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1、DM相關(guān)英文詞匯小結(jié)1. Diabetes mellitus 糖尿病2. hyperglycemia高血糖3. abnormalities異常4. insulin secretion胰島素分泌5. insulin sensitivity胰島素敏感性6. microvascular complications微血管并發(fā)癥7. macrovascular complications 大血管并發(fā)癥8. neuropathic complications神經(jīng)并發(fā)癥9. ensue出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生10.immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic -cells免疫介導(dǎo)的胰

2、島細(xì)胞損傷11. long preclinical period亞臨床期長(zhǎng)12. transient remission疾病短暫好轉(zhuǎn)13. honeymoon phase蜜月期14. autoantibodies自身抗體15. islet cell antibody胰島細(xì)胞抗體17. insulin antibodies 胰島素抗體18. lipolysis脂肪分解19. free fatty acid production游離脂肪酸生成20. increased hepatic glucose production肝糖生成增加21.decreased skeletal muscle upta

3、ke of glucose肌肉組織對(duì)葡萄糖攝取下降22. a diabetogenic lifestyle (excessivecalories, inadequate exercise, and obesity)易導(dǎo)致糖尿病的生活方式（能量過度攝入、鍛煉不足、肥胖）23. superimposed upon 協(xié)同24. a susceptible genotype易感基因25. glucocorticoids 糖皮質(zhì)激素26. pentamidine噴他脒27. niacin煙酸28. -interferon-干擾素29. Impaired fasting glucose，IFG空腹血糖受損

4、（5.66.9 mmol/L）30. impaired glucose tolerance，IGT糖耐量受損（7.811.0 mmol/L）31. retinopathyDM視網(wǎng)膜病變32. neuropathyDM神經(jīng)病變33. nephropathyDM腎病34. coronary heart disease冠心病35. stroke中風(fēng)36. peripheral vascular disease外周血管病變37. prone to develop diabetic ketoacidosis自發(fā)酮癥傾向38. severe stress嚴(yán)重應(yīng)激39. insulin counterreg

5、ulatory hormones胰島素對(duì)抗激素40. asymptomatic無癥狀41. unrelated blood testing隨機(jī)血糖42. Lethargy無精打采43. polyuria多尿44. nocturia夜尿45. polydipsia煩渴46. Hemoglobin A1C（glycosylated hemoglobin）糖化血紅蛋白（6.5%為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）46. Fasting plasma glucose空腹血糖（126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L)為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）47. oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)口服糖耐量檢測(cè)48.

6、 75 g anhydrous glucose75g無水葡萄糖（折合82.5g一水葡萄糖）49. Two-hour plasma glucose 2小時(shí)血糖（200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）50. A random plasma glucose concentration 隨機(jī)血糖（200 mg/dL (111.1 mmol/L)為診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）51. hyperglycemic crisis高血糖危象52. positive family history家族史陽(yáng)性53. ameliorate symptoms of hyperglycemia控制高血糖癥狀54. Gl

7、ycemic Goals血糖控制目標(biāo)55. Preprandial plasma glucose餐前血糖56. Postprandial plasma glucose餐后血糖57. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists美國(guó)臨床內(nèi)分泌醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)AACE58. American College of Endocrinology美國(guó)內(nèi)分泌學(xué)會(huì)ACE59. American Diabetes Association美國(guó)糖尿病協(xié)會(huì)ADA60. aggressive management強(qiáng)化控制61. smoking cessation戒煙62.

8、 treatment of dyslipidemia調(diào)節(jié)血脂異常63. intensive blood pressure強(qiáng)化血壓控制64. antiplatelet therapy抗血小板治療65. dietary and exercise modifications改變飲食鍛煉習(xí)慣66. self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)自我血糖監(jiān)測(cè)67. low in saturated fat飽和脂肪限量68. caloric restriction控制熱量69. Bedtime and between meal snacks睡前及餐間零食70. Aerobi

9、c exercise有氧鍛煉71. sedentary patients 既往運(yùn)動(dòng)較少的病人72. atherosclerotic disease動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化疾病73. subcutaneously皮下注射74. Humalog (insulin lispro)賴脯胰島素（優(yōu)泌樂）75. NovoLog (insulin aspart)門冬胰島素（諾和銳）76. Apidra (insulin glulisine)賴谷胰島素（Apidra，目前還沒有中文名）77. Rapid-acting insulins速效胰島素78. Short-acting insulins短效胰島素79. Humul

10、in R (regular)優(yōu)泌林R80. Novolin R (regular)諾和靈R81. Intermediate-acting insulins (neutral protamine Hagedorn)中效胰島素（中性魚精蛋白胰島素，NPH）Hagedorn為發(fā)明者名字82. Humulin N優(yōu)泌林N83. Novolin N 諾和靈N84. Long-acting insulins長(zhǎng)效胰島素85. Lantus (insulin glargine)來得時(shí)（甘精胰島素）86. Levemir (insulin detemir)諾和平（地特胰島素）87. Premixed insul

11、ins預(yù)混胰島素88. Humalog Mix 75/25 (75% neutral protamine lispro,25% lispro)優(yōu)泌樂MIX75/25（75%魚精蛋白賴脯胰島素；25%賴脯胰島素）89. Humalog Mix 50/50 (50% neutral protamine lispro,50% lispro)優(yōu)泌樂MIX50/50（50%中性魚精蛋白賴脯胰島素；50%賴脯胰島素）90. Novolog Mix 70/30(70% aspart protaminesuspension, 30% aspart)阿福特羅諾和銳MIX70/30(70%魚精蛋白門冬胰島素；30

12、%門冬胰島素)91.NPH-regular combinations中效-短效組合92. Humulin 70/30優(yōu)泌林70/3093. Novolin 70/30諾和靈70/3094. Exenatide (Byetta)艾塞那肽（百泌達(dá)）GLP-195. Liraglutide (Victoza)利拉魯肽（諾和力）96. Pramlintide (Symlin)普蘭林肽（人胰淀素類似物）97. delayed postmeal hypoglycemia遲發(fā)性餐后低血糖98. nocturnal hypoglycemia夜間低血糖99. fasting hyperglycemia空腹高血糖

13、100. Glucagon （1 g intramuscularly）胰高血糖素（肌肉注射）101. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Agonists胰高血糖素樣肽1激動(dòng)劑102. gastric emptying胃排空103. Sulfonylureas磺脲類104. equipotent doses等效劑量105. Glipizide格列吡嗪（普通片，控釋片（XL）瑞易寧）106. glyburide格列本脲（普通片：Diabeta,優(yōu)降糖；微乳制劑：Micronase）107. Glimepiride格列美脲(Amaryl,亞莫利)108. Short-a

14、cting insulin secretagogues短效胰島素促泌劑（餐時(shí)促泌劑）109. Nateglinide那格列奈（Starlix，唐力）110. Repaglinide 瑞格列奈（Prandin，孚來迪）111. Biguanides雙胍類112. Metformin二甲雙胍（格華止，Glucophage）113. Metformin extended release二甲雙胍緩釋片（格華止，Glucophage XR ）114. Thiazolidinediones噻唑烷二酮類115. Pioglitazone 吡格列酮（艾可拓，Actos）116. Rosiglitazone 羅

15、格列酮（文迪雅，Avandia）117. -Glucosidase inhibitors-糖苷酶抑制劑118. Acarbose阿卡波糖（拜糖平，Precose）119. Miglitol米格列酮（Glyset）120. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors二肽基轉(zhuǎn)肽酶-4抑制劑121. Sitagliptin 西格列?。ń葜Z維，Januvia）122. Saxagliptin 沙格列?。ò擦?，Onglyza）123. Glyburide/metformin 格列本脲/二甲雙胍（Glucovance）124. Glipizide/metformi

16、n (N) Metaglip格列吡嗪/二甲雙胍（Metaglip）125. Rosiglitazone/metformin 羅格列酮/二甲雙胍（文達(dá)敏，Avandamet）126. long half-life drugs長(zhǎng)半衰期藥物127. skip meals, 誤餐128. exercise vigorously高強(qiáng)度鍛煉129. skin rash皮疹130. hemolytic anemia溶血性貧血131. GI upset胃腸道不適132. cholestasis 膽汁淤積133. Hyponatremia低鈉血癥134. glucose dependent insulin re

17、lease葡萄糖依賴的胰島素釋放（格列奈類）135. the medication should also be skipped誤餐，當(dāng)餐藥物也無需服用136. insulin-sensitive tissues胰島素敏感組織137. hepatic and peripheral (muscle) tissues 肝臟及外周（肌肉）組織138. basal-bolus therapy基礎(chǔ)聯(lián)合餐時(shí)胰島素方案136. glycemic lability.血糖不穩(wěn)定137. preprandial SMBG level餐前血糖監(jiān)測(cè)水平138. upcoming activity level 未來運(yùn)動(dòng)

18、量139. anticipated carbohydrate intake預(yù)計(jì)攝食水平140. Carbohydrate counting碳水化合物計(jì)量141. diminish aggregation減少聚集142. greater glycemic control嚴(yán)格控制血糖143. erratic postprandial control餐后血糖控制不佳144. judiciously titrated based on GI adverse effects and postprandial glycemic goals根據(jù)胃腸道不良反應(yīng)及血糖控制水平調(diào)整劑量145. Symptomat

19、ic patients有癥狀的患者146. worsen insulin resistance加重胰島素抵抗147. therapeutic lifestyle measures治療性生活方式改善148. Obese patients (120% ideal body weight)肥胖患者（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體重120%）149. Near-normal-weight patients體重基本正常的患者150. disease progresses on metformin therapy應(yīng)用二甲雙胍期間病情進(jìn)展151. on multiple therapies正在應(yīng)用多種治療方案152. bedtim

20、e injection晚間（胰島素）注射153. Intensify management強(qiáng)化治療方案154. Less intensive management非強(qiáng)化治療方案155. intact hypoglycemia awareness有低血糖癥狀（未受損傷）156. used at the discretion of the clinician在醫(yī)師的監(jiān)護(hù)下用藥157. ophthalmologist眼科醫(yī)生158. regress恢復(fù)159. Laser photocoagulation激光光凝治療160. Paresthesias 感覺異常161. numbness麻木162.

21、predominant symptoms主要癥狀163. tricyclic antidepressants,三環(huán)類抗抑郁藥物164. anticonvulsants 抗驚厥的藥165. gabapentin加巴噴丁166. pregabalin普瑞巴林167. carbamazepine 卡巴咪嗪168. topiramate托吡酯169. duloxetine, 度洛西汀170. venlafaxine, 文拉法辛171. topical capsaicin辣椒素（表面應(yīng)用）172. analgesics止痛藥173. tramadol 曲馬多174. Gastroparesis胃癱175

22、. Erythromycin紅霉素176. debilitating使人虛弱的177. metoclopramide甲氧氯普胺178. orthostatic hypotension體位性低血壓179. mineralocorticoids鹽皮質(zhì)激素180. Diabetic diarrhea糖尿病腹瀉181. nocturnal夜間（五更瀉）182. doxycycline多西環(huán)素183. metronidazole甲硝唑184. Octreotide 奧曲肽185. Erectile dysfunction勃起功能障礙186. sildenafil西地那非187. vardenafil伐地

23、那非188. tadalafil他達(dá)那非189. retarding the progression of established nephropathy延緩神經(jīng)病變進(jìn)程190. Diuretics利尿劑191. volume-expanded states容量增加狀態(tài)192. Claudication跛行193. correction of dyslipidemia糾正血脂異常194. antiplatelet therapy抗血小板治療195. Cilostazol 西洛他唑(Pletal)196. select patients選定的病人197. Local debridement去死皮

24、198. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel IIIGuidelines國(guó)際膽固醇教育項(xiàng)目成人治療專家指南200. Niacin 煙酸201.fibrate貝特類藥物202. polyuria多尿203.polydipsia多飲，煩渴204. Finer insulin adjustments更為精細(xì)的血糖調(diào)節(jié)205. nocturnal sweating夜汗206.palpitations心悸207. microalbuminuria微量白蛋白尿208. albuminuria白蛋白尿209. dilated ophthalmologic exams散瞳查眼底210. influenza and pneumococcal vaccine流感及肺炎疫苗