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1、4 Composer germson Ill Be BachComposer David Cope is the inventor of a computerprogram that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years todevelop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between musicby the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-

2、likecompositions from Copes computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, whenCope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of newmelodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first thismusic was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to r

3、ethink howhuman beings compose music. He realized that composers，brains work like big databases.First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take outthe music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope, only the great composers are a

4、ble to create the databaseaccurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it.Cope built a huge database of existing music. He beganwith hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smallerpieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into

5、new patterns.Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a wholeopera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyzemore complex music. He also added many other composers, including h

6、is own work,to the database.A few years later，Copes computer program, called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computersmusical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took o

7、nlytwo weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactlyhow he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousandsof compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he like

8、s and doesntlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing thesedays!詞匯：original/rdnl / adj有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的collaboration/ klæbren / n合作review/rvju:/ n評(píng)論feedback/fi:dbæk / n反饋?zhàn)⑨孞.S. Bach約翰塞巴斯蒂安巴赫（德語(yǔ)：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日一1750年7月28日），巴洛克時(shí)期的德國(guó)作曲家，杰出的管風(fēng)琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家，同作

9、曲家亨德?tīng)柡吞├章R名。巴赫被普遍認(rèn)為是音樂(lè)史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱(chēng)為“西方現(xiàn)代音樂(lè)之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。練習(xí)：1The music composed by David cope is about _.AClassical musicBpop music CdramaDcountry music2By developing a computer software，David cope aimed _.Ato be like BachBto study BachCto write an operaDto create a musical database3What d

10、id cope realize about a great composers brain?AIt forms new musical patterns allby itselfBIt writes a computer programCIt can recognize any music patternsDIt creates an accurate database4Who is Emmy?Aa databaseBa computer software Ca composer who helped DavidDan opera5We can infer from the passage t

11、hat _.ADavid Cope is a computerprogrammer.BDavid Cope loves music.CBachs music helped him a lot.DEmmy did much more work than a composer.答案與題解：1A第一段的第一句：David Cope發(fā)明了一個(gè)可以編寫(xiě)出古典音樂(lè)的電腦軟件。2C從第二段的第一句可以看出，David編寫(xiě)電腦軟件的目的是寫(xiě)歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創(chuàng)作歌劇的一部分。3D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的構(gòu)建、記憶而后創(chuàng)作出新的音樂(lè)形式。4B從第五

12、段第一句可知Emmy是一計(jì)算機(jī)軟件。5D從本文第一句可知David是一個(gè)作曲家，不是計(jì)算機(jī)程序員，所以排除A;B、C內(nèi)容沒(méi)有提及；從本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的創(chuàng)作速度，最后一句，大部分困難的工作都由Emmy來(lái)做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。中文：我也能成為巴赫作曲家大衛(wèi)科普發(fā)明了一個(gè)電腦軟件，它能編寫(xiě)出古典音樂(lè)的原創(chuàng)作品。科普花了 30年才 完成這個(gè)軟件，現(xiàn)在，科普的電腦寫(xiě)出的作品與德國(guó)著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫(xiě)的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。這一切始于1980年的美國(guó)，那時(shí)科普正在寫(xiě)一部戲劇，但是他無(wú)法創(chuàng)作出新的旋律.于楚他 編寫(xiě)了一個(gè)電腦軟件來(lái)幫他編曲

13、。最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，軟件寫(xiě)出的樂(lè)曲并不動(dòng)聽(tīng)?？破帐窃趺醋龅哪?？ 他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認(rèn)識(shí)到作曲家的大腦就像一個(gè)大數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，他們先是吸收他們 聽(tīng)過(guò)的所有音樂(lè)，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據(jù)留下的音樂(lè)來(lái)創(chuàng)作出新的旋律?？破照J(rèn)為， 只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，并且能熟記于心，從而創(chuàng)造出新的音樂(lè)?？破崭鶕?jù)現(xiàn)有的音樂(lè)建立了龐大的數(shù)據(jù)庳，最開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)包含了幾百部巴赫的作品。 科普的軟件將這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析：首先它將音樂(lè)拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個(gè)軟件就能夠?qū)懗龊桶秃诊L(fēng)格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這 只是個(gè)開(kāi)始?？破罩?，他要做的還有很多

14、一他得寫(xiě)出一整部歌劇。他進(jìn)一步完普他的軟件，不久它就 能夠?qū)懗龈鼜?fù)雜的音樂(lè)了。他還在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經(jīng)能夠幫助他創(chuàng)作歌劇了。創(chuàng)作過(guò)程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科贅聆聽(tīng)艾米寫(xiě)出的音樂(lè)片段，從中選取他認(rèn)為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個(gè) 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做搖籃墜落。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來(lái)最高 的評(píng)價(jià)，但是沒(méi)有人知道他究竟是怎樣創(chuàng)作出這部歌劇的。從那以后，艾米已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了上千部作品?？破宅F(xiàn)在依然會(huì)給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂(lè)是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現(xiàn)在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來(lái)完成的！Mu

15、sical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Techs Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “m

16、usical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robots creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync

17、 with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the users mobile device. In other words, if theres an “app” for th

18、at, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phones camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the

19、 phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bretan. “Shimi shows us that robots can

20、 be creative and interactive. Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the users song cho

21、ices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimis creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the proc

22、ess of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一 small, entertaining and fun，Weinberg

23、 said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.”詞匯：pump v.用抽水機(jī)抽;不斷播放（音樂(lè)）scan v.掃描;瀏覽skip v.輕跳，跳躍sync n.同步，同時(shí);v.使同步 tempo n.速度;節(jié)奏注釋?zhuān)?. Georgia Tech:全稱(chēng)是 Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亞理工學(xué)院，建于 1885 年，位于亞特蘭大市中心。佐治亞理工學(xué)齒是美國(guó)南部最大的公立理工學(xué)院,也是全美最頂尖的理 工學(xué)

24、院之一，排名僅次于麻省理工學(xué)院(MIT)和加州理工學(xué)院(CalTech)。2. pump:不斷播放(音樂(lè)）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music. (這家廣播電臺(tái)近來(lái)連續(xù)播放流行音樂(lè)。)3. smartphone-enabled:由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的4. is billed as:相當(dāng)于 is advertised as，意為“被標(biāo)榜為”。5. docking station: 插接站,擴(kuò)充基座，擴(kuò)展插口-6. Android:(科幻小說(shuō)里的)機(jī)器人。本文指用于智能手機(jī)和便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)設(shè)備的一種以Linus為基礎(chǔ)的開(kāi)放源代碼操作

25、系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)接口和插槽連接多種外部設(shè)備。目前Android 尚未有統(tǒng)一中文譯名，國(guó)內(nèi)較多人翻譯成“安卓”或“安致”。據(jù)2012年2月數(shù)據(jù), Android 占據(jù)全球智能手機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)52.5%的份額,中國(guó)市場(chǎng)占有率為68.4%。7. dock：對(duì)接8. the sensing and musical generation capabilities:傳感和音樂(lè)生成能力9. app:應(yīng)用程序（=application)10. if the user taps a beat:如果用戶(hù)打出某個(gè)(音樂(lè)）拍子11. in the works:正在準(zhǔn)備階段;在進(jìn)行中或準(zhǔn)備中12. intelligent s

26、ervice robots:智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人練習(xí)：1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical gen

27、eration capabilities of the users mobile device.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?A It stores the beat in the musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It positions its speakers for optimal sound.D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that

28、beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception.B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song.C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down

29、the volume.D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech. to develop more apps for Shimi.C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commerciali

30、zation.D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes.5. Which of the following is Weinbergs assertion?A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones.B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.C Shi

31、mis creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users.D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案與題解：1. B在前三段中均可找到與選項(xiàng)A、C、D相應(yīng)的句子，強(qiáng)調(diào)Shimi是一種電子設(shè)備;B與原文不符, Shimi不是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者,Gil Weinberg教授才是the robots creator。2. D選項(xiàng)D簡(jiǎn)要地表述了第三段的倒數(shù)第二句“If the user ta

32、ps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phones musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思,所以是答案。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都不符合上述句子的含義。3. D選項(xiàng)A的意思與原文相反。雖然人們認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi卻表現(xiàn)出具有創(chuàng)造能力和互動(dòng)能力，所以A不是答案。選項(xiàng)D的意思與原文相同，因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未來(lái)的應(yīng)用程序: future apps in the works,而選項(xiàng)B,C是指目前的應(yīng)用程序，兩者

33、的表述均與原文有出入。4. A第三段介紹Shimi的多種功能，第四段和第五段說(shuō)Weinberg還在開(kāi)發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序來(lái)豐富Shimi的功能，還希望其他研發(fā)者也參與開(kāi)發(fā)，因此，A是答案。選項(xiàng)B說(shuō)Weinberg 僅僅希望Georgia Tech員工參與開(kāi)發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用軟件，這與原文不符。文章最后一段告訴我們,Weinberg正在與Georgia Tech進(jìn)行有關(guān)Shimi商業(yè)化的談判,選項(xiàng)C的意思與此相反，不會(huì)是答案。選項(xiàng)D也與原文不符。5. B選項(xiàng)A、C和D的內(nèi)容Weinberg都沒(méi)有說(shuō)過(guò)。第三段告訴我們，Shimi是Android smart phone的擴(kuò)充基座，并不適用于所有智能手機(jī)，所以

34、A選項(xiàng)不正確；Shimi尚未進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，還談不上公眾對(duì)Shimi欣賞與否的問(wèn)題，因此選項(xiàng)C不符合原意；Shimi正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化運(yùn)作，但絕非已經(jīng)完成，所以D也不是正確選項(xiàng)。本題的答案是B,依據(jù)是最后一段倒數(shù)第二句。參考譯文音樂(lè)機(jī)器人伴侶提升音樂(lè)欣賞體驗(yàn)Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學(xué)音樂(lè)技術(shù)中心研發(fā)的一款音樂(lè)伴侶。它可以根據(jù)聽(tīng)者的反饋推薦合乎節(jié)拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不斷播放音樂(lè)。這款髙1英尺的機(jī)器人是由智能手機(jī)系統(tǒng)支持的，因此被標(biāo)榜為“一個(gè)可以互動(dòng)的音樂(lè)朋友”。Gil Weinberg教授是該機(jī)器人的發(fā)明者，他解釋說(shuō)：“Shimi設(shè)計(jì)的宗旨是改變?nèi)藗冃蕾p音樂(lè)、認(rèn)識(shí)音樂(lè)的方式。”他將在今年6月27日在舊金

35、山的谷歌I/O大會(huì)上展示這款機(jī)器人。一個(gè)由三個(gè)機(jī)器人組成的樂(lè)隊(duì)將為來(lái)賓演奏，并伴隨音樂(lè)起舞。而音樂(lè)是根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式編制的。Shimi實(shí)際上是一個(gè)擴(kuò)充基座，它的“大腦”由安卓手機(jī)控制。一旦連接上，機(jī)器人便從用戶(hù)的移動(dòng)裝置獲得傳感和音樂(lè)生成能力。換言之，只要有應(yīng)用程序，機(jī)器人便能使用。例如，通過(guò)手機(jī)的照相機(jī)和辨認(rèn)臉型的軟件，Shimi就能在房間周?chē)櫟铰?tīng)眾，然后安置好它的“耳朵”或揚(yáng)聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識(shí)別特征是基于節(jié)奏和速度。如果用戶(hù)打出某個(gè)（音樂(lè)）拍子，Shimi會(huì)對(duì)此進(jìn)行分析，然后瀏覽手機(jī)的音樂(lè)庫(kù)，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂(lè)。一旦音樂(lè)響起來(lái)，Shimi就隨韻律起舞。“許多

36、人認(rèn)為機(jī)器人受到程序指令的限制，而Shiini給我們展示了機(jī)器人可以具有創(chuàng)造力和與人交互的能力?！币魳?lè)技術(shù)博士研究生Mason Bretan如是說(shuō)。正在研發(fā)中的程序?qū)⑹褂脩?hù)能溝通過(guò)搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來(lái)提醒Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。機(jī)器人還可根據(jù)用戶(hù)對(duì)歌曲的選擇推薦新音樂(lè)，并對(duì)音樂(lè)播放列表提供反饋。Weinberg希望其他研發(fā)者會(huì)因此獲得靈感，開(kāi)發(fā)更多的應(yīng)用程序，來(lái)擴(kuò)展Shimi的創(chuàng)新和交互功能。他說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為我們中心正在引領(lǐng)這場(chǎng)將更多機(jī)器人應(yīng)用到家庭中去的變革?！盬einberg正在通過(guò)獲得佐治亞理工學(xué)院的獨(dú)家授權(quán)來(lái)對(duì)Shimi進(jìn)行商業(yè)推廣。Weinberg希望到2013年的節(jié)日季消費(fèi)者可購(gòu)買(mǎi)到Shimi。Weinberg說(shuō)：“如果機(jī)器人進(jìn)入家庭，我們認(rèn)為就應(yīng)該是這種類(lèi)型的機(jī)器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質(zhì)量，為更多智能服務(wù)型機(jī)器人進(jìn)人我們的生活做好準(zhǔn)備。