四幅圖畫(huà)寫(xiě)一篇“Story of a Tree”的英語(yǔ)小故事參賽。【 寫(xiě) 作 話 題 】 Once there was a family_(live) in cabin under a huge tree. Its strong branches and thick_ (leaf) kept the family safe_the wind and rain.【 語(yǔ) 法

2、 填 空 】 livingleavesfrom Some time late, they felled down the tree with an ax, as they were built another cabin. And strong winds blew away the roof of both the old and new cabins.答 案late改為later；built改為buildingroof改為roofs【 語(yǔ) 法 改 錯(cuò) 】 Story of a TreeOnce there was a family living in cabin under a huge

3、tree.Its strong branches and thick leaves kept the family safe from the wind and rain.Some time later, they felled down the tree with an ax, as they were building another cabin.They needed the wood for its walls and the branches and leaves for its roof.But before the comple-【 范 文 背 誦 】 tion of the n

4、ew cabin, there came a storm.And strong winds blew away the roofs of both the old and new cabins, because the tree was no longer there to protect the place from the wind. 根據(jù)范文畫(huà)線部分仿寫(xiě)下面情景：有很多人遭受了沙塵暴之苦。_這些村民種植了很多樹(shù)來(lái)保護(hù)自己，不受寒風(fēng)的侵襲。_答案There are lots of people suffering from sandstorms.These villagers plante

5、d large numbers of trees to protect themselves from the cold wind.【 自 主 空 間 】 A(2016新課標(biāo)乙卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1._(attract)做 真 題 悟 高 考 限 時(shí) 15分 鐘 So it was a great honour to be invited backsta

6、ge at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research.I 2._(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 3._(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes

7、 back 4._my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5._I was the first Western TV reporter 6._(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassa-dorial duties will include 7._ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a res

8、earch centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8.(it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9._ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10.other is with mum-she never suspects.語(yǔ) 篇 解 讀

9、 對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)，成都最吸引人的當(dāng)數(shù)熊貓了。作者與熊貓的關(guān)系可以追溯到二十世紀(jì)八十年代中期。如今，作者將作為它們的英國(guó)大使，向英國(guó)游客介紹它們。 1attraction考查名詞。形容詞top后面跟名詞形式。2was allowed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞allow與主語(yǔ)I之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3officially考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞形式。4to考查介詞。go back to是固定搭配，to是介詞，后接表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的詞，意為“回到”。 5when考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the mid-1980s，表示時(shí)間，從

10、句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，因此用when。6permitted考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句中謂語(yǔ)部分是系表結(jié)構(gòu)was the first Western TV reporter，此處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因?yàn)閞eporter與permit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。 7introducing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞include后缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。8its考查代詞。指代前面的a lively three- month-old twin，在句中修飾mother，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。9days考查名詞。few后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。10the考查固定搭配。表示“兩者中的一個(gè)另一個(gè)”用one.the othe

11、r.。 B(2016新課標(biāo)甲卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(識(shí)別)those of 1._(great) and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 2._(achieve)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3._(be) often a

12、cceptable. Most of us are more focused 4.our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 6.(study) sho

13、w that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7._(regular)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8._while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 9._(bring) your work home.It coul

14、d be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 10._(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。該文告訴我們當(dāng)工作壓力大時(shí)，應(yīng)如何釋放壓力。 1greater與less是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。2achievement其前面有介詞of，應(yīng)用名詞形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。3isv-ing 形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。全文說(shuō)明的是一種生活常識(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4on形容

15、詞短語(yǔ)be focused on“集中于”。很多人早晨對(duì)任務(wù)的注意力要比晚些時(shí)候的注意力更集中。 5as考查固定搭配。短語(yǔ)as.as.“和一樣”。正是因?yàn)槿藗冊(cè)绯康淖⒁饬Ω鼮榧校晕覀円缙?，要和午飯之前一樣的高效率?studies本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是show，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。7regularly考查副詞。本句中使用副詞regularly作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞take short breaks。 8a介詞短語(yǔ)for a while是固定搭配，表示一會(huì)兒。該處是指“讓你的身體和大腦通過(guò)外出走走的方式休息一會(huì)兒”。9to bringbe likely to do sth.是一種常見(jiàn)用法。本處表示“

16、如果你找到了下班后你喜歡做的事，你不太可能把工作帶回家去做”。10make本句為祈使句，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。句意為：要確保是讓你釋放日常壓力的事，而不是讓你擔(dān)憂的事。 有提示詞題是指“使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空”這類(lèi)題，主要考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。探 考 點(diǎn) 攻 難 點(diǎn) 當(dāng)設(shè)空處前給出動(dòng)詞原形，設(shè)空處一般會(huì)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(即考綱上要求的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))，動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式或考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法?？键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞用法 1考查時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定句中是否缺謂語(yǔ)

17、。如缺謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。第二步：看主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，以確定用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)還是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，同時(shí)還要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境考慮用哪種時(shí)態(tài)。第三步：要注意主謂一致。 典例1 Silk_(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.解析空格處是全句的謂語(yǔ)，由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)by about 100 BC可知要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。答 案 had become 典例2 Large amounts of money_(spend) on the project so far.解析空格處是謂語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀

18、語(yǔ)so far要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且spend與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)，Large amounts作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，所以最佳答案是have been spent。答 案 have been spent 2考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞第一步：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)，且設(shè)空處不是作并列謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)考慮該空考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。第二步：根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語(yǔ)的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如作目的狀語(yǔ)一般用不定式形式，而作原因、伴隨、時(shí)間等狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞形式；如作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用-ing形式或不定式；如作enjoy,finish等的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用v.-ing形式；如作decid

19、e， refuse等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，需用不定式形式。如設(shè)空前為系動(dòng)詞，需用v.-ing形式(意為：令人感到的)或過(guò)去分詞(感到的)作表語(yǔ)。第三步：確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。第四步：根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是用完成式。 典例1 _(make) it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.解析空格處狀語(yǔ)，“與我們更容易的取得聯(lián)系”是“把卡片留在手邊”的目的，故用動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)詞make與主語(yǔ)you是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。答 案 To m

20、ake 典例2 To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study_ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析題中的a study是look at的賓語(yǔ)，所以空格處不是謂語(yǔ)，而是定語(yǔ)修飾study, conduct意為“進(jìn)行”，與study是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式。答 案 conducted 典例3 I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_(work) with students.解析句意：我在海上

21、航行和現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生一起一樣快樂(lè)。使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，I和work是主謂關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。答 案 working 當(dāng)給出形容詞、副詞形式時(shí)，往往要求寫(xiě)出形容詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式；有時(shí)考查形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。如果給出的是名詞，而且作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則有可能用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)二形容詞、副詞和名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定所給詞在句子中作定語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。第二步：根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)境或句子意義確定是填比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí)以及要不要加表示否定或相反意義的前綴，如果是名詞，判斷是否用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 典例1 I have always enjoyed all the events you

22、 organized and I hope to attend_(many) in the coming years.解析句意：我一直很喜歡你組織的所有的活動(dòng)并且希望在未來(lái)的幾年里參加更多的活動(dòng)。此處用many的比較級(jí)more。答 案 more 典例2 Andy is content with the toy.It is_ (good) he has ever got.解析句意：這是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句he has ever got可知此處用最高級(jí)。答 案 best 詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主，如：形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與副詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；形容詞與動(dòng)詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化；動(dòng)詞

23、與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。第一步：分析結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞在句中充當(dāng)哪種句子成分。比如，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，或修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞；作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用名詞；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞。考點(diǎn)三詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化 第二步：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號(hào)中的詞變成所需要的詞類(lèi)。注意：有時(shí)不但要注意詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴，其邏輯意義才通順；而且要特別注意所填詞的正確的拼寫(xiě)形式。 典例1 There are a lot of_(attract) here for us to visit.解析空格處是“There be”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)，用名詞。而且此處指很多名勝，故用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。答

24、 案 attractions 典例2 _(fortunate), the fire was discovered soon after it had started.解析句意：幸好火勢(shì)剛起就立即被發(fā)現(xiàn)了?？崭裉幹糜谌涞木涫?，用逗號(hào)與其他部分隔開(kāi)，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞形式。答 案 Fortunately 典例3 He felt_(comfortable) with the cold weather, so he decided to move to the south.解析句意：他對(duì)于寒冷的天氣感覺(jué)不舒服，所以決定搬往南方。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)該用comfortable的反義詞。答 案 uncomfortable