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1、專題10 名詞和冠詞【2020年】1.（2020新課標I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名詞。句意：月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞，interest是不可數(shù)名詞，be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故

2、填interest。2.（2020新課標I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】將chopstick改為chopsticks【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：下一步我把雞蛋打到一個碗里，然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞，意為“筷子”，通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，故將chopstick改為chopsticks。3.（2020新課標II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter seas

3、on and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名詞。句意：中國新年是一個慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。4.（2020新課標II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】將vacations改為vacation【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意：幸運的是，兩周后我就要回家過暑假。分析句子，vacation譯為“假期”是個不可數(shù)名詞，后面不可加s表示復(fù)數(shù)。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將

4、vacations改為vacation。5.（2020新課標III卷）Filled with 64 (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名詞。句意：懷著好奇心，藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開了。with為介詞，后跟名詞curiosity作賓語，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。6. （2020江蘇卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservationB. transformati

5、onC. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多國家的衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A. reservation預(yù)訂；B. transformation改革，變革；C. distinction區(qū)別；D. submission提交。根據(jù)前文The health security systems可知，此處指“衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)的變革”。故選B。7.（2020山東卷）Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名詞。句意:歷史的準確性很

6、重要，但娛樂也很重要。此處做主語，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準確性”。故填accuracy。8.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the 62 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63（making） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分

7、析句子，提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons?！?019年】1.【2019江蘇卷】Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今，旅行的重點從購物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；B. potential潛在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，撫恤金。故選A。2.【2

8、019天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強烈的影響。 statement“陳述說明”； impact“強烈的影響，沖擊力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。3.【2019新課標I卷】Of _69_ nine

9、teen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。4【2019新課標I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almos

10、t hit me.【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞，前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn)，故在football前加a；考查連詞。句意：突然一個足球落在我前邊并且差點打到我?！白闱蚵湎聛怼迸c“打到我”兩個動作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。5.【2019浙江卷】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。【2018年】1.【2018天津】The_ that there is li

11、fe on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀請。故選C。2. 【2018新課標卷I】Two of the authors of the

12、review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。3. 【2018新課標卷I】During my last winter holiday，I w

13、ent to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the考查冠詞。去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故加定冠詞the?！窘馕觥縞ountryside前加the考查冠詞。去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故加定冠詞the。4. 【2018新課標卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years，while rice has increased only

14、7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。5. 【2018新課標卷III】Unexpectedly，Im face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫

15、。6. 【2018新課標卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根據(jù)語境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。7. 【2018浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名詞

16、。此處指中國菜，表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填dishes。8. 【2018浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問題，用名詞修飾problems，故填weight?！?017年】1. 【2017新課標卷I】As 65 result，people will eat more food to try t

17、o make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示結(jié)果。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。2. 【2017新課標卷II 】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。因為crowd為可數(shù)名詞，并且其前沒有限定詞，所

18、以此處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. 【2017新課標卷II 】This included digging up the road，laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個結(jié)實的頂，所以在 top前加the?！?016年】1.【2016浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income

19、 C. credit D. status【答案】C【解析】句意：準時付電費很重要，因為付晚了會影響你的信用。condition條件；income收入；credit學(xué)分，信用（卡）；status地位。根據(jù)句意故選C。2.【2016天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】句意：天氣預(yù)報說今天會是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影響；B.感覺；C.改變；D.機會，可能性。故選D。3

20、.【2016浙江】_prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】句意：這個比賽獲勝者的獎品是一個巴黎的兩個星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“獲勝者的獎品”，用定冠詞，第二空是泛指“一個兩周的假期”，用不定冠詞a。故選A。4.【2016江蘇】 Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full，definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條。根據(jù)句意可知A項秘訣符合題意。