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1、非謂語動詞考點歸納非謂語動詞考點歸納 非謂語動詞使用條件非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句謂語動詞一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句謂語動詞,又沒有連詞的情況下又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but leftherhandbagonherseat.非謂語動詞的句法功能非謂語動詞的句法功能名稱名稱語語 法法 功功 能能 主語主語賓語賓語賓語補賓語補足語足語表語表語定語定語狀語狀語不定不定式式動名動名詞詞現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞分詞過去過去分詞分詞可充當(dāng)成

2、分可充當(dāng)成分:主語主語,賓語賓語,賓語補足語賓語補足語,表語表語,定語定語,狀狀語語.一、不定式一、不定式1.不定式作主語不定式作主語Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither2.不定式作賓語不定式作賓語Youneedntbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachie

3、vesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedB.C.soundingD.tohavesoundedC.2.Ithinkyoullgrow_himwhenyouknowhim

4、better.D.AlikingBtobelikeE.CtolikeDtobeliking3.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.不定式作表語不定式作表語l lWhatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.l lThemostimportantthingistotakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)主語的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì) Cf.Hei

5、stomarryRose.表按方案要做的事情表按方案要做的事情.4.不定式作定語不定式作定語l lIneedapentowritewith.l lCharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.l lThemeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_inayear.A.followsB.followedB.C.tofollowD.beingfollowed5.不定式作賓語補足語不定式作賓語補足語Weoftenhearhersingthesong

6、athome.Myteacheraskedmetogothereontime.Shewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMyadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake6.不定式作目的狀語不定式作目的狀語Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theath

7、letespractisedhardtowinthematch.相當(dāng)于用相當(dāng)于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的目的狀語目的狀語.1.Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_intimeforChristmas.AinordertohavereceivedBinordertoreceiveCso

8、astobereceivedDsoastobereceiving3._moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.ATofindout BFindingoutCFindoutDHavingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_alookatthesportsstars.A.hadB.having C.tohaveD.have7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語l l常用常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neve

9、rto，so+形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞+asto,such+名詞名詞astodo引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.AtotellBtobetoldCtellingDtold2.Hehurriedtothestati

10、ononly_thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingB.C.foundD.tohavefound8.不定式作原因狀語不定式作原因狀語常放在常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后表示心理感覺的形容詞后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked9.不定式的完成式不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。語動詞發(fā)出的

11、動作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等等動詞常用于上面句型。動詞常用于上面句型。此外，此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要后也接完成時，但要注意與一般時的區(qū)別。注意與一般時的區(qū)別。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.對不起，請

12、稍等。說話時還未等對不起，請稍等。說話時還未等Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。說話時已等了很久對不起，讓你久等了。說話時已等了很久1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedB.C.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imaf

13、raidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveB.C.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft10.不定式的省略現(xiàn)象不定式的省略現(xiàn)象l l不定式在感官動詞不定式在感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和和使役動詞使役動詞have,make,let后作賓語補足語時后作賓語補足語時,不定式省略不定式省略to。l l例例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.l l介詞介

14、詞but,except,besides后接不定式作賓語時，后接不定式作賓語時，介詞前有行為動詞介詞前有行為動詞do,不定式要省去不定式要省去to。l l例例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.l l不定式符號不定式符號to作表語時的省略。當(dāng)主語局部作表語時的省略。當(dāng)主語局部有行為動詞有行為動詞do,作表語的不定式作表語的不定式to可省略。可省略。l l例例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedo

15、neitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoicebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken11.不定式后動詞的省略不定式后動詞的省略 l l動詞動詞love,mean,want,hate,like,wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時，為防止重復(fù)，等后面接不定式時，為防止重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保存常省略與上文相同的動詞，只

16、保存to不定式不定式符號。符號。1.-WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.-_.A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.B.Idloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.C.No,IwouldntD.Thatsallright2.-DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?-Yes,heintends_.A./B.toC.soD.that句式句式wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,oughttohaved

17、one,neednthavedone,usedtobe等省略形式為等省略形式為wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,neednthave,usedtobe,要保存不要保存不定式后的定式后的be或或have。例例-Areyouasailor?-No,butIusedtobe(asailor).二、動名詞二、動名詞l l充當(dāng)成分充當(dāng)成分:主語主語 賓語賓語 表語表語 定語定語1.動名詞作主語動名詞作主語l lSeeingisbelieving.l lPlayingchessisfun.l lItsnousewaitinghere.2.動名詞作表語動名詞作表語 l lTh

18、enursesjobislookingafterthepatients.l lCf.l lThenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.動名詞作賓語動名詞作賓語 l l以下動詞后只能接動名詞：以下動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,canthelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。l lDoyoumindmyopeningthewindows?l l以下動詞短語接動

19、名詞：以下動詞短語接動名詞：l lleaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。l lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.動名詞作定語動名詞作定語 l l動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.l lreadingtextl lasleepingbagl lawalkings

20、tickl lCf.l lrunningwaterl ldevelopedcountryl lIamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.l lSheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.l lHisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.l lIcantreallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1.Themaninsisted_ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.findB.tofindC.onfind

21、ingD.infinding2.Itsnecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having高考點擊高考點擊3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatB.C.whytreatD.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.tolos

22、eB.losingB.C.tobelostD.beinglost三、分詞三、分詞l l現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.l l充當(dāng)成分充當(dāng)成分:l l賓語補足語賓語補足語,表語表語,定語定語,狀語狀語.一現(xiàn)在分詞一現(xiàn)在分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果件、結(jié)果等狀語。等狀語。時間狀語分詞作狀語前面可加時間狀語分詞作狀語前面可加when,while等等Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedwithgreatjoy.原因狀語原因狀語Seeingnobodyathome,hedecidedtol

23、eavethemanote伴隨狀語伴隨狀語Thegirlscamein,followingtheirparents.結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語Thepooroldmandied,leavingnothingtohischildren.l l注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。l l時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時那么用完成時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時那么用完成式式having done。l l語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)那么主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。遵循的

24、規(guī)那么“主主動進行，被動完成。動進行，被動完成。l l人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。的主語。1.Heglancedoverather,_thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.A.notingB.notedB.C.tonoteD.havingnotedC.2._theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.D.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted

25、3Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.AwhohasmadeBhavingmadeCmadeDmaking4Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.AcausedBtohavecausedCtocauseDhavingcaused5_fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.ABeingseparat

26、edBHavingseparatedCHavingbeenseparatedDTobeseparated2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung2ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed3.Theflowers

27、_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt二過去分詞二過去分詞1.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語l l過過去分去分詞詞作狀作狀語語，相當(dāng)于一個狀，相當(dāng)于一個狀語語從從句，用來句，用來說說明原因、明原因、時間時間、條件等。、條件等。1過去分詞作原因狀語過去分詞作原因狀語Tiredbythetrip,hesoonfeelasleep.Lostinthought,healmostranintoacar.2作時間狀語作時間狀語Seenfromtheh

28、ill,thecitylookslikeagarden.3作條件狀語作條件狀語Givenmoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.4伴隨狀語伴隨狀語Theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelooking

29、afterhim.1_withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.ACompareBWhencomparingCComparingDWhencompared2._inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing2.過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany

30、,_as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown2.Thedisc,digitally_inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded3.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid4.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywel

31、l_.AtospendBspentCbeingspentDSpending3.分詞作賓補分詞作賓補l l1)跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等等l l2)在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說在復(fù)合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。動作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的

32、動賓關(guān)系。l lTherewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldntmakehimselfheard.l lWhenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如如:1.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents.A.worriedB.toworryB.C.

33、worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非謂語動詞的其他考點非謂語動詞的其他考點:1.主語一致主語一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2Wh

34、ilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+名詞名詞+doingtododone1.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon2_andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctorshelptoendherlife.AHavinggivenuphopeofcureBWithnohopeforcureCTherebeinghopeforcureDInthehopeofcure