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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,*,*,Grammar,Noun Clauses,Noun Clauses,Subject,Object,Predicative,Appositive,Clause,1.,You know,that I am a teacher of English.,2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all .,3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.,4. The fact tha

2、t I am a teacher of English is known to,you all.,5. I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.,6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in,the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in,the e

3、xam.,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Subject Clause,Predicative Clause,Appositive Clause,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,Subject Clause,What I am worried about,The Subject Clause:,1.,Whether it is true,rem

4、ains a problem.,2.That she was chosen,made us very happy.,3.What I can do,is to tell you the truth.,4.How the book will sell,depends on its author.,5.Whoever told you that,was lying.,6.It was obvious,that the driver couldnt control his car.,Questions:,1.,Can we use “if” instead of “whether”?,2. What

5、s the difference between “that” and “what”?,3.When the Subject Clause is too long, what should we do?,4.Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Subject,Clause?,The Object Clause:,1.,They thought,that the question was too difficult.,2.Im certain,that he will get there in time.,3.She has made it

6、 clear,that she does an important job.,4.,Ill do,whatever you ask me to.,5.Do you know,whether hell come or not?,6.,Do you know,if/whether any decision has been arrived,at?,Questions:,1.,Can the conjunction “that” be left out in the Object,Clause?,2.Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the fifth,

7、sentence?,The Predicative Clause:,1.,It looks,as if it were going to rain.,2.That is,why he failed the exam.,3. Lishui is not,what it used to be.,4. The reason for his absence was,that he was ill.,5. What she wants to know is,which book she should buy.,6. The question is,whether we should accept his

8、 invitation.,1.,Can we use “because” in place of “that” in the,fourth sentence,2. Can we use “if” instead of “whether” in the sixth,sentence,The Appositive Clause:,1.,I have no idea,when he will arrive.,2.Word has come from the capital,that President,Hu Jingtao will come to visit our school,.,3.The

9、suggestion,that we should follow his advice,was accepted at last.,Besides “idea, word,suggestion”, can you list more words?,The news which they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.,The news that our football team won excited us.,The news that we got excited us.,that our football team

10、won,excited us,.,that we got,Appositive Clause,Attributive Clause,“,that,”,在同位語從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用,一般不可省略。,在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，做賓語時可以省略。,Identify the type of clause in the following sentences,Conjunctions of Noun Clauses:,連接詞,連接代詞,連接副詞,what, whatever, who, whoever,whom, whose, which,that, whether, if, as if

11、(as though),when, where, how, why,（狀語）,(主語、賓語）,Tell whether the following clauses are right:,1.,That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.,2.He will give up his job surprises all of us.,3. No matter who breaks the law will be punished.,4.If the meeting will be held in our school is not kn

12、own yet.,5.He is said that he has accepted the invitation.,What ,That ,Whoever,Whether,It,Tell whether the following clauses are right:,6.,The reason why he was late was because his bike broke,down halfway.,7.I dont doubt whether/if he will come soon.,8. He told me the news which was very exciting.,

13、9.After that seemed a long time, he came back to life.,10.He told me the news if our team won the match.,that,that ,what,that,Choose the best answers:,1. 1989,These photographs will show you,.,A. what does our village look like,B. what our village looks like,C. how does our village look like,D. how

14、our village looks like,2. 1992Word has come,some American,guests will come for a visit to our school next week.,what B. that C. whether D. when,3. 2004,全國卷,I I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.,A. this B. that C. it D. one,4. 1995,is a fact that English is being,accepted as

15、an international language,A.There B. This C. That D. It,5. 1996,we cant get seems better,than,we have.,6. 1999 I drove to,Zhuhai,for the air show last week., Is that,you had a few days off?,A. why B. when C. what D. where,7. 04,湖南卷,I think Father would like to know_I,ve,been up to so far, so I decid

16、e to send him a quick note.,A. which B. why C. what D. how,What , what B. What, that,C. That ,that D. That , what,8.2001,A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.,A. how B. after C. what D. when,9.2004,全國卷,IYou are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.,10. 2005

17、,浙江卷,Danby,left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.,A. who B. that C. as D. which,11. 04,天津卷,A modern city has been set up in_ was,a wasteland ten years ago.,A. what B. which C. that D. where,12. 04,上海卷,After Yang,Liwei,succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desir

18、e to do is walk in space.,A. where B. what C. that D. how,why B. where C. what D. how,Complete the following sentences:,1.,_,_(,毫無疑問),the prices of cars will go down.,2.The idea_,(,電腦能識別人的聲音),surprises many people.,3.I have no idea _ (,該選哪一個).,4.,The problem_ (,我們是否做這個實驗),has been solved.,5.The ques

19、tion_(,誰將出國),needs considering.,There is no doubt that,that computers can recognize human voices,which one I should choose,whether we will do the experiment,who will go abroad,Complete the following sentences(,page 119,):,S1:Professor, I want to know,（50,年后我們的日常生活會是什么樣）,S2:Dr Smart, my question is,(

20、,全球變暖對地球會有什么影響).,S3:Professor, can you predict,(,污染能否被制止住),S4:Dr Smart,I want to know,(,將來我們會不會有足夠的食物供養(yǎng)不斷增長的人口),what our daily life will be,like after 50 years.,what effects global warming will have on us.,whether pollution will ever,be stopped?,whether we will have enough,food to feed the growing p

21、opulation.,Complete the following sentences(,page 119,):,S5:Professor Smart, my question is,（,太空航行什么時候能變得既簡便又便宜）,S6: Professor, who will win the debate on,(,是否應該允許克隆人類),S7: Dr Smart, I would like to know,(,會不會有更多無法治愈的疾病),S8: Professor, what is your prediction about,(,地球什么時候死亡),when space travel will

22、 become easy and inexpensive.,whether human,cloning should be allowed?,whether there will be more incurable diseases.,when the,earth will die?,Practice2:,Join two sentences into an Appositive Clause.,1.,The fact,that two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers

23、 a lot.,2.,We heard the news last night,that the British Prime,Minister,was on a three-day visit in China.,3.,The view,that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time,online,is shared by many British parents.,4.,There is no scientific proof for the idea,that mobile,phones stop teenagers from spending mo

24、ney on dresses,on cigarettes.,5.,The suggestion,that Chinese students should be given,more free time to themselves,is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.,Language Revision,consist of,make the most of,have an influence on,be of great value,on the basis of,be made up of,make full use of

25、,have an effect on,be valuable,be based on,Making sentences according to the situation:,Your class has 9 girls and 48 boys.,(consist of),The class only lasts 40 minutes,(make the most of),You talked with him and was inspired.,( have an influence on),The advice she gave you on learning was important.

26、,(be of+n),The TV play is about wars.,(on the basis of),Sentences analysis,The idea,that England stands for Fish &Chips, Speakers Corner and the Tower of London,is past,.,Appositive Clause,The fact,that Great Britain is made up of three countries,is still unknown to many.,The result of so much Frenc

27、h influence was,that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,Predicative,Clause,That most of these are now threatened and may disappear,is a serious matter to the people in Britain.,Subject,Clause,They realise,that it is of great value to record and teach them to the young

28、er generation.,Object Clause,Some people feel,that Wales is an ancient fairy land.,Practice 1:,The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.,The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.,that the plane would take off on time,that is spreading a

29、round the airport,that a heavy storm is coming.,Appositive Clause,Attributive Clause,Predicative,Clause,The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.,The suggestion that they are considering is,that students should learn something practical.,that students should

30、 learn something,practical,that they are considering,that students should learn something practical.,Appositive Clause,Attributive Clause,Predicative,Clause,1.,John said,that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.,2. It is very important that we learn English well .,3. The problem is,that he often

31、tells lies.,4. I will tell her as soon as she comes.,5. The birthday present that he gave me was a car.,6. That the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to all,.,that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.,that we learn English well,that he often tells lies.,That the 2008 Olympic Gam

32、es will be held in Beijing,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Predicative Clause,Subject Clause,Adverbial Clause,as soon as she comes,.,that he gave me,Attributive Clause,Can you tell the function of the following clauses:,定語從句,一、引導定語從句的關系詞,指代人,who，whom，that,指代事物,which，that,所屬關系,whose，of which,指地點,where,指

33、時間,when,指原因,why,二、關系代詞,that,和,which,在很多情況下可以互換，但下列情況只用,that。,All _ can be done has been done.,Do you have anything _ you dont understand ?,There is little _ can be believed about it .,The book doesnt say much _ amuses children,.,that,that,that,that,先行詞是,all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,muc

34、h,little,none,等不定代詞，引導定語從句用,that 。(something,有時可用,which),Hamburg is the most beautiful city _Ive ever seen.,This is the best TV _ is made in China.,The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,that,先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時，引導定語從句用,that 。,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,No

35、sample _ we nave received is satisfactory.,Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.,He is the only person _ was present at the time.,that,that,that,that,先行詞被,any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last,修飾時，引導定語從句用,that 。,The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadc

36、ast have aroused great interest among the students.,A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.,that,that,先行詞中既有人又有事物時，引導定語從句用,that .,Who _ you have ever seen can do it better ?,Who _ you are talking to is the young fellow ?,that,that,Who,做先行詞時，引導定語從句用,that 。,Well done !,三、不用

37、,that，,而用,which，who，whom,的情況,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry.,Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .,Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.,My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.,which,which,who,who

38、m,在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用,which，,指人用,who,或,whom。,Her bag ,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.,This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.,Xiao Wang, with _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.,which,which,whom,在介詞后面，指事物用,which，,指人用,whom。,注意：如何判斷介詞,The girl _ which he had fought all his lif

39、e no longer seemed important to him.,He is the man _ whom I think you can depend .,1、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配,for,on,2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, _

40、all of which activities dolphins are expert.,with,in,3、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞 搭配,The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.,This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.,at,in the front of,The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women.,The book contains 50 poems,

41、most of _ were written in 1930s.,There are two left, one of _ is almost finished, and the other of _ is not quite.,I have a sentence, the meaning of _ I dont understand.,whom,which,which,which,which,名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+,of +which/whom,where,引導的定語從句,。,先行詞是表示地點的名詞或含有地點意義的抽象名詞，用,where,引導定語從句,在從句做狀語。,This is the t

42、own,where,(= in which ) I spent my childhood,.,The table,where,(= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.,Can you think of a situation,where,you may use this expression?,注意 1,若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用,which,或,that,引導定語從句。,The library _ students often study was on fire last night.,The library, _ was built in the

43、 1930s,needs repairing.,The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.,where,which,which,注意 2,區(qū)分,where,引導的定語從句和狀語從句,where,前面有被修飾的地點名詞時，是定語從句，否則是狀語從句。,When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot,where,you have any questions.,When you read books , you had better make a mark,whe

44、re,you have any questions.,when,引導的定語從句。,先行詞是表示時間的名詞，用,when,引導定語從句,在從句作狀語。,Ill never forget the day,when,(= on which ) I met you.,This was the time,when,( =at which ) he left for Beijing .,We will put off the outing until next week,when,we wont be busy.,注意:,若定語從句缺主語或賓語，用,which,或,that,引導定語從句。,Ill nev

45、er forget the day _ we first met in the park.,Ill never forget the time _ I sent on campus.,Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.,when,whichthat,whichthat,why,引導的定語從句。,先行詞是表示原因的名詞，用引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。,This is the reason,why,( = for which ) I didnt come here.,The reason,_,she gave was not true.

46、,whichthat,whose,引導的定語從句。,表示所屬關系。,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.,A.whose backgrounds,B.the backgrounds of whom,C.of whom the backgrounds,D.the backgrounds of whose,Adverbial Clause,時間狀語從句,1.,I was reading when my

47、 mother came in.,2. Dont go out before I come back .,3. Ill give you a phone as soon as I come back.,4. The moment the button is pressed the machine starts.,5. I waited for him until he came back.,when, as, while, after, before , after, until, till, as soon as , the moment,_,_,_,_,_,表示“一就.”的句型,1,as

48、soon as,2. on doing/on ones n,3. no sooner (had done) than (did),hardly .(had done) when(did),scarcely (had done) when (did),The thief was caught _ _ _ he arrived in Dalian.,_ _ in Dalian, the thief was caught.,Hardly _ the thief _ in Dalian _ he was caught.,The thief _ _ _ _in Dalian than he was ca

49、ught.,The thief _ _ _ in Dalian _ he was caught.,as,soon,as,On,arriving,had,arrived,when,had,no,sooner,arrived,had,scarcely,arrived,when,when/while/as/during/before,He was laughing _ he was having his meal.,_he left school at fourteen, he began to make a living by himself.,_ a young man, he went to

50、France for French.,Beijing looks beautiful especially _ autumn.,He was about to leave _ the telephone rang.,It will be a long time _ we see each other again.,He is very poor _his brother is rich.,_ taking a walk in the street, he saw an accident.,as,When,As,during,when,before,while,When/while,地點狀語從句

51、,1.,Put the box where it is .,2. I will follow you wherever you go.,where, wherever,1.,The light went out, because the oil was out.,2. As it is raining, Ill not go out.,3. The days breaks ,for the birds are singing.,4. Since you insist, Ill go.,5. Now that you have finished your work, you may go now

52、.,_,_,原因狀語,_,_,_,_,_,since, because, as, for ,now that,since/as/for/because,1. ,Why didnt he come yesterday ?,-_ he had something important to do .,2. It must have rained last night ,_ the ground is wet.,3. _ everybody is here, lets begin the meeting.,4. _ the weather is fine, wed better go swimming

53、.,5.It is _ he was ill that he did not come today.,Because,for,Since,As,because,目的狀語從句,Ill speak slowly so that you can follow me.,They set out early in order that they might arrive on time.,He took the umbrella in case it rained.,He worked day and night in order to succeed.,He raised his voice so a

54、s to be heard.,so that , in order that, so as to , in order to ,in case,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,結果狀語從句,He worked so hard that he passed the exam.,He is such a good boy that all love him.,such that, so that .so that,such.as /suchthat /so.as /so .that,Tonny,is _ clever a boy _everyone likes.,Tonny,is _a clever

55、boy _everyone likes him.,There are _ many good things _ our students expect.,They are _ little boys _ everyone likes them.,The West Lake has _ attractive scenery _everyone is eager to go to.,_,_,so,as,such,that,so,as,such,that,such,as,讓步狀語從句,Although the TV set was very expensive, I still bought it.

56、,No matter what happened, he shouldnt give up.,Even if the weather is bad, well make a trip.,Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone.,although, though, whoever, no matter who, even if (though), as,_,_,_,_,as,1.,Child,as he is, the boy knows everything.,2,Proud,as he is, he is afraid to see me.,3.,T

57、ry,as I might, I couldnt finish the work.,4.,Hard,as he works, he couldnt succeed.,adj/adv,v + as + clause,n,although/though/as/even if /in spite of /despite,1. _ she is young, she knows quite a lot.,2 Clever _ he is , he doesnt study well.,3. Nobody believed him _ his explanation.,4. She returned t

58、o her old habit of smoking, _ I had persuaded her to give up.,5. He said he would come ; he didnt ，_.,6. Try to be honest to others , or you wont be happy _ you are rich.,Although/though,as,despite /in spite of,though,though,even if,條件狀語從句,Tell me about it if you have time.,Dont speak unless you are

59、 asked to.,Suppose (supposing) he is ill, what shall we do ？,Youll do all right, as long as you follow his advice.,if, unless, as long as , suppose, supposing,provided that,_,_,_,_,狀語從句中的省略,狀語從句的省略原則主要是：如果從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致，就可以經(jīng)過一定的變動把狀語從句中的主語和謂語的一部分或全部省略，從而使語言更加簡潔、明了?，F(xiàn)就把各種狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象列舉如下：,一、時間狀語從句中的省略,When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.,她很小時，就開始學習彈鋼琴。,While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.,我在上大學時就開始認識他，一個奇怪但有能力的學生。,When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send