加工中心主軸傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),加工,中心,主軸,傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng),設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 加工中心由于備有刀庫(kù)并能自動(dòng)更換刀具，使得工件在一次裝夾中可以完成多工序的加工。加工中心一般不需要人為干預(yù)，當(dāng)機(jī)床開始執(zhí)行程序后，它將一直運(yùn)行到程序結(jié)束。加工中心還賦予了專業(yè)化車間一些諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如：降低機(jī)床的故障率，提高生產(chǎn)效率，提高加工精度，削減廢料量，縮短檢驗(yàn)時(shí)間，降低刀具成本，改善庫(kù)存量等。由于加工中心的眾多優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以它深受全球制造企業(yè)的青睞。 加工中心主要由主軸組件、回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)、移動(dòng)工作臺(tái)、刀庫(kù)及自動(dòng)換刀裝置以及其它機(jī)械功能部件組成。其中的主軸組件是機(jī)床重要的組成部分，其運(yùn)動(dòng)性能直接影響機(jī)床加工精度與表面粗糙度。本文在查閱大量國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)研究分析不同加工中心主軸組件的性能，綜合地比較了其特點(diǎn)，并擬定了一個(gè)較為合理的主軸組件結(jié)構(gòu)方案。同時(shí)，還就主軸、軸承以及絲杠等重要零件的機(jī)械性能進(jìn)行了探討，并對(duì)這些零件的剛度和強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了校核。此外，本設(shè)計(jì)中所采用的陶瓷軸承能有效地增加主軸的剛度，從而提高了加工中心的可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。 關(guān)鍵詞 主軸組件；加工中心；數(shù)控機(jī)床 I Abstract Machining center evolved from the need to be able to perform a variety of operations and machining sequences on a workpiece on a single machine in one setup. Machining center requires little operator intervention, and once the machine has been set up, it will machine without stopping until the end of the program is reached. Some of the other advantages that machining centers give a manufacturing shop are greater machine uptime, increased productivity, maximum part accuracy, reduced scrap, less inspection time, lower tooling costs, less inventory and so on. Because of their many advantages, machining centers become widely accepted by manufacturing enterprises in the world. Machining centers are equipped with spindle units, rotary workbench, moving workbench, tool magazines and automatic tool changers, and other mechanical function components. Spindle unit is the important motion part of the metal cutting machine tool. Its movement behavior affects the machining accuracy and surface roughness of part to be machined. Through referring to a variety of technical literatures, the characteristics of some kinds of spindle units are compared with each other based on analysis and research work on different machining centers. A reasonable scheme can be studied out. Meanwhile, the mechanical behaviors of principle parts such as the spindle, bearings and lead screw are discussed. Their rigidity and strength are calculated and examined here. Morever, a kind of advanced ceramic bearings is introduced into the spindle unit, which can effectively enhance the rigidity of spindle units. They will improve the reliability and stability of machining centers. Key words spindle unit;machining center; NC machine tool -II- 目 錄 摘 要 I Abstract II 第1章 緒 論 1 1.1 加工中心的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r 1 1.1.1 加工中心的國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展 1 1.1.2 主軸部件的研究進(jìn)展 2 1.3 課題擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題 3 1.4 解決上述問(wèn)題的策略 4 第2章 方案擬定 5 2.1 加工中心主軸組件的組成 5 2.2 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)方案的確定 5 2.2.1 主軸傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu) 5 2.2.2 主軸進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu) 6 2.2.3 主軸準(zhǔn)停機(jī)構(gòu) 7 2.3 加工中心主軸組件總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的確定 9 第3章 主軸組件的主運(yùn)動(dòng)部件 11 3.1 主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用 11 3.1.1 主電機(jī)功率估算 11 3.1.2 主電機(jī)選型 12 3.2 主軸 12 3.2.1 主軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 12 3.2.1.1 主軸軸徑的確定 13 3.2.2 主軸受力分析 13 3.2.3 主軸的強(qiáng)度校核 16 3.2.4 主軸的剛度校核 17 3.2.5 軸承的配合 18 3.2.6 主軸軸承設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 18 3.2.6.1 軸承受力分析 18 3.2.6.2 軸承7017AC壽命計(jì)算 19 3.2.6.3 軸承7015AC壽命計(jì)算 19 3.3同步帶的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 20 第4章 主軸組件的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)部件 24 4.1 進(jìn)給電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用 24 4.1.1 進(jìn)給電動(dòng)機(jī)功率的估算 24 4.1.2 進(jìn)給電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用 24 4.2 聯(lián)軸器的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 25 4.3 垂直方向伺服進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 25 4.3.1 切力削估算 25 4.3.2 滾珠絲杠副的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 26 4.3.2.1 滾珠絲杠的導(dǎo)程的確定 26 4.3.2.2 確定絲杠的等效轉(zhuǎn)速 26 4.3.2.3 確定絲杠的等效負(fù)載 26 4.3.2.4 確定絲杠所受的最大動(dòng)載荷 27 結(jié) 論 28 致 謝 30 參考文獻(xiàn) 31 附錄1 33 附錄2 37 -IV- - 5 -