Book6 unit1 Art 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié) 1. realistic: adj.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的; 逼真的；現(xiàn)實(shí)的；關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)：abstract: adj.抽象的；深?yuàn)W的；n.摘要；in the abstract抽象地；理論上；概括地；abstract art抽象派；抽象主義；abstract thinking抽象思維；抽象思考能力；abstract painting抽象畫(huà)；抽象繪畫(huà) Dont speak in such abstract terms. 不要這樣抽象地談問(wèn)題。 2. sculpture: n. 雕塑 ice sculpture冰雕 sculptor: n.雕刻家；雕塑家 And so, he gave this painting to the National Gallery. 因此他把這幅畫(huà)捐給了英國(guó)國(guó)家美術(shù)館。 3. faith: n. 信任；信心；信念 in good faith真誠(chéng)地；善意地；誠(chéng)心誠(chéng)意地 faith in對(duì)…的信任；對(duì)…有信仰；對(duì)…有信心 have faith要有信心 have faith in相信，對(duì)……信任 faithfully adv.忠實(shí)地 She began to lose faith in herself. 她開(kāi)始對(duì)自己?jiǎn)适判摹? 4. consequently: adv. 所 以；因而 5. aim: n.目標(biāo)；目的；vi. & vt. 瞄準(zhǔn)；（向某方向）努力；aim of旨在；瞄準(zhǔn)；致力于… aim at v. 針對(duì)；瞄準(zhǔn)；目的在于 aim for瞄準(zhǔn)；以…為目標(biāo)；take aim 瞄準(zhǔn) He directed his aim to us. 他把他的目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)我們。 6. conventional: adj.常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的；因循守舊的；conventional method常規(guī)方法；習(xí)用方法；conventional type常規(guī)型式；conventional industries傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)；conventional weapon常規(guī)武器；conventional forces常規(guī)部隊(duì) The first of these is conventional. 這些功能中第一個(gè)是常規(guī)的。 7. typical: adj. 典型的；有代表性的；typical of是……的典型特征；typical form典型式，代表式；typical project樣板工程；typical method典型的方法；typical curve標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線，典型曲線 The question is small but typical. 問(wèn)題雖小，但很典型。 8.evident: adj. 明顯的；明白的；self evident不言而喻的；不證自明的 9. adopt :vt.采用；采納；收養(yǎng)；adopt various methods采取不同辦法 10. possess: vt.擁有；具有；支配；possess oneself自制，鎮(zhèn)靜；possess of擁有；占有possession：n（尤作復(fù)數(shù)）所有，財(cái)產(chǎn)；in possession of something擁有(或占有)某物；take possession of占有，占領(lǐng)；take possession of ……的所有者 Some animals possess the characteristic of man. 有些動(dòng)物具有人類的特征。 11. superb :adj.卓越的；杰出的；極好的 People gasped with admiration at the superb skill of the gymnasts. 體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員的高超技藝令人贊嘆。 12. technique: n.技術(shù)；方法；技能 The prolonged war rusted his technique. 長(zhǎng)期的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他的技術(shù)荒廢了。 13. coincidence:n.巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、 故事等）相合；by coincidence碰巧 Some say this is no coincidence. 有的人說(shuō)這并不是巧合。 14.controversial:adj.爭(zhēng)論的；爭(zhēng)議的 15. They tried their best to run away from controversial issues. 他們盡力避開(kāi)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。 16. attempt: n. 努力；嘗試；企圖 vt. 嘗試；企圖 attempt at企圖，努力；嘗試；attempt to do something努力……； He gave up the attempt in despair. 他在絕望中放棄了這種嘗試。 17. on the other hand (可是)另一方面 18. predict:vt. 預(yù)言；預(yù)告；預(yù)測(cè) No one had enough foresight to predict the winner. 誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有足夠的先見(jiàn)能預(yù)測(cè)哪一個(gè)獲勝. 19. delicate :adj.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 Any of these delicate processes could have stalled. 這些微妙的過(guò)程都可能出現(xiàn)故障。 二、重點(diǎn)句型總結(jié) 1. …It would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. 在如此短的一篇課文里是不可能進(jìn)行全面的描述的。 it 是形式主語(yǔ)，不定式to describe all of them in such a short text是句子的真正主語(yǔ)。也可用v.-ing形式或that從句來(lái)充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)。 It’s important to live in harmony with each other. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 2. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. 此處是it is/was +adj.+that從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是句子真正的主語(yǔ)。When painters…realistic way 為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的時(shí)間。 3. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. 本句是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句子主語(yǔ)是Impressionists，因?yàn)榫渥邮且訟mong the painters（方位介詞短語(yǔ)）開(kāi)頭，所以使用了完全倒裝句型。 當(dāng)here, there, now, then, thus, in, out, off, away, up, down, through等副詞置于句首時(shí)，且其主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)，通常要使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 There goes the bell. 門(mén)鈴響了。 Away went the boy to the school!這個(gè)男孩去學(xué)校了！ Off goes the woman! 這位女士出去了！ 4. At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”. (1) 從句what we call” modern art”作介詞of 的賓語(yǔ)。What可以指人，相當(dāng)于the person that/who, 也可以指物，相當(dāng)于the thing that/which (2) Accept…as… 接受……作為…… 三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在“if”條件句中的使用： 含義 if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式 主句的謂語(yǔ)形式 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 v.-ed/ were would/should/could/might+ v.(原形) 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had done would/should/could/might+ have + v.-ed 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1. v.-ed/were 2. should+v.(原形) 3. were to do would/should/could/might+ v.(原形) （一）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier. 如果沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣，英語(yǔ)會(huì)更加簡(jiǎn)單。 If I had time, I would go there. 總結(jié)：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，if 從句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句：should/would/could/might+v.(原) （二）與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 1. If you had come earlier, you could have caught that bus. 2. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 總結(jié)：表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，if從句：過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had+v.ed), 主句：would/should/could/might+have+v.ed （三）與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 1. If he were to come tomorrow, he should help me with my physics. 2. He he should see me tomorrow, he would know me. 3. If I became a scientist in the future, I would try to find a cure for cancer. 總結(jié)：表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，if從句：一般過(guò)去時(shí)/ should +v.(原)/were to+v.(原)，主句：would/should/could/might +v.(原) 四、練習(xí)鞏固 I. 根據(jù)首字母或漢語(yǔ)提示，填入正確的單詞。 1. The word “advice” is an a_________ noun. 2. Art is influenced by the customs and f______ of people. 3. Although the sun came through the window, most of the rooms stayed in s______. 4. How r___________ it is that a country with so much rain should be short of water. 5. When you go to New York, you can see many art g__________. 6. Study hard, and you will achieve your a____ in time. 7. The prisoners a_________ to escape, but failed. 8. The p___________ of large amount of money does not always bring happiness. 9. Peter got up too late, ______________(因此) he was late for school this morning. 10. It is a _______________(爭(zhēng)議的) issue and we had better leave it aside for the moment. REFERENCE: 1.abstract 2.faith 3.shadow 4.ridiculous 5. galleries 6. aim 7.attempted 8.possession 9.consequently 10.controversial II. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子。 1) If you had been here yesterday, you _______________________(see) her. 2) If I _______________ (not come) to work in Xinjiang, I _________________(not meet) you, and I __________________(not know) you. But I did. 3) If I were you, I ________________ (not buy) abstract painting. 4) If I ________(be) in your position, I _____________(accept) their offer. 5) If he ____________________(come) tomorrow, we ____________ (be) greatly surprised. 6) If the sun _______________ (rise) in the west, I _______________ (follow) you. 7) If we ____________________(not have) a great deal of time, we _____________ (not be) able to complete the project as you wish. REFERENCES:1.would have seen 2.had not come to work, would not have met 3.would not buy 4.were, would accept 5.should come/ were to come/ came, would be 6.rose, would follow 7.had not had, would not have been BOOK6 Unit2 Poems 1、 重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié) 1. convey: 運(yùn)送，傳達(dá)，表達(dá) convey sth. to sb. 向某人傳達(dá)某事 關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ): carry-搬運(yùn) transport-運(yùn)輸 express-表達(dá) transmit-傳送 The old farmer conveyed his farm to his son.老農(nóng)夫?qū)⑥r(nóng)場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)讓給了兒子。 2. flexible, adj, 靈活的，可彎曲的 flexibly: adv. 靈活地 flexibility: n. 靈活性，韌性 We need a foreign policy that is more flexible. 我們需要一個(gè)更為靈活的外交政策。 3. take it easy: 放輕松，放心好了（相當(dāng)于take things easy） 聯(lián)想記憶：take one’s time(Don’t hurry, there is enough time.)別著急，慢慢來(lái); take sth. seriously: 重視某事，認(rèn)真對(duì)待某事；take sth. for granted: 認(rèn)為……理所當(dāng)然 Take it easy, you will be all right in a couple of days. 4. eventually: adv. 最終，終于，相當(dāng)于finally, at last或in the end. 區(qū)別：eventually：強(qiáng)調(diào)作為結(jié)果而最終發(fā)生；at last:通常表示在等待很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后終于發(fā)生，帶有較濃厚的感情色彩，如，不耐煩，放心，如愿等。 in the end: 用于預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)。 I will spare time to mend it eventually. 5. make sense:有意義，講得通，明智的，合理的；in no sense:絕不，一點(diǎn)也不 No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn’t make sense. 6. run out of: 用完，花光 （以人作主語(yǔ)）；run out=become used up(不及物動(dòng)詞) 用完了，通常以時(shí)間，食物，金錢(qián)等。 We are running out of our money. 我們快要花光錢(qián)了。 run short of:短缺，缺乏；give out:(不及物動(dòng)詞)用盡，分發(fā)，宣布；use up: (及物動(dòng)詞)用完，耗盡 Can you spare me some paper? Mine has been run out. 7. be made up of=consist of 由……組成 The committee is made up of (consist of)12 members. make up:構(gòu)成，組成，編造，化妝 make up for: 彌補(bǔ) make out: 分辨，辨認(rèn)出 8. in particular=particularly 特別，尤其 be particular about: 挑剔，對(duì)……苛刻 Her figure looks so elegant but her smile is in particular attractive. 9. worth a try: 值得一試 二、重點(diǎn)句型總結(jié) 1. There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人們寫(xiě)詩(shī)有各種各樣的理由。 這是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，從句why people write poetry修飾先行詞reason，連詞why 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。可用for which替換。 You must tell me the reason why you won’t accept his gift. This is the reason (that) he gave me.(that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用which替換） 拓展：This is why …這就是……的原因（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果） This is because …這是因?yàn)椤◤?qiáng)調(diào)原因） The reason why …is that… ……的原因是……（此句型中喲搬用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，而不用because） The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus. 2. It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers. 它不屬于英詩(shī)的傳統(tǒng)形式，但是在英國(guó)作家中非常流行。 not…but… 不是……而是……，引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的成分。連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，適用就近原則，謂語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)要與but后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 3. Where she awaits her husband on and on the river flows. 她在河邊等待夫君的歸來(lái)。 （1） 當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞（如：the room, the case, the situation, the scene等），且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用where或介詞+which. （2） Where引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其前面沒(méi)有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，且where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句前。 （3） 先行詞雖為表地點(diǎn)的名詞，但引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)要用that或which，而不能用where。 三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) Grammar----Subjunctive mood (II) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（2） （一）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 1. 用在wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中 wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 主句 用法 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 主語(yǔ)+wish 表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were） 表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 had+過(guò)去分詞 表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 would（could）+動(dòng)詞原形 I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道發(fā)生什么事情。 He wishes he could become a scientist some day. 他希望將來(lái)的某一天能成為科學(xué)家。 How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去車(chē)站送過(guò)她就好了，但我太忙了。 注：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)I wish I could…，一般不說(shuō)I wish I would…。 2. 用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句 表示命令、建議、要求等動(dòng)詞后面的從句中用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其中”should”可以省略，這些動(dòng)詞可速記為： 一堅(jiān)持（insist）； 二命令（command, order） 三建議（advise, suggest,proposal） 四要求（request, require, demand, desire） I insisted that we (should) tell this to her. 我堅(jiān)持要求我們?cè)摪堰@是告訴他。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 注：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明，暗示”時(shí)，其后的從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 He insisted that he was honest. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3. 用在would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中 would rather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去的愿望用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暫時(shí)先不要對(duì)此事發(fā)表意見(jiàn)。 Wouldn’t you rather your child went to bed early? 為什么你不愿讓你的孩子早點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)呢？ I’d rather you hadn’t said it. （二）含蓄條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 有時(shí)在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、連詞、分詞短語(yǔ)或其他方式表示。常用的表達(dá)有：without, but for, otherwise, or及but 等。 Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert. （三）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在錯(cuò)綜條件句中，if從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間而定。 If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in hospital now. If I were you, I would have taken his advice yesterday. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句及同位語(yǔ)從句中的用法 1) 在it is demanded（表命令、建議、要求的一類詞）/ necessary(important, natural, strange)/a pity（a shame）…that …等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should+) do, 其中should可以省略。 It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚準(zhǔn)備好。 It is a pity that Lucy (should) be so careless. 2) 在suggestion, proposal,order, plan, idea,advice等需要有內(nèi)涵的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用（should+）do,should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help them. （四）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法 1) 在as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句： as if/as though 時(shí)間 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式 與過(guò)去相反 had+過(guò)去分詞 與現(xiàn)在相反 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were） 與將來(lái)相反 would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形 I’ve loved you as if you were my son. It seems as if he had just returned from the Mars. 2） 在in order that…, so that…引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用may /might/ can/ could+動(dòng)詞原形。 The teacher spoke slowly in order that the students could/ might hear clearly. （五）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他一些句型中的用法 1） it is (high) time that…從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以使用過(guò)去式，也可以使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，表示“早該……了”，其中should不能省略。 It’s time we got/ should get up. 2) if only…！ 要是……多好??！ If only he could come tomorrow! 4、 鞏固練習(xí) I. 用所給短語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。 take it easy; run out of; make up; in particular; be popular with; make sense; be well worth a try; give… a strong impression; convey one’s feelings; transform…into 1. I found it hard to ___________________in words. 2. ________________, you are sure to pass the examination. 3. We need two more persons to _______________ a team. 4. His money is _____________________. 5. Liu Qian’s magic tricks are _______________ the young students. 6. It is a good chance which is ______________________. 7. Yesterday I saw a film, which _____ me __________________. 8. I noticed his eyes ________________, because they were such an unusual color. 9. What he said doesn’t ______ any sense. 10. A steam engine can _________ heat _______ power. II、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 1） Without your help, we ____________________________(not succeed) in the experiment. 2） But for the rain, we _____________________________(finish) the work already. 3） If he ___________________(not work) hard last year, he _____________(not get) such a great success now. 4） If it had rained last night, the ground __________________(be) wet now. 5） I’m really busy, otherwise I ______________(go) there with you. 6）It is suggested that the English evening ___________________________(hold) on Saturday. 7）It is necessary that he __________________________（send）to Beijing right away. 8）He behaved as though nothing _________________(happen). 9）It is time that he ________________________(make a decision). 10）Their plan is that they ___________________(build) a new factory in their hometown. 11）If only I _______(have) a bigger house! Reference: 1.couldn’t have succeeded; 2.would have finished; 3.had not worked, wouldn’t get; 4.would be; 5.would go 6.should be held 7.should be sent 8.had happened 9.should make/made 10.would build 11.had BOOK6 Unit3 A healthy life 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié) 1.stress: 壓力，重音(n & v); stressful: 有壓力的，緊張的; under stress: 在壓力下; under the stress of …… 在……壓力下; lay/ put/ place stress on sth. 把重點(diǎn)放在……上; stress the importance of : 強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性; in the stress of the moment: 一時(shí)緊張 He began begging under great stress of life. 2.due to: 由于，歸功于;be due to do sth.: 定于某時(shí)做某事；預(yù)期發(fā)生 be due to sb.:應(yīng)支持/給予/歸于某人；欠下 because of: 因?yàn)?，由于，在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)，后接名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ)。 due to/ owing to:意為“由于，因?yàn)椤?，在句中通常作狀語(yǔ)。 thanks to: 意為“多虧了，幸虧，由于”等，它引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)可表達(dá)正面意義，也可表達(dá)諷刺意義。 The accident happened due to the heavy fog. Because of his illness, he couldn’t attend the meeting. They couldn’t cross the river owing to the flood. Thanks to your help, I could solve the problem. 3.addicted:入了迷的， 上了癮的; addiction:n. 成癮，吸毒成癮; addictive：adj. 使人上癮的; be addicted to sth.: 沉溺于某物; be addicted to doing sth.: 專心做某事 Many kids have now become addicted to surfing the Internet. 4.become/be/get accustomed to: 習(xí)慣于……，to是介詞，后接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式; accustomed oneself to sth:使某人習(xí)慣于…… You will soon get accustomed to the job. 5.do/cause damage to sth./sb.=damage傷害，損傷；do good to sb: 對(duì)某人又好處; do wrong to: 冤屈，冤枉; be good to=be kind to 對(duì)……好心； do well in:擅長(zhǎng)； be bad/poor at=be weak in: 不擅長(zhǎng) Pollution is doing damage to our health. 6.decide on/upon: 決斷，選定；decide against:決定不，決定反對(duì); decide on a career: 選定職業(yè) Don’t decide on important matters too quickly. 7.feel like sth/doing sth= would like sth/to do sth 想，愿意; would like to do sth:想要做某事; prefer to do sth: 喜歡做某事; would rather do…than do…寧愿做……而不愿……; prefer doing(sth) to (doing) sth:寧愿做……而不愿……；prefer to do sth rather than do sth: 寧愿做……而不愿…… What would you like to do with it? 你想如何處理它？ 8.ashamed:感到慚愧的，羞恥的（常作表語(yǔ)）；shameful:可恥的，不道德的（貶義詞）；shameless: 無(wú)恥的; be ashamed of doing sth:為（做）某事而感到羞愧; I feel ashamed of having done so little for the people. 2、 重點(diǎn)句型總結(jié) 1. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. 本句是復(fù)合句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的that從句。此外，也可以是不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句。It is +adj. +that從句，真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句，常見(jiàn)的it作主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)還有： （1） it is a fact (a shame/ a pity/ no wonder) that… （2） It is said (reported/ decided/ suggested…) that… （3） It seems (happened/ doesn’t matter/ has turned out…) that… It is hard to finish the work in two days. 2. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking. It was time to do sth. 表示“到……的時(shí)候了” It is (high) time for sb to do sth=It is (high/about) time that sb. did/should do sth. 到某人做某事的時(shí)候了 It is high time for us to say good-bye. =It is high time that we should say goodbye. 3. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 該句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，從句為every time引起的一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，詞句中every time起到了連詞的作用。英語(yǔ)中起連詞作用的名詞詞組還有：each time(每次)；next time(下一次)；the first/ last time(第一次/ 最后一次)；the moment/ instant/ minute(一……就……)等。 Each time I was in trouble, he could come to help me out. 3、 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法總結(jié) Grammar: the use of “it”（I） （一）it用作人稱代詞和非人稱代詞 1. 作人稱代詞 人稱代詞it一詞是有實(shí)際意義的，是單數(shù)第三人稱代詞。主格與賓格相同。 （1） 指代人以外的一切生物或事物，如前文提到的事物或未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事。 Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn’t it? It doesn’t matter. （2）替代前文中的this，that This is your plan? Will you hand it in? （3）指代嬰兒，小孩或性別不明的人 The baby is crying. It might be hungry. ----Someone is ringing. Who might it be? ----It must be my friend Tom. He (不可用it) wants to see you. 2. 作非人稱代詞 it用作無(wú)人稱的主語(yǔ)，不指物，而表示時(shí)間、天氣、環(huán)境、氣候、季節(jié)、距離、金錢(qián)等自然現(xiàn)象，或指事物的狀態(tài)。 It was very noisy at that time.(指代環(huán)境) It is half past three now.(指代時(shí)間) It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.(指代距離) It was very cold.(指代天氣) It is 5 dollars.(指代金錢(qián)) 3. it, one, that, those和which的區(qū)別： 1) it 指上文提到過(guò)的同一樣事物，one則泛指上文提到過(guò)的同一類事物中的一個(gè)； There are many dictionaries in that bookstore. So I bought one.(one泛指其中之一) 2) that 作代詞替代前面提到的事物(多用于比較)，可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞皆可，代替可數(shù)名詞可用the one代替，that的復(fù)數(shù)形式為those,只可替代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，在句中相當(dāng)于the ones. The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in theirs. The students who do best in the exam are not always those with the best brains. 3) it和which都可用來(lái)指代某一事件，關(guān)鍵要看兩個(gè)句子之間是否有并列連詞，如果有就用it，反之用which。 He was badly ill, and it made his mother worried. He was badly ill, which made his mother worried.(which指代前面整個(gè)主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)) （二）it作形式主語(yǔ) It is difficult to translate the article.(真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)) It is no use going there so early.(真正的主語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，it為形式主語(yǔ)) It is obvious that he is a cheater.(真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)) it可充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，本身無(wú)意義，后面真正的主語(yǔ)通常是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，-ing分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，或名詞性從句。 （三）it用作形式賓語(yǔ) I found it possible to do this regularly.(it 為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是to do this regularly) She thought it no use worrying about him.(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，worrying about him是真正的賓語(yǔ)) He made it clear that his family is poor.(it為形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是that從句) it作形式賓語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有： 主+謂語(yǔ)+it+adj/n+動(dòng)詞不定式/動(dòng)詞-ing形式/從句 （四）it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中 It was him who/that you should ask.(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，既可用who,也可用that) It was on the street that I found the bag.(被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是地點(diǎn)，只能用that) it用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型當(dāng)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：it is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子其他成分。 （五）it的其他固定搭配 1. It is brave of her to go home alone at night. It is/was+adj (of/for sb) to do sth; 2. It is no use talking to him about it. It is/was no use/good+doing; it is well worth doing sth; 3. It was no wonder that she was so angry. It is/was no wonder（a pity/a shame）that…; 4. It is natural that he (should) say so. It is/was+adj+從句； 5. It is reported that the road was closed. It is/was+過(guò)去分詞+that從句（say,think,believe,hope,expect） 6. It (so) happens that the ticket were sold out. It (so) happened that…碰巧…… 7. It seems(seemed)/appears(appeared) that …似乎 8. It occured to sb that…，某人突然想起…… 9. It turned（s） out that …，結(jié)果是…… 四、鞏固練習(xí) I. 用所給詞的正確形式填空。 1. The doctor warned not to drink ___________(alcohol) drinks. 2. Some ___________ (adolescent) have got into the habit of taking drugs. 3. A ____________ is going to be invited to give us a talk about the _______ industry.(chemistry) 4. What he has done ___________________ (disappointed) his mother a lot. 5. Though he was a new-man, he got ________________(accustom) to the way of life here very soon. 6. People can easily become ___________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them. 7. If he does anything ___________(shame), I will not go away with him. 8. He is not good at _____________(manage) his money. 9. It was a very ___________(stress) time for all of us. 10. It’s ________ (legal) to drive through a red light. II. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1. 36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class. ____ ____ _____ ______36 students passed the exam in our class. 2. To give up smoking is not easy. ____ ______ not easy to give up smoking. 3. Deb