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1、專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十二)　[史地自然型閱讀理解(二)] (限時(shí)：25分鐘) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一) Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using both ph

2、ysical and chemical means. Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are

3、 easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemica

4、ls that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲(chóng)) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicot

5、ine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an anima

6、l to stay away from it in the future. 1．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals________． A．a(chǎn)re not tall enough B．like the lower leaves only C．a(chǎn)re not clever enough D．can get the lower leaves easily 2．To defend themselves, oak trees use________． A．chemical mean

7、s B．physical means C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials 3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar? A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means. B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar. C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine

8、when it is attacked. D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．Plants and animals B．How plants defend themselves C．Attacks and defenses D．How animals eat plant leaves (二) If you are afraid of the dark，it's not a big

9、deal.It's perfectly normal to feel afraid. After all，animals do，too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist.“It's a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.” Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways.A fr

10、ightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell.A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches. Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surpr

11、ising discovery while studying red-eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica. In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps(果凍一樣的塊狀物)of their eggs to the undersides of leaves.The leaves hang on branches that dangle(懸掛)over ponds.After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles(蝌蚪)then fall into the water，whe

12、re they eventually grow into adult frogs. Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching.If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of the schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.

13、 If hatching early helps protect red-eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don't always hatch sooner.It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger.Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them, too.Staying in their eggs for 6 days，then，

14、allows frog embryos(胚胎)to grow big and strong.This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water. 1．It can be inferred from the passage that fears________． A．help animals grow bigger and stronger B．a(chǎn)re less common among young animals C．help animals move a lot to fit the environme

15、nt D．a(chǎn)re more or less important for animals to survive 2．We are told in the passage that tree frogs________． A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later C．a(chǎn)re surprisingly clever when inside their eggs D．stay in their eggs longer if

16、they are frightened 3．What is the best title of the passage? A．What is fear? B．Why do we feel afraid? C．You feel afraid；animals do, too D．Fear is a good thing 4．What would be discussed in the following paragraph? A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of the schedule. B．How

17、the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them. C．Another example of animals that respond to fear in an unexpected way. D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water. (三) Earlier this year, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a stricter nat

18、ionwide health standard for smog-causing pollutants that would bring substantial benefits to millions of Americans. With a final rule expected by the end of this month, some opponents, mainly from industrial and oil-producing states, are pushing back. They say investments required to produce cleaner

19、 air are too expensive and not scientifically justified. Lisa Jackson, the E．P.A.administrator, needs to stick to her guns. This is only the first of several political tests to come this fall, as she also seeks to tighten rules governing individual pollutants like mercury and global warming gases l

20、ike carbon dioxide. The health standard she is proposing covers ground-level ozone, commonly known as smog, which is formed when sunlight mixes with pollutants from factories, refineries, power plants and automobiles. Ozone is a major health threat, contributing to heart disease and various respira

21、tory (呼吸道的) problems. Ms Jackson's proposal—to reduce the permitted level of smog in the air from the current 75 parts per billion to between 60 parts per billion and 70 parts per billion—is sensible, no matter what industry's defenders may claim. It had been recommended by the agency's independent

22、 scientific panel but rejected by the Bush administration, which proposed a weaker standard. Industry will have to make investments in cleaner power plants, and new technologies may be required. As it is, about half the countries that monitor ozone levels are not yet in compliance with current stan

23、dards, let alone the proposed standard. Fears about burdening industry raised by critics like George Voinovich, a Republican of Ohio, and Mary Landrieu, a Democrat of Louisiana, cannot be dismissed out of hand, especially in the middle of a recession (蕭條). But the health benefits, E．P.A.says, far o

24、utweigh the costs, and the time frame for compliance is generous. 1．Why are some people strongly against a stricter limitation of smog-caused pollutants? A．Because they have to live a poorer life. B．Because they think they have to spend more money. C．Because they hold different political views.

25、 D．Because they want to make more money. 2．What does Ms Jackson propose to do? A．To reduce the permitted smog level as much as possible. B．To raise the permitted smog level as much as possible. C．To keep the permitted smog level from 60 to 70 to 75 parts per billion. D．To lower the permitted sm

26、og level from 75 to 60 to 70 parts per billion. 3．What is the attitude of the author to the smog-controlling issue? A．Objective. B．Subjective. C．Critical. D．Unknown. 4．Which of the following can serve as the best title of the whole passage? A．Cleaner power plants on the way B．Say no to smog

27、pollutants C．Lower smog pollutants, better our life D．Debate on smog pollutants 專(zhuān)題限時(shí)訓(xùn)練(二十二) (一) 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的。 1．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“For example，the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals…because the lower leaves are easier for most

28、animals to reach.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Some plants，such as the oak tree，have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat.”可知。故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“When a caterpillar (毛蟲(chóng)) bites a tobacco leaf，the leaf produces a chemical messenger.This messenger sends to the roots the informa

29、tion to produce more nicotine.”可知樹(shù)根分泌出更多的nicotine。故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．B　主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是不能移動(dòng)的植物是如何保護(hù)自己的。故B項(xiàng)正確。 (二) 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文主要論述的是恐懼是人類(lèi)和動(dòng)物常見(jiàn)的一種現(xiàn)象，有時(shí)恐懼是一件好事。動(dòng)物對(duì)于恐懼的反應(yīng)是不同的，有些反應(yīng)方式甚至超乎人們的想象。 1．D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)“…because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”可知D項(xiàng)正確。 2．A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“If they sense that a hungry sna

30、ke is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule.”和“Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them，too.”可知，它們?cè)诜趸陂g害怕蛇的攻擊，在水里害怕被其他動(dòng)物吃掉。故選A項(xiàng)。 3．D　主旨大意題。文章通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明害怕是一件好事。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．C　篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)“Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not exp

31、ect.The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs.”可知，既然這是舉例，有了第一個(gè)例子，那么它的后面還會(huì)有例子。故選C項(xiàng)。 (三) 【要點(diǎn)綜述】本文論述了美國(guó)的環(huán)境保護(hù)局提出，為了人們的健康，要求各公司各企業(yè)采取措施，減少污染物的排放。可是，提議遭到了一些企業(yè)主的反對(duì)，他們認(rèn)為排污的設(shè)備和技術(shù)的投資太大，一些批評(píng)家也說(shuō)在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期要做到減少排污量很難。 1．B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“They say investments required to

32、 produce cleaner air are too expensive and not scientifically justified.”可知減少污染的投資太大。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ms Jackson's proposal—to reduce the permitted level of smog in the air from the current 75 parts per billion to between 60 parts per billion and 70 parts per billion—is sensible，no matter what industry's defenders may claim.”可知選D項(xiàng)。 3．A　作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“As it is，about half the countries that monitor ozone levels are not yet in compliance with current standards，let alone the proposed standard.”可知，作者只是客觀地描述事實(shí)，所以A項(xiàng)正確。 4．C　標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)整篇短文的意思可知，作者在倡導(dǎo)減少污染，還人們美好的生活，故選C項(xiàng)。