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1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars A time machine Big Bang a solid globeatmosphere water It became very v_iolentIn time it produced some gases. The water on the earth is _ that on other planets. water unlike plants in the water shellfish and fishplants on landinsects and amphibians Reptiles

2、Mammals They produced young by _ eggs.layingThey _ young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.gave birth toDinosaurs _ on the earth for more than 140 million years.existed Dinosaurs prevent.from 使.不做某事, 阻止. 做某事Nothing will prevent us from studying hard.stopkeep One hundred and forty million y

3、ears before humans _,dinosaurs ruled the earth. At that time they had few natural enemies. So they developed quickly. They _ young by _ eggs. Until now no one knows the exact reason why the dinosaurs were unable to _ themselves _ disappearing altogether. They died out _. Maybe as some scientists gue

4、ss, that the earths weather became hot and dry _ the dinosaurs life.existedgave birth to laying prevent from in timewas harmful toFill in the blanks using some of the words on the blackboard. Answer key for exercise 1:-ence un-present certainviolent fairconfident paiddifferent likepatient kindpresen

5、ceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatience uncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind -al -istculture artglobe physicsuniverse chemistryagriculture biologymathematics scienceculturalglobaluniversalagriculturalmathematical artistphysicistchemistbiologistscientist C A C BAnswer key for exercise 2:Answer key for ex

6、ercise 3:fundamental, astronomy, gave birth to,existed, As a result, atoms, prevents from, puzzle emotional words calm wordsAnswer key for exercise 4:violent angry rude shocked excited crazy patient gentle relaxing kind easy-going calm 1. What he discovered has not yet been proved.The subject Clause

7、3.It is an important topic for research why the earth is becoming warmer.2. Whether other astronomers accept his idea remains a question.真 正 的 主 語(yǔ)形 式 主 語(yǔ) 主 語(yǔ) 從 句 subject clause Find the sentences with the subject clauses from the reading passage in Par.35. Par3.4.It was not immediately obvious that

8、water was to be fundamental to the development of life.5.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water 7.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.Par4.6.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a

9、 mystery.Par5. Complete the sentences using what, whether, where, when, who, why, how or that.1.(_ is needed for success) is your hard work.3.(_ we will go tomorrow )hasnt been decided yet.2.(_ they will arrive )has been told to the teacher.4.(_ can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher.

10、WhatWhen/HowWhere/whetherWho 5.(_ it will rain or not) is not clear.7.(_ the earth is a solid ball) is known to us all.WhetherThat6. (_ the earth is becoming warm) is a good topic for research.Why主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Conclusion: .It was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not. Subject Cl

11、auseSubjectFormed SubjectWhether the solid shape would last or not was not clear. Real引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.Conclusion: ifIf the earth is a solid globeThat is known to us all.It is known to us all that the earth is a solid ball.Use “it” to rewrite two sentences.How life began on

12、 the earth has been learned in the text.It has been learned in the text how life began on the earth.Conclusion: That 在主語(yǔ)從句中不能省略. 1.用 that / whether / if/ /where / how / when /why / who /what/which/ how much / etc. 來(lái)連接主語(yǔ)從句.Summary:3.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首只能用whether,有it作形式主語(yǔ)的whether/if都可以.2.That 在主語(yǔ)從句中不能省略.4.有時(shí)為了使

13、句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免 “頭重腳輕”,常用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.4種句型。5.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 pour into is harmful to our home . What is harmful to our home ?That the factory pours waste water into rivers destroyed the balance of nature .That people cut down too many treescut downWhat destroyed the balance of nature ? pollut

14、es our home .That people throw rubbish everywherethrow everywhereWhat pollutes our home ? makes animals endangered._ people kill too many Antelope for moneykill for moneyWhat makes the Antelope endangered?That _makes Antelope endangered is that people kill too many Antelope.What that與whatwhat在從句中作主語(yǔ)

15、、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),而that則不作句子成分.Conclusion: What makes the birds endangered?makes birds endangered.give off 2.That_smoke3.It is reported thatfactory 1.What makes birds endangered is that _ A:I suggest/ believe that should (not)C: What suggests/ believes is that B:What does he suggest? As a student, we should do

16、 many things to protect our earth. nWhat I want to say is that _.nIt is obvious that _.nThat _ pollutes our earth.nWhy I say so is that _.nHow we can protect it is _.nWhat we should do first is that _. nWhether our earth can be protected depends on _. Only if we care will we help,only if we help sha

17、ll all be saved! 1. Turn the report into a composition using the words and phrases we learned today and Subject clause. confidentdifferentpatientpresent confidencedifferencepatiencepresence 2. Mother always comes back home in time to prepare dinner. at last, finally1. If you keep on, you will succee

18、d in time.not late certain fairpaidkind uncertainunfairunpaidunkind The water from the factory _is harmful to the river.Your smoking is harmful to your childs health. 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞意義lie lay lain lying躺，位于lie lied lied lying撒謊lay laid laid laying擱，放，下蛋The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidD