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2021年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練11 主謂一致

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1、免費(fèi)學(xué)習(xí)資料 囊括小初高九大學(xué)科(知識(shí)點(diǎn)/練習(xí)題/模擬卷/真題卷/學(xué)霸筆記)考點(diǎn)11 主謂一致一、教材重點(diǎn)回顧:主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,主謂一致必須遵循三原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。對(duì)于主謂一致的考查,主要集中在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、漢譯英及其它類型的填空題中。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要掌握主謂一致的基本用法及常見(jiàn)搭配。其考查重點(diǎn): 主謂一致的三個(gè)原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則,意義一致原則,就近一致原則。一:主謂一致的三個(gè)原則1. 意義一致意義一致就是根據(jù)句子主語(yǔ)的意義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如:Maths is difficult for us. 數(shù)學(xué)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難。T

2、he police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察們正在山上盡力搜查小偷。2. 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致即單數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:My bike is under the tree. 我的自行車在樹下。These books are old. 這些書是舊的。3. 就近原則就近原則即當(dāng)主語(yǔ)被某些連詞(短語(yǔ))連接時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與離它最近的詞保持一致。Either my father or brother is coming. 我父親來(lái),要不然就是我弟弟來(lái)。Not only you but also th

3、ey are good students. 不僅你是好學(xué)生,而且他們也是好學(xué)生。二:并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)由and或both. and連接兩個(gè)名詞、代詞作主語(yǔ),表示不同的人或事物時(shí),句子的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。John and Mike are good friends. 約翰和邁克是好朋友。Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶對(duì)你都有好處。【注意】and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ),在意義上指同一人、同一物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要來(lái)

4、重慶。三:名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)名詞或代詞后接as well as,with,along with,together with,except,but等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語(yǔ)前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。(就前原則)She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我,沒(méi)人知道。四:不定代詞

5、作主語(yǔ)1. 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each,neither,either,every修飾或each,neither,either作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。Either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒(méi)有和他在一起。Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,somethin

6、g,anything,nothing,everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎? Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒(méi)有人離開(kāi)。五:There be和Here be的就近原則There be和Here be 結(jié)構(gòu)后面接并列名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be均應(yīng)與最近的名詞在數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen,a pencil,a

7、knife and three books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆,一支鉛筆,一把刀和三本書。Here are some flowers and a card. 這里有一些花和一張卡片。六:特殊名詞作主語(yǔ)1. 國(guó)名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。The United States lies to the east of China. 美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語(yǔ)。(人名)2. the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),表示某類人

8、,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如maths,physics,politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞,如news,plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)講很難學(xué)。The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞,如Chine

9、se,Japanese,sheep,deer等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見(jiàn)你。Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草?!咀⒁狻緾hinese,Japanese,English等前加the表示一國(guó)人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國(guó)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。七:表數(shù)量概念的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Ten years has passed qu

10、ickly. 10年很快就過(guò)去了。Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。3. many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。There is more than one answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。Many a student has passed the e

11、xam. 許多學(xué)生通過(guò)了考試。4. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。5. the rest of. 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù);如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不見(jiàn)了

12、。6. none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。None of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒(méi)有狗。7. a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示許多/大量的,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示的數(shù)量,其中心詞為number,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。A number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。The number of the students in this school has reached over 2,000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人

13、。8. a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來(lái)確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。Plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作??枷虬耍簞?dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。To play with fire near a gas station is

14、 very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要。其他情況例句and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù);但是and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/including/

15、like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)形式,如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)。Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mike, like his brother,enjoys playing football. 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The numb

16、er of the students is over eight hundred. 學(xué)生人數(shù)超過(guò)八百。A number of teachers are present today,and the number of them is 500. 許多教師今天都出席了,有500人。由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),如chopsticks,glasses,shoes,socks,stockings, trousers, boots等。若此類名詞被a kind of/a pair of修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The scissors are on the shelf next to

17、 the cupboard. 剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天,眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。當(dāng)not only. but also.,not. but.,or,either. or.,neither. nor.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),以及在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近原則。Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部電影Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參

18、加明天的會(huì)議。某些集體名詞,如class, club, family, team, group等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則,即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展壯大。The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里,全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)。【知識(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式;如果這一類詞指的是具體成員,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。二、中考

19、考點(diǎn)梳理1、語(yǔ)法一致:是指主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)??键c(diǎn)一:一般情況下,主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞、不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式??键c(diǎn)三:1). 復(fù)合不定代詞anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nobody, nothing作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。2). neither of . / none of . 作主

20、語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。3). either指“兩者之中任何一個(gè)”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。either of . 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。4). each作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于主語(yǔ)的數(shù);each of . 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)四:當(dāng)用both . and . 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;當(dāng)表示同一人、同一物或同一個(gè)概念,或表示不可分的整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)五:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, except, including, along with,

21、together with, as well as, in addition to等詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定??键c(diǎn)六:一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如shoes, trousers, jeans, scissors, chopsticks等。但如果這些名詞前有量詞如pair等修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與量詞保持一致。考點(diǎn)七:1). “a (large / small) number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 / 代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單

22、數(shù)形式。2). “分?jǐn)?shù) / 百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of + 名詞”和“the rest / most of +名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞決定。2、意義一致:是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)的一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式,而是由其意義所決定??键c(diǎn)一:當(dāng)數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)或當(dāng)表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常作為整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)二:有些集體名詞常指復(fù)數(shù)的人或物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如police;有些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果指集體中的成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如family, class, team, group, crowd等;當(dāng)population

23、意為“人口數(shù)量”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;意為“全體居民”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)形式均可??键c(diǎn)三:以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞如news, physics, maths, politics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式??键c(diǎn)四:1). “the + 形容詞”表示一類人作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類詞有the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead等。2). “the + 姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示某一家人或夫婦兩人,其作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式??键c(diǎn)五:定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其先

24、行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。3)、就近一致:是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與其最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致??键c(diǎn)一:以or, not only . but also ., either . or ., neither . nor . 等連接的名詞(或代詞)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和離它最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致??键c(diǎn)二:在there be 句型中,如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ)時(shí),主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致通常遵循就近一致原則。主謂一致記憶口訣單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見(jiàn),集體名詞謂用單。如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員,復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)記心間。有些名詞謂常復(fù),牛人警察和船員。主語(yǔ)單數(shù)后接介,謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)介無(wú)關(guān)。主語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ),many a再加more than one,謂

25、語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單。or,nor,but also,there be,近主原則掛嘴邊。主語(yǔ)neither,either,one,謂語(yǔ)總是用三單。主語(yǔ)雖有and連,and后面沒(méi)有冠,僅指一人或一事,謂語(yǔ)仍然是單三。時(shí)間、價(jià)值度量衡,謂語(yǔ)常作單數(shù)看。no,each,every后用單,兩件/種事物/情系一概念。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況口訣:人們加警察,家禽并牛群,常作復(fù)數(shù)沒(méi)問(wèn)題;服裝鞋襪及手套,自然全是用復(fù)數(shù)。1、 典例分類1.Lucy, there _ too many things on the desk. What a mess!Sorry, Mum. Ill put them away.A. have

26、 B. is C. are【答案】C【解析】考查主謂一致。句意:露西,在桌子上有許多東西。真亂!對(duì)不起,媽媽,我將把他們收起來(lái)。A. have有;B. is是;單數(shù);C. are是,復(fù)數(shù)。這里是there be句型,主語(yǔ)是too many things是復(fù)數(shù),be動(dòng)詞用are。根據(jù)題意,故選C。2. Not only you but also I _ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.A. am B. is C. are【答案】A【解析】考查句子的主謂一致。句意:不僅是你,我也對(duì)卡通片粉紅豬小妹感興趣。A. am用于主語(yǔ)是I的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);B.

27、 is用于主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)第三人稱的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);C. are用于主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。短語(yǔ)not onlybut also引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)和后面動(dòng)詞主謂一致遵循臨近一致原則,比較近的主語(yǔ)I是第一人稱,be動(dòng)詞用am, 故選A。3. _ students in our class _ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.A. Two fifths; isB. Second fifths; areC. Second fifths; isD. Two fifths; are【答案】D【解析】句意:我們班五分之二的學(xué)生打算下周去北京參加夏令營(yíng)。表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),

28、分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,因此五分之二的表達(dá)應(yīng)該是two fifths,排除B、C;分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞students,根據(jù)主謂一致的原則,只能用are,故答案選D。【擴(kuò)展】:本題考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)有分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)和主謂一致,一般情況下,表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分子要用基數(shù)詞,分母要用序數(shù)詞,如果分子大于1,表示分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two thirds 三分之二。由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:60% of the students in our class are girls.我們班60的學(xué)生是女生。Two thirds of the app

29、le is red.這個(gè)蘋果的三分之二是紅色的。4. Each of us _ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A. has B. have C. will have D. had【答案】A【解析】考查意義一致原則。英語(yǔ)句中的each,既可作代詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),又可作形容詞修飾主語(yǔ),這時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。Each of us has a computer. 我們每個(gè)人都有一部電腦。Each of them likes playing basketball. 他們每個(gè)人都喜歡打籃球。中考試題題意為“我們每個(gè)人有生活目標(biāo),它將

30、指引我們走向光明的未來(lái)。”此題each充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成份,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。答案應(yīng)為A。 5.Whats in the picture on the wall? There _a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground. A. has B. are C. is D. have 【答案】C【解析】考查語(yǔ)法一致原則。在there be句型中,be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ),則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如;There are two chairs and a desk in the room.

31、房間里有兩張椅子和一張桌子。There is a pen and some pieces of paper on the desk.?桌子上有一支鋼筆和幾張紙。中考試題題意為“墻上圖畫里有什么?”“有一位老師和上些學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。”此題空格后的主語(yǔ)是a teacher,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)選擇is,答案應(yīng)為C。6. Either the students or the teacher _ him very well. A. Knows B. to know C. know D. knew 【答案】A【解析】考查鄰近一致原則。either.or.連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。 如

32、:Either you or she is good at English. 你或她都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)。Are either you or he wrong? 是你錯(cuò)了還是他錯(cuò)了? 中考試題題意為“不是學(xué)生就是老師非常了解他?!贝祟}由連詞either.or.連接主語(yǔ)the students和the teacher,附近主語(yǔ)是the teacher,故答案應(yīng)為A。7. Not only Jack but also I _crazy about the football match. A. am B. is C.are D. be 【答案】A【解析】考查鄰近一致原則。中考試題題意為“不僅 Jack 而且我

33、都熱衷于足球?!贝祟}含有連詞not only. but also.,根據(jù)鄰近一致原則,答案應(yīng)為A。 8. Neither my sister nor I _been to Xian before Ahave never Bhave ever Chas never Dhas ever 【答案】B【解析】考查鄰近一致原則。neither.nor.“”連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),與最靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。如:Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.湯姆和他的父母都不在家。Neither the teacher nor his studetns know anything abou

34、t it. 老師和他的學(xué)生都不知道那件事。中考試題題意為“我妹妹和我以前都沒(méi)去過(guò)西安”由于neithernor.本身就是否定意義,則可排除含有never的A和C兩項(xiàng);根據(jù)鄰近一致的原則,則應(yīng)選擇have ever,答案應(yīng)為B。 9. Peter with his classmates _ for the bus when the earthquake happened. A. is waiting B. was waiting C. are waiting D. were waiting 【答案】B【解析】考查語(yǔ)法一致的原則。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with 或together with短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面

35、的主語(yǔ)部分一致。如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。中考試題題意為“當(dāng)?shù)卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候,Peter與他的同學(xué)正在等公共汽車。”根據(jù)此題介詞短語(yǔ)with his classmates前主語(yǔ)是Peter,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)when the earthquake happened可知,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),答案應(yīng)為B。10.(2019年永州)Playing computer games too often _ bad for us. A. am B. is C.

36、 are 【答案】B【解析】考查語(yǔ)法一致的原則。動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,從句等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律視作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Playing football on Sunday is one of his habits. 周日踢足球是他的一個(gè)習(xí)慣。When to leave has not been decided. 什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)還沒(méi)有定下來(lái)。What he said has been recorded .他說(shuō)的話已被錄音了。中考試題題意為“玩電腦游戲太經(jīng)常對(duì)我們有害。”此題動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)playing computer games用作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),答案應(yīng)為B。 二、易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥1.

37、We are proud of our country. The year 2019 is her _ birthday.A. seventyB. the seventyC. the seventiethD. seventieth【答案】D【解析】句意:我們?yōu)槲覀兊膰?guó)家感到驕傲,2019年是她的70歲生日。seventy70,seventieth第70;根據(jù)幾歲生日時(shí)用序數(shù)詞,當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前有形容詞性的物主代詞時(shí),要把the省略掉;故選D。2. Wu Dajing, a _ Chinese skater, set a new world record at the Short Track Worl

38、d Cup last year.A. 25-years-oldB. 25 year oldC. 25-year-oldD. 25 years old【答案】C【解析】句意:25歲的中國(guó)滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員吳大靖在去年的短道世界杯上創(chuàng)造了新的世界紀(jì)錄??疾橄薅ㄔ~辨析。由數(shù)字、名詞和形容詞加連字符構(gòu)成的詞為復(fù)合形容詞,也稱限定詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)為數(shù)字-名詞-形容詞,中間的名詞必須用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu),可知選C。3. September is the _ month of a year.A. seventhB. eighthC. ninthD. tenth【答案】C【解析】句意:九月是一年中的第九個(gè)月。A. 第七

39、;B. 第八;C. 第九;D. 第十。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,九月是第九個(gè)月,故選C。4. We gave away _ books to the school library last year.A. six thousandsB. six thousandC. six thousands ofD. six thousand of【答案】B【解析】句意:去年我們把6000本書捐給了學(xué)校圖書館。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),本題考查數(shù)詞的用法,英文的數(shù)目表達(dá)方式有兩種:精確數(shù)目和含糊數(shù)目。精確數(shù)目如:two million dollars,兩百萬(wàn)美元;數(shù)詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù),也沒(méi)有of;含糊數(shù)目如:millions of dollar

40、s,數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元;數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù),且有of;這個(gè)句中的數(shù)目屬于精確數(shù)目,6000本書。就應(yīng)該表達(dá)成 six thousand books;不加of,數(shù)詞也無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)。故選B。5. Every year, _ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.A. thousandB. thousands ofC. thousand of【答案】B【解析】句意:每年,成千上萬(wàn)本書被捐給鄉(xiāng)下的窮孩子們。A. thousand 千,前面有具體數(shù)字時(shí)用不能變復(fù)數(shù);B. thousands of成千上萬(wàn)的;C. thousand of語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤

41、。根據(jù)題意這里表示約數(shù)用thousands of,thousands of books表示成千上萬(wàn)的書。根據(jù)題意,故選B。6.Which month of the year do you like best?July, the _ month, because summer vacation begin in this month.A. sevenB. sixC. seventhD. sixth【答案】C【解析】句意:你最喜歡一年中的哪個(gè)月?七月,第七個(gè)月,因?yàn)槭罴僭谶@個(gè)月開(kāi)始??疾閿?shù)詞辨析。定冠詞the修飾序數(shù)詞,six和seven都是基數(shù)詞,可排除。seventh第七,sixth第六;根據(jù)

42、July(七月)可知選C。7.Wellcelebratethe _ NationalDaythisyear.Thatsreallyexciting。A.seventyB.seventeenC.seventieth【答案】C【解析】表示第幾個(gè)節(jié)日、生日和紀(jì)念日需要用序數(shù)詞。此處指我們今年將要慶祝第七十個(gè)國(guó)慶節(jié)。8. There _ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table.A. isB. areC. be【答案】A【解析】考查 there be 句型,該題主要考查主謂一致,a large bowl of jiaozi 為單數(shù),故選 A。9. In the near

43、future, there _ self-driving cars in our city.A. isB. wasC. areD. will be【答案】D【解析】句意:在不久的將來(lái),我們城市將有自動(dòng)駕駛汽車。選項(xiàng)A、C為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);B為一般過(guò)去時(shí);D為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。根據(jù)In the near future可知,本題考查there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)。該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種表達(dá):there is going to be或there will be。分析選項(xiàng)可知,D正確。10.There _ a book sale in our school. Would you like to have a look

44、with me?Sure. Id love to.A. is B. have C. are【答案】A【解析】句意:在我們學(xué)校有個(gè)圖書特賣活動(dòng)。你愿意和我一塊去看看嗎?當(dāng)然,我愿意去。there be句型表示某處有某物,有此句型不能有have,這個(gè)句型中be動(dòng)詞的就近原則,be動(dòng)詞取決于與之鄰近的名詞。名詞是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)用is,其它情況用are。此題中名詞abooksale是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),所以be動(dòng)詞用is。故選A。11.Whats in the picture on the wall? There _ a teacher and some students playing soccer on

45、the playground. A. has B. are C. is D. have【答案】C【解析】句意:墻上的畫里是什么?有一個(gè)老師和一些學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上正在踢足球。there be句型表示某地有某物,用此句型不能再由have;此句型有個(gè)就近原則,be動(dòng)詞的選擇取決于與之挨著的名詞。名詞的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者是不可數(shù)名詞的話就用is,是復(fù)數(shù)名詞用are。根據(jù)句中的ateacher可以判斷be動(dòng)詞用is。故選C。12. Nowadays, _ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about _ of them are adults.A. the number

46、 of; four-fifthsB. a number of; four-fifthC. a number of; four-fifthsD. the number of; four-five【答案】 C【解析】句意:如今,許多人更喜歡華為手機(jī),其中約五分之四是成年人??疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)和分?jǐn)?shù)。1. the number of:的數(shù)量,作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù);a number of:許多,大量的,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),它和可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù);本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞like是復(fù)數(shù),可知填a number of。2.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:基數(shù)詞做分子,序數(shù)詞做分母,當(dāng)分子大于一,分母用復(fù)數(shù),五分之四是four

47、-fifths,故第二個(gè)空填four-fifths;故選C。1. There are _ floors in Tobys house. And his room is on the _ floor.A. three; twoB. third; secondC. third; twoD. three; second【答案】D【解析】句意:Toby家有三層樓。他的房間在第二層。three三,是基數(shù)詞;third第三,是序數(shù)詞;two二,是基數(shù)詞;second第二,是序數(shù)詞。第一空修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞floors,故用基數(shù)詞three。第二空修飾單數(shù)名詞floor,故用序數(shù)詞second。故選D。2.Dad

48、, about _ of our classmates wear glasses.Oh, thats terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.A. three fourthB. third fourthC. third fourthsD. three quarters【答案】D【解析】句意:爸爸,我們的同學(xué)大約有四分之三戴著眼鏡。哦,那太可怕了。你們都應(yīng)該照顧好你們的眼睛。表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),分母用序數(shù)詞,分子用基數(shù)詞,當(dāng)分子大約一時(shí),分子用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示四分之一用one fourth或one quarter,表示四分之三用three

49、fourths或three quarters,故選D。3. _ people come to the lost and found office every day.A. HundredsB. HundredC. Hundred ofD. Hundreds of【答案】D【解析】句意:每天都有數(shù)百人來(lái)到失物招領(lǐng)處。hundred前面有具體數(shù)字時(shí)不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,與of連用時(shí),hundred要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示不確定的數(shù)字,hundreds of數(shù)以百計(jì)的,故答案為D。4. _ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation

50、.A. Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of【答案】D【解析】句意:成千上萬(wàn)的游客在度假期間來(lái)Hongyadong拍照。考查數(shù)詞的用法。thousand前有具體數(shù)字時(shí),用單數(shù)形式;如果沒(méi)有具體數(shù)字時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)形式和of連用。結(jié)合本題語(yǔ)境,假期來(lái)Hongyadong參觀的人肯定是指約數(shù),意為成千上萬(wàn)的,所以根據(jù)以上分析應(yīng)表達(dá)為thousands of表示成千上萬(wàn)的、數(shù)以千計(jì)的;故答案選D。5. In the future people will live longer and more and more people will c

51、elebrate their _ birthdays.A. one hundredB. hundredC. hundreds ofD. hundredth【答案】D【解析】句意:在未來(lái),人們會(huì)活得更久,更多的人將慶祝他們的百歲生日??疾樾驍?shù)詞。A. one hundred一百;B. hundred百;C. hundreds of數(shù)以百計(jì)的;D. hundredth第一百。根據(jù)In the future people will live longer and more and more people will celebrate their birthdays.可知句意為在未來(lái),人們會(huì)活得更久,

52、更多的人將慶祝他們的百歲生日。這里指的是第一百個(gè)生日,所以應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞形式,hundred的序數(shù)詞為hundredth,故答案選D。6. About _ of the earth _ covered with water, but we have less and less fresh water.A. three-fourth; areB. three-fourths; isC. three-fourth; areD. three-fourths; are【答案】B【解析】句意:地球上大約四分之三的部分被水覆蓋,但是我們有越來(lái)越少的淡水。第一空處考查分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法,即分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞,分

53、子大于1,分母加s,three-fourths四分之三,排除A和C;分?jǐn)?shù)或者百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要根據(jù)of后的名詞決定,根據(jù)of后的earth可知,用單數(shù)is,故選B。7. The number of the students in my class _ fifty. A large number of them _ from the countryside.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; isD. are; are【答案】A【解析】句意:我們班學(xué)生的數(shù)量是50,他們中很多都來(lái)自農(nóng)村。這個(gè)題目考查主謂一致,is用于主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)時(shí);are用于主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)。第一句話th

54、e number of.表示的數(shù)量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);第二句話是a large number of許多,大量,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。8.Ann, when do you plan to go for your ten-day holiday?Next month. Im going away on the _ and coming back on the 12th.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth【答案】C【解析】句意:Ann,你計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候去過(guò)你十天的假期?下個(gè)月,我打算三號(hào)離開(kāi),12號(hào)回來(lái)。first第一;second第二;third第三;fourth第

55、四。根據(jù)句意go for your ten-day holiday可知,Ann的假期是10天,句中說(shuō)到coming back on the 12th,12號(hào)回來(lái),所以離開(kāi)的日期應(yīng)該是三號(hào)。故選C。9. Jim failed twice, but he wanted to have _ try. A. a secondB. a thirdC. the secondD. the third【答案】B【解析】句意:吉姆失敗了兩次,但是他想再試一次??疾樾驍?shù)詞用法。A. a second再一;B. a third又一次;C. the second第二;D. the third第三。a +序數(shù)詞是在前面

56、數(shù)字的基礎(chǔ)上再出現(xiàn),而the序數(shù)詞單指第幾個(gè)。吉姆失敗了兩次,再一次用a third。故選B。10. _ people attending the meeting is 2975 and about _ are women. A. A number of; one fourthB. The number of; one fourthC. A number of; one fourthsD. The number of; one fourths【答案】B【解析】句意:參加會(huì)議的人數(shù)是2975,大約四分之一是女性。A number of是大量、很多的意思,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of意思是的數(shù)字/數(shù)目,介詞of同其后名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),修飾the number,當(dāng)它作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)is可知第一個(gè)空用The number of。分?jǐn)?shù)的表示是分子在前、分母在后。分子以基數(shù)(one, two, three)表示,分母以序數(shù)(first, second, third)等表示。分子超過(guò)1時(shí),分母必須加上-s。所以第二個(gè)空填one fourth。故選B。三好網(wǎng)中高級(jí)教師1對(duì)1,在線輔導(dǎo),真師可靠!官方網(wǎng)站:資料來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò),版權(quán)歸原作者所有,不得商業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)載;如有疑義請(qǐng)?zhí)砑游⑿盘?hào)dd2247443566,感謝支持!

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