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1、,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,#,Immunity&Disease,Ch 38,Immunity=protection against an invading foreign substance,Disease/Health,Disease:=,“,dis-ease”,Imbalance,Chronic=long term,Acute=short term,Caused by pathogen

2、s environment,genetics,poor nutrition,Health:,Homeostasis,Proper exercise,Nutrition,Stress relief,Strong Immune System=,Natural Defense,Pathogen/Host,Pathogen:,“pathos”=suffering,Disease causing agent,Bacteria,Virus,Protist parasite,Fungus,Mold,Host=“hostess”of the,Pathogen party!,Innate versus Acqu

3、ired Immunity,Innate=Early defenses:,WBC=Phagocytes&Macrophages,Skin,Tears,Saliva,Mucus,Sweat,Histamines=swelling,Acquired=Build up Resistance:,Immune response,Lymph system,Antibody,/,Cellular,immunity,=type of cells involved,Passive/Active=,type of exposure,The Skin,:Innate Immunity,Acquired Immuni

4、ty,Immune System,Specific,Active,=Natural exposure elicits immune response or,vaccination,Passive,=from mother or injection of antibodies,Cells of the Immune Response,Type of cell,Innate/Acquired,Function,Basophil,Eosinophil,Neutrophil,Innate,=early defenses,WBC in the,blood,Attack antigens,As phago

5、cytes=(surround&destroy),Macrophage,Innate,WBC in,tissues,Attack antigens,As phagocytes,T-cells Helper,Killer,Memory,Acquired,Cellular immunity,Antibody immunity,Communicate,Destroy,Remember,B-Memory,Plasma,Acquired,Antibody immunity,Remember,Make antibodies,Antibodies,Antibody immunity,Bind to anti

6、gens,Macrophage(WBC)engulfs a bacterium in the immune system:,Lymph system,:fluids&Macrophage WBC with lymph nodes,Antibody/Antigen,Antigen:,Invading foreign substance,Pathogen or,Toxic chemical,Elicits the immune response,Antibody:,“anti”=against,Bodys reaction to an antigen invasion,Blood protein,

7、Made in the immune response by plasma B cells,Green antibody battles a red antigen!,Antigen-antibody complex:,Unique chemical fit,Once infected the anti body“memory”is stored=,Immunity or protection when invaded again,Hybrid cell producing antibodies,:,Virulence/Toxin,Virulence:,“strength”of a patho

8、gen to over come the immune defenses,Amount&entry,Length of exposure,Individuals health,Toxin:,“toxic”,Harmful substance,Living or dead,Cause disease,STD,Eubacterium,Virus,Syphilis,X,X,Chlamydeous,X,X,Gonorrhea,X,x,Herpes,X,X,HIV,X,x,Aids(death),no,By common diseases,When the immune system fails,Col

9、d,x,Flu,x,Strep throat,x,AIDS=break down of the immune system&death due to common diseases versus death by AIDS virus,Strep bacteria of Rheumatic Fever,Germ Theory,Microorganisms can cause disease,Microorganism=tiny unseen organism,Louis Pasteur in mid 1800s,Infection:,A growth of a disease causing

10、organism:,In the host,Depends upon the,:,Persons health,Amount of infection,Environmental conditions,Disinfectant:,Chemicals that kill disease causing microorganisms,Use to sterilize wounds&tools,Discovered by Lister,“Listerine”mouthwash,Medicinal Leeches&Blood letting:,Skull boring to drive out evi

11、l spirits of an ill person!,Penicillin mold anti-bactericide:,Kochs Postulates:,Rules demonstrating,microorganisms,cause disease:,Isolate germ,Grow it in culture,Inject it,Look for the disease,Infectious disease:,Disease transmitted from one individual to another,Spread by,Water,Air,Direct contact,T

12、uberculosis Lung Disease,Carrier:,Carry the disease,But show NO symptoms,Infectious&spread the disease,Staphylococcus Bacteria,Causes sore throat,Spread by carriers,Also pimples,Cleanliness is important,Coccus=Round shaped bacteria,Toxin:,Poisons produced by an organism,Causes harm to other organisms,Example:,Tetanus bacteria,Poison Brazilian darts,Other microorganisms&disease:,Viruses,HIV virus,Flu virus,Polio virus,Protozoans,Amebic dysentery,Malaria,Fungi,Athletes foot,Ringworm,Yeast infections,Yeast Infections:,Cynobacteria&Heterotoph,Salmonella Eats others,Makes its own food!,