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1、,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,a boy,，,has a scar,，,forehead,Harry Porter is a boy _ _.,who/that,has a scar on his forehead,The boy is Harry Porter.,Harry Porter has a scar on his forehead.,The city,_,_,is Beijing.,Beijing is the city _,_,whichthat,hosted the 2008,Olympic Games,The cit

2、y host(,舉辦,)2oo8 Olympic Games Beijing,whichthat,hosted the 2008,Olympic Games,在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一,名詞,或者,代詞,用作定語(yǔ)的句子就叫做,定語(yǔ)從句,。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞，叫,先行詞,。,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫做,_,或,_,。,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：,定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞：,who,whom,whose,which,that,關(guān)系副詞：,when,where,why,“,關(guān)系代詞”,“,關(guān)系副詞”,定語(yǔ)從句的位置,定語(yǔ)從句一定放在被修飾的成分之后。,e.g.,This is,the car,which he boug

3、ht last year,.,先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句,Do you know the doctor?,He spoke just now.,Do you know the doctor,who spoke just now,?,現(xiàn)在我們將常用的,關(guān)系代詞,的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能總結(jié)如下：,關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有三大作用，即,連接,（連接定語(yǔ)從句和主句）、,替代,（替代前面的 先行詞）、,成分,（在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分）。,指代人,指代物,指代人和物,主語(yǔ),（不可省略）,who,/that,which,/that,that,賓語(yǔ),(,可省略,),whom/who,/that(有無(wú)介詞)

4、,which,/that,that,定語(yǔ),whose,(=of whom),whose,(=of which),在從句,中的作用,指代,功能,He is the student,_,you,want to,see.,關(guān)系代詞,that,which,whom,在從句中作,賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略掉。但放在介詞后面時(shí)則,不可省略，有介詞的時(shí)候不用that。,(,whom,who,that,),定語(yǔ)從句三步：,第一找出先行詞,第二看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的,語(yǔ)法功能（做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)）,第三選擇合適的關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系代詞,:,1.who,指人,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),(,作賓語(yǔ)可省略）,The man,who,I talked

5、 with,is our teacher.,和我談話的那個(gè)人，是我們的老師。,2.whom,指人,作賓語(yǔ),(,作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如介詞提前則不能省,),The man,(whom/who),I nodded to,is Mr.Li.,我對(duì)他點(diǎn)頭的那個(gè)男人是李先生。,當(dāng)先行詞是,one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those,等,指人時(shí)一般用,who,不用,that,。,e.g.,Those,who,want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.,3.which,指物，,作主語(yǔ)或

6、賓語(yǔ),(,作賓語(yǔ)可省略,如,介詞提前則不能省,),These are the trees,which,were planted last year,.,This recorder,（,which,）,he is using,is made in,Japan.,這些是去年種植的樹。,這個(gè)他正在使用的錄音機(jī)是日本產(chǎn)的。,4.,that,指人,/,物，,作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),(,作賓語(yǔ)可省略）,A plane is a machine.It can fly.,A plane is a,machine,that,can fly,.,He is the man.I told you about him.,He

7、is the man,(that/who/whom),I told you about,.,5.,whose,在定從中,作定語(yǔ),，表所屬關(guān)系，,翻譯為,“,他的,/,她的,/,它的,”,，用來(lái)代替,his,，,her,，,their,，,its.,whose,指人也指物，,指物時(shí),=,of which,指人時(shí),=,of whom,This is the book,cover,is blue,.,This is the book,the,cover,is blue,.,這是一本藍(lán)色封面的書。,whose,of which,1.who,指,_,作,_,（成分）,2.whom,指,_,作,_,（成分

8、）,3.which,指,_,，,作,_,（成分）,4.,that,指,_,，作,_,（成分）,5.,whose,作,_(,成分,),，表,_,關(guān)系，,譯為,_,，用來(lái)代替,_.,whose,指人也指物，,指物時(shí),=,_,指人時(shí),=,_,人,主、賓,人,賓,主、賓,主、賓,物,人、物,定語(yǔ),所屬,“,他的,/,她的,/,它的”,，,His/her/their/its,of which,of whom,如何選擇關(guān)系代詞,?,who,whom,whose,which,that,口訣,:,前看,先行詞,辯清人或物,后看,從句里,有無(wú)主賓語(yǔ),This is the film,which,I saw la

9、st night.,This is the film,whose,name is,Titanic,.,The man and the woman,whom,you see in the picture,are Jack and Lucy.,Here are two pictures,that,are taken from the film.,Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine,who,loved each other very much,in the film.,the Attributive Clause,who,指,hero,和,heroi

10、ne,，作主語(yǔ),whom,指,man,和,woman,，作賓語(yǔ),whose,指,電影的,，作定語(yǔ),that,指圖片，作主語(yǔ),which,指,電影,，作賓語(yǔ),用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空,：,This is the house _ was built last year,The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.,The car _ my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.,4.That is the man _ we were looking for.,which/that,(wh

11、om/that/who),(which/that),(whom/that),考點(diǎn)：,that,和,which,的選擇,(1)that,指物時(shí)一般可以與,which,互換，但在下列情況,引導(dǎo)詞只用,that,，不用,which,。,當(dāng)先行詞為,all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing,等不定代詞時(shí)，如：,a.All,that,can be done has been done.,b.I am sure she has something,(that),you can borrow.,c.There is litt

12、le,(that),the enemy can do besides surrender.,先行詞被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,修飾時(shí),：,Ive read,all,the books,(that),you gave me.,考點(diǎn)：,that,和,which,的選擇,先行詞是,序數(shù)詞,或,形容詞最高級(jí),修飾時(shí)。,This is,the best,book,(that),Ive ever read.,This is,the first,composition,(that)he has written in English.,先行詞被,the only,t

13、he very,the last,修飾時(shí)。,That white flower is,the only,one (that)I really like.,This is,the,very,book(that)I want to find.,當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示,人和物,的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用,that,而不用,who(whom),和,which,引導(dǎo)。如：,He talked about the,teachers and schools,（,that,）,he had visited.,這是我看過(guò)的最好的一本書。,這是他用英文寫的第一篇作文。,先行詞是疑問詞,who,which,w

14、hat,時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用,that,而不用,who,(whom),和,which,引導(dǎo)。,考點(diǎn)：,that,和,which,的選擇,Who is the person,that is standing at the gate?,Which of us,that knows something about physics,does not know this?,What,that is on the table,belongs to me?,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：,Mary is no longer the girl,(that)she used to be.,China is no lon

15、ger the country,that it used to be.,考點(diǎn)：,as,與,which,引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納：,1,、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用,as,也可以用,which.,He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.,She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact she is.,Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.,2,、,如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用,as,而不用,which,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。,如：,As we a

16、ll know,his parents were killed in the war.,As we all know,the earth is round,.,3.,用于the sameas,suchas，asas,soas中，,一般用as。,e.g.,Such,books,as you tell me,are interesting.,This is,the same,book,as I lent you yesterday.,4.,as,代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如,正像”之意，而,which,沒有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是,expect,know,see,think,want,suppose,等，,which,可以代表,整個(gè)句子,的內(nèi)容，有“這一點(diǎn)，這件事”之意。,He won the match,as we had expected.,He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.,He came back late,which made his mother worried.,考點(diǎn)：,as,與,which,引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,Here is