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1、1. 類(lèi)屬法 即通過(guò)類(lèi)屬來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。如： · Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas. 說(shuō)明：從句意我們知道pineapples和coconuts與bananas, oranges是同類(lèi)事物，同屬水果(準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)是"菠蘿"和"椰子")。 2. 推理法 即根據(jù)文章的前后語(yǔ)境推出生詞的詞義。如： · That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see al

2、l the exhibits in one day. 說(shuō)明：既然一天之內(nèi)看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思應(yīng)該是"很大"了。 · Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest. 說(shuō)明：既然"她在選美比賽中獲勝"，說(shuō)明她"很美麗"(gorgeous)。 3. 列舉法 即通過(guò)對(duì)文章所列舉的事物來(lái)猜測(cè)生詞的詞義。如： · Children like such creatures

3、as dogs and monkeys. 說(shuō)明：像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類(lèi)的"creatures"，顯然creatures的意思應(yīng)是"動(dòng)物"。 · In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals:?Time Magazine,?NewsWeek, or?The New Worker. 說(shuō)明：periodical是生詞，但根據(jù)其后所列舉的例子，我們可以推測(cè)出它的意思可能是"期刊"或"雜志"。 4. 構(gòu)詞法 即根據(jù)前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)判斷生詞的詞義。如：

4、· Overwork may cause diseases. 說(shuō)明：前綴over-的意思是"過(guò)分的，過(guò)量的"，故 overwork的意思應(yīng)為"工作過(guò)度"。 · There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes. 說(shuō)明：satisfied的意思是"滿意的"，前綴 dis-的意思是"不"，故dissatisfied的意思應(yīng)該是"不滿意的"。 5. 對(duì)比法 即根據(jù)文章前后的對(duì)比關(guān)系確定生詞的詞義。如： · He had been getting better, but during the night his

5、condition deteriorated. 說(shuō)明：句中的 but 表明deteriorate 應(yīng)該與get better 的意思相反，即"惡化"。 · In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. 說(shuō)明：上文說(shuō)兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的極端，那么下文中penury 應(yīng)與great wealth 相對(duì)，即表示"貧困"。 · Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. 說(shuō)明：while 表對(duì)比，

6、意為"而"，所以loquacious 應(yīng)是silent 的反義，即"多嘴的"。 · If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent. 說(shuō)明：既然畫(huà)圈表示同意，那么畫(huà)叉便是"不同意"(dissent)。 6. 同位法 同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)所修飾詞語(yǔ)的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和解釋?zhuān)魧?duì)所修飾的詞語(yǔ)不熟悉，可通過(guò)其后同位語(yǔ)的"說(shuō)明或解釋"來(lái)確定其詞義。如： · His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language. 說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ)the

7、 study of the sounds of language表示phonetics的意思應(yīng)該是"語(yǔ)音學(xué)"。 · Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨). 說(shuō)明：同位語(yǔ) a birth illness that damages the spine表明了spina bifida是一種病，一種對(duì)脊骨有損害的病。 7. 釋義法 即根據(jù)文章中所提供的釋義關(guān)系來(lái)確定生詞的詞義。如： · They described him as a loon, or a mad

8、 man. 說(shuō)明：句中的or是對(duì)loon的解釋?zhuān)磍oon與a mad man同義，即表示"瘋子"。 · lt will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily. 說(shuō)明：句中的that is表明it will break easily是對(duì)brittle的解釋?zhuān)瑥亩聹y(cè)出其意為"脆"。 · The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句 who looks after sheep表明her

9、dsman的詞義為"牧人"。 · There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery? 說(shuō)明：定語(yǔ)從句 that issomewhat dry and feathery(有點(diǎn)兒干、像羽毛似的)表明 fluffysnow 的意思可能是"鵝毛大雪"。 8. 常識(shí)法 即根據(jù)普通常識(shí)推測(cè)生詞的詞義。如： · It's said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)，Bill Gates為世界首富，所以affluent可能是"富有的"。 · As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 說(shuō)明：根據(jù)常識(shí)，Edison為發(fā)明大王，他應(yīng)因"發(fā)明"而聞名于世。