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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,大豆進口貿(mào)易實務節(jié)選,大豆進口貿(mào)易實務節(jié)選大豆進口貿(mào)易實務節(jié)選大豆進口貿(mào)易實務（節(jié)選）基本術語FOB=FREE ON BOARD 離岸價,CNF=COST N FREIGHT到岸價,FLAT 實價,BASIS 基差,CBOT 芝加哥商品期貨交易所,DCE大連商品期貨交易所,SPREAD 跨月差,CNF,合同,FOSFAFederati

2、on of Oils,Seeds and Fats Association,GAFTAGrain And Feed Trading Association,價格組成背景,美國豆農(nóng),CBOT,壓榨商,貿(mào)易商,FOMULAR,公式,CBOT,（芝加哥期貨）,+,CNF(PREMIUM)(,升貼水）,=,FLAT,（實價）,PREMIUM/BASIS,價差,大,豆,價,格,人民幣,/,噸,芝,加,哥,大,連,芝,加,哥,2,500,？,？,美,灣,2,600,？,？,大,連,2,500,？,？,黑,龍,江,2,300,？,？,北,京,2,550,？,？,PREMIUM/BASIS,價差,大,豆,價,

3、格,人民幣,/,噸,芝,加,哥,大,連,芝,加,哥,2,500,0,0,美,灣,2,600,100,100,大,連,2,500,0,0,黑,龍,江,2,300,-200,-200,北,京,2,550,50,50,公式的推論：,CBOT,（芝加哥期貨）不等于,FLAT,（實價）,假設,FLAT,（實價）為,DCE,（大連期貨），即,CBOT,不等于,DCE,價格組成物流背景,美國大豆出口裝運港域：,PNW(PACIFIC AND WEST,美西）,15,US GULF(,美國海灣）,80,LAKERS(,五大湖地區(qū)）,5,價格組成,FOB,US GULF,美國海灣：,1,）,FOB St.Lou

4、is,圣路易斯離岸價,2,）,Barge Freight,駁船運費,3,）,Cost/Margin,成本,/,利潤,4,）,FobbingFOB,裝運費用,1,2,3,4,FOB US GULF,美國海灣離岸價,價格組成,CNF,US GULF N.CHINA,美國海灣至中國北方港,1,）,FOB US GULF,美國海灣離岸價,2,）,FREIGHT,海運費,3,）,Cost/Margin,成本,/,利潤,1,2,3,CNF N.CHINA,中國北方港到岸價,影響價格的因素品質,合同條款：,1,?；酒焚|,SPECIFICATIONS,2,?？蹆r條款,ALLOWANCE,3,。植檢要求,PH

5、YTOSANITORY,4,?；瘜W殘留,CHMICAL RESIDUES,影響價格的因素品質,基本品質：美國,2,號黃大豆,US No.2 or better Yellow Soybeans,Moisture,水分,13.5%max,Protein,蛋白,34.5%basis,34.0%min,Oil Content,含油,18.5%basis,18.0%min,Test Weight per bushel,容重,54 pounds min,Foreign material,雜志,2.0%max,Total Damaged Kernels,總損,3.0%max,Heat damaged Ker

6、nels,熱損,0.5%max,Splits,破碎粒,20.0%max,Soybeans of other colors,異色粒,2.0%max,影響價格的因素品質,扣價條款：,Basis for protein as per contract is 34.5%.Seller has to,deduct penalty for deficiency in protein below 34.5%at 1.0%price for 1%protein down to 34.0%min.Fractions in proportion.Protein above 34.5%is contractual

7、and free to buyer.,按照合同蛋白以,34.5%,為基準。如果蛋白低于,34.5,，最少為,34,，賣方必須按照合同價格,1,：,1,抵扣賠付。小數(shù)按比例分攤。蛋白超過,34.5,符合合同，毋須收費。,影響價格的因素品質,植檢要求：,The soybeans supplied by the Sellers should be free from the following diseases,pests and weeds dangerous to plants in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Agric

8、ulture of the Peoples Republic of China:,Arabis mosaic virus.,Callosobruchus analis(Fabricius),Callosobruchus phaseoli(Gyllenhall),Cuscuta spp.,Phytophthora megasperma Drechsl f.sp glycinea Kuan&Erwin,Sorghum almum parodi,Sorghum halepense(L.)pers.,Southern bean mosaic virus,Tobacco ringspot virus,T

9、omato ringspot virus,影響價格的因素品質,化學殘留：,The chemical residues of the soybeans supplied by the sellers should not exceed the regulations stipulated by the AQSIQ,Peoples Republic of China and substantiated by qualified independent laboratory at Sellers choice at loading:,Arsenic compound shall be a maxim

10、um of 1PPM(one part per million calculated according to AS203 content).Mercuric compound shall not be found.,Phosphides shall be a maximum 0.05 PPM(0.05 part per million calculated according to the PH3 content),Cyanides shall be a maximum of 5 PPM(5 parts per million calculated according to the HCN

11、content),Malathion shall be a maximum of 3 PPM(3 parts per million),Ethylens Debromide(EDB)content shall not exceed 10 PPB,(10 parts per billion).,案例品質,假設：以下價格均為,CNF,大連，船期、數(shù)量一致。國內(nèi),43pro,豆粕價格每噸,2,100,元，四級豆油每噸,5,000,元。請問：買哪一個產(chǎn)地的大豆最經(jīng)濟？,產(chǎn)地,蛋白,含油,價格,美灣,34.5%,20.0%,140SN,巴西,35.0%,21.5%,130SN,阿根廷,34.0%,19.

12、5%,110SN,美西,33.5%,19.5%,120SN,影響價格的因素船期,合同條款：,During Jun.1,st,to Jun.15,th,2006,both dates included with FOSFA extension allowed.,船期為,2006,年,6,月,1,日至,6,月,15,日，包括頭尾兩天，,FOSFA,延期條款適用。,影響價格的因素船期,條款詮釋：,1,。提單日期在,2006,年,6,月,1,日至,6,月,15,日期間，含首尾兩天，符合合同要求，沒有額外費用。,2,。提單日期早于,2006,年,6,月,1,日的，買方可以拒收。,3,。提單日期晚于,20

13、06,年,6,月,15,日的，按照,FOSFA,延期條款執(zhí)行。,影響價格的因素船期,FOSFA,延期條款：,延期,1,、,2,、,3,、,4,天，扣除合同單價的,0.5,延期,5,、,6,天，扣除合同單價的,1.0,延期,7,、,8,天，扣除合同單價的,1.5,超過,8,天，買方有權重新議價。,影響價格的因素重量,合同條款：,60,000 metric tons,10%more or less at sellers option at contract price.,6,萬噸，,10,增減，賣方選擇，按照合同單價。,租船合同（,C/P,）類型,VOYAGE CHARTER,程租點到點的租船,T

14、IME CHARTER,期租一個時間段的租船,租船合同風險點,程租：一個固定的運費。在裝運過程中，不受時間上的耽誤而增加任何運費成本。,期租：一個浮動的運費。運費成本最終的高低，取決于操作中對于運輸、裝卸貨時間的掌控。,租船,FOB,租船的優(yōu)劣勢,減少,CNF,貿(mào)易中的運費成本,更精確調(diào)控裝貨時間，極大地滿足生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易的需要,多一份商業(yè)風險,裝貨港的協(xié)調(diào)、問題處理,交易風險的盲點,期貨點價,中國買家,CNF,供貨商,CBOT,期貨點價條款,升貼水合同,點價保證金或者有效信用證,每次不少于,20,手,CBOT,日盤或者亞洲盤,轉月,在第一交割通知日前一或兩天完成點價或轉月,截價時間,支付條款,L

15、ETTER OF CREDIT,（,L/C),信用證支付,SIGHT L/C,即期付款,USANCE L/C,遠期付款,DOCUMENTS AGAINST PAYMENT(D/P),見單付款,DOCUMENTS AGAINST ACCEPTANCE(D/A),見單呈兌付款,L/C,條款,一個可被賣方接受的中國一類銀行,100,，不可撤銷，即期信用證,信用證金額允許,10,增減,議付地為議付行所在地,議付行不加限制,信用證有效期為提單日后,30,天或者,38,天,履約保證金條款,PERFORMANCE BOND,貿(mào)易前后的收取,人民幣現(xiàn)金或美元保證金（,STANDY L/C),信用證支付,D/P

16、,支付,開出有效信用證后的部分退款,最后,DEM/DES,（滯期,/,速遣）的清算,詢價與實盤,產(chǎn)地,ORIGIN,數(shù)量,QUANTITY,船期,SHIPTMENT,到貨港,DISPORT,卸貨率,DISRATE,價格,PRICE,詢價與實盤,賣方實盤,OFFER/ASK,買方實盤,(FIRM)BID,還盤,COUNTER OFFER,撤盤,WITHDRAW,確認,CONFIRM,詢價與實盤,阿根廷大豆,FOB Upriver,報價,:,LH Jun6/12,FH Jul8/14,LH Jul9/15,Aug10/17,SepN/A,實價與升貼水合同,為什么要買實價？,為什么要買升貼水？,貿(mào)易中的政策與證書,GMO,轉基因政策,MOA SAFETY CERT,農(nóng)業(yè)部轉基因安全證書,CIQ IMPORT PERMIT,商檢進口許可證,操作以及對市場的影響,歷史故事與未來展望,2004,年的大豆風波,中國壓榨業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢,大豆及大豆制品進口的展望,祝大家學習順利，交易順利！,謝謝！,21,、要知道對好事的稱頌過于夸大，也會招來人們的反感輕蔑和嫉妒。,培根,22,、業(yè)精于勤，荒于嬉；行