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1、單單詞詞名名詞詞與自然及環(huán)境有關(guān)：與自然及環(huán)境有關(guān)：catastrophe, flood, pollution, circumstance與數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)有關(guān)：與數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)有關(guān)：graph, phenomenon, quantity, data, trend, range, tendency, growth其它：其它：fuel, motor, can, microwave, existence, consequence, commitment, disagreement, educator, contribution, presentation單詞單詞動(dòng)動(dòng)詞詞consume, subscribe, r

2、efresh, oppose, state, glance, advocate, tend形形容容詞詞random, opposed, mild, steady, widespread, average, outer, electrical, casual, nuclear副副詞詞steadily介介詞詞per短短語(yǔ)語(yǔ)詞詞匯匯表表come about, subscribe to, quantities of, go up, result in, be opposed to, even if, keep on, on the whole, on behalf of, put up with, s

3、o long as, and so on課課文文中中run out, heat up, rather than, due to, build up, as a result of, put on, instead of, cut down, work on句句式式1. It is a(n) . when compared to .例句：例句：It is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.2. 祈使句祈使句+ if circumstances allow you to.例句：例句：Recycle cans, bottl

4、es, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法法“it”的用法（二）的用法（二）1. _ n. 數(shù)量數(shù)量2. _ n. 資料資料; 數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)3. _ vt. 反對(duì)反對(duì); 反抗反抗4. _ n. 趨勢(shì)趨勢(shì); 傾向傾向; 走向走向5. _ vt. 陳述陳述 n. 狀態(tài)狀態(tài), 國(guó)家國(guó)家6. _ n. 變化范圍變化范圍 v. 涉及涉及7. _ adj. 平穩(wěn)的平穩(wěn)的; 持續(xù)的持續(xù)的quantitydataopposetrendstate(一一) 基本基本單詞單詞rangesteady8. _ n. 標(biāo)題標(biāo)題; 名稱名稱

5、; 頭銜頭銜9. _ n. 圖表圖表; 曲線圖曲線圖10. _ adj. 分布廣的分布廣的titlegraphwidespread11. _ vt. 使恢復(fù)使恢復(fù); 使振作使振作12. _ v. 趨向趨向; 照顧照顧; 護(hù)理護(hù)理13. famine n. _14. renewable adj. _15. phenomenon n. _refreshtend饑荒饑荒可更新的可更新的; 能再生的能再生的現(xiàn)象現(xiàn)象16. consequence n. _17. catastrophe n. _18. individual n. & adj. _19. advocate vt. _20. consume

6、 vt. _結(jié)果結(jié)果; 后來(lái)后來(lái)大災(zāi)難大災(zāi)難; 浩劫浩劫個(gè)人個(gè)人; 個(gè)體個(gè)體提倡提倡; 主張主張; 擁護(hù)擁護(hù)消費(fèi)消費(fèi); 吃完吃完1. _ vt. 陳述陳述(正式正式) n. 國(guó)家國(guó)家; 狀態(tài)狀態(tài); 州州 adj. 國(guó)立的國(guó)立的 _ n.說(shuō)明說(shuō)明, 陳述陳述 _ adj. 宏大的宏大的; 優(yōu)雅從容的優(yōu)雅從容的 _ 搭配搭配處于處于狀態(tài)狀態(tài)in a . state / in a state of .statementstatelystate(二二) 派生單詞派生單詞2. _ vt. 使恢復(fù)使恢復(fù); 使振作使振作 _ adj. 使人振作的使人振作的 _ adj. 振作的振作的; 精神的精神的 _ n

7、. (精力精力)恢復(fù)恢復(fù); 點(diǎn)心點(diǎn)心refreshmentrefreshingrefreshedrefresh3. _ vi. 趨向趨向; 易于易于; 照顧照顧 vt. 照顧照顧; 護(hù)理護(hù)理 _ n. 傾向傾向; 趨勢(shì)趨勢(shì)tendencytend 1. compare.to _2. come about _3. result in _4. be opposed to _5. on behalf of _6. put up with _把把比作比作出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn); 發(fā)生發(fā)生導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致反對(duì)反對(duì)代表代表; 作作的代言人的代言人忍受忍受; 容忍容忍(三三) 短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)7. build up _8. 堅(jiān)持堅(jiān)持;

8、持續(xù)持續(xù) _9. 大體上大體上; 基本上基本上 _10. 只要只要 _11. 如此如此; 等等等等 _12. 有意義有意義; 有差別有差別 _make a difference鍛煉鍛煉; 健身健身; 增強(qiáng)增強(qiáng)keep onso long asand so onon the whole【拓展【拓展】 consumer n. 消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者, 顧客顧客1. consume vt. 消費(fèi)消費(fèi); 消耗消耗(時(shí)間、能源或燃料時(shí)間、能源或燃料 等等); 耗盡耗盡; 吃完吃完; 毀滅毀滅, 燒毀燒毀 【教材原句【教材原句】 Make a list of the things that consume ener

9、gy in your home, school, or any other places you can think of. 把在你家中、學(xué)校里或在你能想到的其他把在你家中、學(xué)校里或在你能想到的其他 任何地方里消耗能源的物品列個(gè)清單。任何地方里消耗能源的物品列個(gè)清單。 2. quantity n. 數(shù)量數(shù)量 【教材原句【教材原句】 The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 當(dāng)我們?cè)诖髿鈱又性黾恿舜罅款~外的二當(dāng)我們?cè)诖髿鈱又性黾恿舜罅款~外的二氧化碳時(shí)氧化碳

10、時(shí), 問(wèn)題就來(lái)了。問(wèn)題就來(lái)了。 【歸納【歸納】a quantity of 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞 a large quantity of + n. 許多許多(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))large quantities of + n. 許多許多(作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù))in quantity 大量地大量地3. tend vi. 趨向趨向; 易于易于; 照顧照顧 vt. 照顧照顧; 護(hù)理護(hù)理 【教材原句【教材原句】 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphe

11、re causing the global temperature to go up. 這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中,從而引起全球溫度上升。從而引起全球溫度上升。 【歸納【歸納】 tend to do sth. 常常會(huì)做某事常常會(huì)做某事, 往往會(huì)做某事往往會(huì)做某事 tend to/toward sth. 趨向趨向, 傾向傾向 tend to sb. /sth.(=look after) 照顧照顧, 照料照料【拓展【拓展】 tendency n. 傾向、趨勢(shì)傾向、趨勢(shì), 其后多跟動(dòng)其后多跟動(dòng) 詞不定式詞不定式用用tend的適當(dāng)形式填空的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)

12、My mother _ to get fat as she grows older.2) Johnson was outside _ the garden when the fire broke out.3) The drug is effective but has a _ to cause headaches.tendstending tendency4. oppose vt. 反對(duì)反對(duì); 反抗反抗; 與與(某人某人)較量較量 【教材原句【教材原句】 On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are oppos

13、ed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 另一方面另一方面, 還有一些人還有一些人, 像科學(xué)家喬治像科學(xué)家喬治漢漢布利布利, , 反對(duì)上面的觀點(diǎn)反對(duì)上面的觀點(diǎn), ,他們認(rèn)為我們不他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳。必?fù)?dān)心空氣中會(huì)有高含量的二氧化碳。【歸納【歸納】 oppose (doing) sth. 反對(duì)反對(duì)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作) be opposed to 反對(duì)反對(duì)(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))【拓展【拓展】 opposed adj

14、. 強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)(常用搭配常用搭配: be opposed to sth.); 截然不同截然不同 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思補(bǔ)全下列句子。1) 他反對(duì)修建新禮堂的計(jì)劃。他反對(duì)修建新禮堂的計(jì)劃。 He _ to build a new hall. 2) 我當(dāng)然反對(duì)改變這個(gè)體系。我當(dāng)然反對(duì)改變這個(gè)體系。 I would certainly _ the system.3) 她好像很反對(duì)你出國(guó)。她好像很反對(duì)你出國(guó)。 She seems very much _ your going abroad.opposed the planoppose changingopposed to5. con

15、sequence n. 結(jié)果結(jié)果, 后果后果, 影響影響 【教材原句【教材原句】 They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environment consequences. 他們預(yù)言說(shuō)他們預(yù)言說(shuō), 變暖的情況不會(huì)很嚴(yán)重變暖的情況不會(huì)很嚴(yán)重, 對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太壞。對(duì)環(huán)境的影響也不會(huì)太壞。 【歸納【歸納】 consequence n. 結(jié)果結(jié)果, 后果后果 face/ suffer / take the consequences (of sth.) 承擔(dān)承擔(dān)(的的)后果后果 in consequence of = as a

16、 consequence of 由于由于的緣故的緣故, 作為作為的結(jié)果的結(jié)果【拓展【拓展】 consequence n. 重要重要(性性) of little / no / any consequence 無(wú)關(guān)緊要無(wú)關(guān)緊要, 無(wú)足輕重?zé)o足輕重翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。1) 你做了錯(cuò)誤決定，現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)后果。你做了錯(cuò)誤決定，現(xiàn)在必須承擔(dān)后果。 You made the wrong decision, and now you must take / suffer / face the consequences.2) 別擔(dān)心，這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。別擔(dān)心，這無(wú)關(guān)緊要。 Dont worry. It is o

17、f no / little / any consequence.6. range n. 一組，一系列一組，一系列; 范圍；山脈范圍；山脈 v. （在一定的范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)，變化（在一定的范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)，變化 【教材原句【教材原句】 It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals - all of which will make life for human beings better. 它使植物成長(zhǎng)更快它使植物成長(zhǎng)更快, 莊稼產(chǎn)量更高莊稼產(chǎn)量

18、更高, 還會(huì)促還會(huì)促進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)-所有這些都能改善人類的所有這些都能改善人類的生活。生活?！練w納【歸納】 a range of 一系列一系列, 一套一套(同類同類) range between A and B 在在A和和B之間變化或變動(dòng)之間變化或變動(dòng) range from A to B 從從A延伸到延伸到B; 從從A到到B不等不等翻譯下列句子。翻譯下列句子。1) The new model comes in a full range of colours.2) Theres a wide range of ability in the class.3) Prices range b

19、etween 7 dollars and 10 dollars.4) His interests ranged from chess to skating.這種新式樣有各種顏色。這種新式樣有各種顏色。這個(gè)班的水平差距很大。這個(gè)班的水平差距很大。價(jià)格在價(jià)格在7美元到美元到10美元之間。美元之間。他的愛好從下國(guó)際象棋到滑冰他的愛好從下國(guó)際象棋到滑冰, 范圍很廣。范圍很廣?！練w納【歸納】 in/under the circumstances 在此種情況下在此種情況下 in/under no circumstances 決不，無(wú)論如何都不決不，無(wú)論如何都不7. circumstance n. 環(huán)境環(huán)境

20、; 情況情況 【教材原句【教材原句】 Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to. 如果情況允許的話如果情況允許的話, 把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑把罐頭盒、瓶子、塑 料袋和報(bào)紙回收利用起來(lái)。料袋和報(bào)紙回收利用起來(lái)?！颈嫖觥颈嫖觥縞ircumstance/environment/surrounding circumstance常用復(fù)數(shù)常用復(fù)數(shù), 指和某行動(dòng)或某件事有關(guān)指和某行動(dòng)或某件事有關(guān)的客觀環(huán)境和條件的客觀環(huán)境和條件, 如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等；如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等； environment一般用單

21、數(shù)一般用單數(shù), 不用復(fù)數(shù)不用復(fù)數(shù), 指某人或某指某人或某物周圍的物周圍的, 并對(duì)人或物有影響的環(huán)境、條件并對(duì)人或物有影響的環(huán)境、條件, 可以可以指精神的指精神的 (如注重道德的環(huán)境如注重道德的環(huán)境), 也可指物質(zhì)的也可指物質(zhì)的 (如如工作環(huán)境工作環(huán)境), 還可以指自然環(huán)境還可以指自然環(huán)境 (如空氣、水、土如空氣、水、土等等), 或指人為的環(huán)境條件或指人為的環(huán)境條件 (如經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境如經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境)； surrounding只用復(fù)數(shù)只用復(fù)數(shù), 指某人周圍的事物或環(huán)境指某人周圍的事物或環(huán)境, 這些事物與環(huán)境對(duì)他的思想、感情、修養(yǎng)有一定這些事物與環(huán)境對(duì)他的思想、感情、修養(yǎng)有一定影響。影響?！練w納【歸納】 g

22、lance作動(dòng)詞作動(dòng)詞: glance at / around 匆匆一看，掃視匆匆一看，掃視 glance at / down / over / through 瀏覽，粗瀏覽，粗 略地看略地看 glance作名詞作名詞: have / take a quick glance at 匆匆看一眼匆匆看一眼 at a glance 看一眼看一眼, 立刻立刻 at first glance 乍一看乍一看8. glance vi. 看一下；掃視看一下；掃視 n. 一瞥一瞥根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。1) I _ (略略環(huán)視一下房略略環(huán)視一下房間間) before

23、I left.2) _ _ (乍一看，這些畫不怎么樣乍一看，這些畫不怎么樣), but on closer examination youll find they are not bad at all.3) Mr. Smith _ (大致看了一下名單大致看了一下名單) and said nothing.4) _ (他一眼就能看出他一眼就能看出) what was wrong with the car.glanced round the roomAt first glance, these paintings dont lookglanced down the list of namesHe c

24、ould tell at a glancegood9. average adj. 平均的平均的【教材原句【教材原句】The greenhouse effect gives the earths surface the average temperature of 15 .溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的平均氣溫達(dá)到了溫室效應(yīng)使得地球表面的平均氣溫達(dá)到了15。 【拓展【拓展】 average作名詞時(shí)，意為：作名詞時(shí)，意為：平均數(shù)；平均數(shù)；平平均水平（均水平（ 常用短語(yǔ)：常用短語(yǔ)：on average 平均；平均；above / below average高于高于/低于平均水平）。低于平均水平）。如：如：E

25、ach person raised an average of 60 to plantan acre of trees.On average, people who dont smoke arehealthier than people who do.Temperatures are above / below average forthe time of year.average作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“平均為平均為”。如：如：Drivers in London can expect to averageabout 12 miles per hour.1. come about 發(fā)生發(fā)生

26、; 造成造成 不及物短語(yǔ)不及物短語(yǔ) 【教材原句【教材原句】 So how has this come about and does it matter? 那么這種溫度的增長(zhǎng)是怎么產(chǎn)生的那么這種溫度的增長(zhǎng)是怎么產(chǎn)生的 呢？會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？呢？會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么影響呢？【拓展【拓展】 come across (偶然偶然)遇見遇見(或發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)現(xiàn)) come from 出身于出身于; 來(lái)自來(lái)自 come out 出版出版; 發(fā)行發(fā)行; 結(jié)果是結(jié)果是 come up 上來(lái)上來(lái); 上升上升; 抬頭抬頭 come to 來(lái)到來(lái)到; 共計(jì)共計(jì); 達(dá)到達(dá)到 come true 變成現(xiàn)實(shí)變成現(xiàn)實(shí); 成為事實(shí)成為事實(shí)2.

27、 go up 上升上升; 增長(zhǎng)增長(zhǎng); 升起升起 【教材原句【教材原句】 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. 這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中這就意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層中, 從而引起全球溫度上升。從而引起全球溫度上升。go up表示升高表示升高, 主語(yǔ)常為主語(yǔ)常為pressure, temperature等。等。e.g. Overnight the temperature went up as high a

28、s 30. 表示攀升表示攀升, 攀爬對(duì)象常為攀爬對(duì)象常為stairs, ladder, hill, wall, tree等。等。e.g. Since the old lady fell, shes been unable to go up steps. 表示增長(zhǎng)表示增長(zhǎng), 主語(yǔ)常為主語(yǔ)常為prices, expenses, the cost of living等。等。e.g. The price of oil is going up again. Why doesnt the government do something about it? 表示被建造表示被建造, 主語(yǔ)常為主語(yǔ)常為build

29、ings, schools, hospitals等。等。 e.g. New office buildings are going up every- where. 【拓展【拓展】 go up to 上升到上升到 go up by 上升了上升了3. result in 引起引起; 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致; 造成造成 【教材原句【教材原句】 They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他們還贊同下述觀點(diǎn)他們還贊同

30、下述觀點(diǎn), 正是由于越來(lái)正是由于越來(lái) 越多燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的越多燃燒化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的 增加。增加?！就卣埂就卣埂?result from. 由由造成造成; 因因而產(chǎn)生而產(chǎn)生 as a result of. 由于由于的結(jié)果的結(jié)果 as a result 結(jié)果結(jié)果 without result 沒(méi)有結(jié)果沒(méi)有結(jié)果; 白費(fèi)白費(fèi)4. even if/though . 即使即使, 盡管盡管 【教材原句【教材原句】 Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the c

31、limate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. 即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室即使我們開始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量氣體的含量, 在在(未來(lái)未來(lái))幾十年或幾個(gè)世幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)紀(jì)內(nèi), 氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。 even if/though用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從用來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從 句。注意：主句不能再用句。注意：主句不能再用but。 【拓展【拓展】 even if = even though as if = as though 似乎似乎, 好像好像 even so 即使如此即使如此, 雖然如此雖然如此

32、請(qǐng)用請(qǐng)用even if/though, as if/though或或even so填空填空。1) He was in great trouble, but he acted _ nothing had happened. 2) I had a terrible headache, but _ I went to school.3) _ you take a taxi, youll still miss your train.as if / thougheven so Even if / though keep on (doing sth.) 繼續(xù)繼續(xù); 不斷不斷(做做), 反復(fù)反復(fù)(做做)【用

33、法【用法】1) keep on doing sth. 可能有間斷可能有間斷, 強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào) “反復(fù)反復(fù)”和和“決心決心”, 而且常常附加而且常常附加感情感情 色彩。色彩。 2) 與與sitting, standing, lying, sleeping等等 靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)靜態(tài)的動(dòng)詞連用時(shí), 只能用只能用keep doing。5. on the whole 總的說(shuō)來(lái)總的說(shuō)來(lái); 大體上大體上; 基本上基本上 【教材原句【教材原句】 On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern. 總體上來(lái)說(shuō)

34、總體上來(lái)說(shuō), 全球氣候變暖是一種引全球氣候變暖是一種引 起廣泛關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象。起廣泛關(guān)注的現(xiàn)象?！颈嫖觥颈嫖觥縲hole/all whole作形容詞時(shí)作形容詞時(shí), 可意為可意為“所有的所有的, 完完整整 的的”。 它與它與all的區(qū)別是的區(qū)別是, all通常用在冠詞、所通常用在冠詞、所 有格、物主代詞或其他限定詞之前有格、物主代詞或其他限定詞之前, 而而 whole通常位于它們的后面。通常位于它們的后面。如：如：all the world, the whole world。6. on behalf of 代表代表一方一方; 作為作為的代言人的代言人 【教材原句【教材原句】 I am doing a

35、 project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖的我正代表學(xué)校做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖的 課題研究。課題研究。 【用法【用法】 也可以表達(dá)為也可以表達(dá)為on ones behalf7. put up with 忍受忍受, 容忍容忍 【教材原句【教材原句】 We do not have to put up with pollution. 我們不必去忍受污染。我們不必去忍受污染?！韭?lián)想【聯(lián)想】 put up with = stand, bear, tolerate8. so long as = as long as

36、 只要只要 【教材原句【教材原句】 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it - if not, turn it off! 在用電器設(shè)備時(shí)你可以讓它開著在用電器設(shè)備時(shí)你可以讓它開著, 如如 果不用就把它關(guān)掉。果不用就把它關(guān)掉。 【歸納【歸納】as long asso long as只要只要, 引導(dǎo)條件狀引導(dǎo)條件狀 語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)從句。as long as也可以指時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度也可以指時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度, 意為意為: 長(zhǎng)達(dá)長(zhǎng)達(dá); 與與一樣長(zhǎng)一樣長(zhǎng); 與與一樣久。一樣久。1. There is no doubt

37、 that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn), 地球是地球是在變暖在變暖, 而地球變暖正是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致而而地球變暖正是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致而成的成的, 并非是一種無(wú)規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。并非是一種無(wú)規(guī)律的自然現(xiàn)象。“There is no doubt that . ”句式表示句式表示“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”。句型使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，。句型使用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，t

38、hat引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作doubt的同位的同位語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。2. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. 有一位名叫查爾斯有一位名叫查爾斯基林的科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)把基林的科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)把1957到到1977年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含年期間大氣層中二氧化碳的含量作了精確的統(tǒng)計(jì)。量作了精確的統(tǒng)計(jì)。 “It was . who .”句式表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。去掉該句式表

39、示強(qiáng)調(diào)。去掉該成分不影響句子意思的表達(dá)成分不影響句子意思的表達(dá), 連接詞連接詞who沒(méi)沒(méi)有實(shí)際意思。有實(shí)際意思?！癷t”的用法（二）的用法（二）it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用法在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的用法1. it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以對(duì)句子中除謂語(yǔ)用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，可以對(duì)句子中除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基動(dòng)詞以外的成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是本結(jié)構(gòu)是It is / was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that / who+句子的其余部分句子的其余部分, 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)， 用用who（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)用（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)用whom）或）或that，指事，指事物時(shí)用物時(shí)用that。e.g. It i

40、s the newspaper that provides David with money for the research. It was Mr. Black that / who gave Mike this ticket last week. It was your sister that / whom Nancy saw in France last month. It was on Monday night that all of this happened. It was on the bus that I had my cellphone stolen.2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)

41、句形式是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式是：Is / Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that / who+句子的句子的其余部分。其余部分。 e.g. Was it on the coast that lots of people disappeared? Is it Mrs. Smith that / who teaches your math?3. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是：疑問(wèn)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是：疑問(wèn)詞 + is / was it that +句子的其余部分。句子的其余部分。 e.g. Why is it that everyone thinks he is selfish?

42、What is it that your daughter is most interested in?4. not . until句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句的形式是：句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句的形式是：It is / was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+句句子的其余部分。子的其余部分。 e.g. It is not until I finish my homework that I can go out and play. It was not until I saw Jennifer next morning that I felt happy.將下面句子改寫為強(qiáng)調(diào)句（對(duì)畫線部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)將下面句

43、子改寫為強(qiáng)調(diào)句（對(duì)畫線部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)）。行強(qiáng)調(diào)）。1. He bought a new coat for me._2. The Prime Minister is visiting Japan at the moment. _3. The first attack started just after midnight._It was a new coat that he bought for me. It is The Prime Minister who is visiting Japan at the moment.It was just after midnight that the

44、 first attack started. 4. Wendy had hidden the box under her bed._5. The telephone rang when she was about to go to bed._6. I did not realize what had happened until the next day_It was under her bed that Wendy had hidden the box.It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. It was

45、 not until the next day that I realized what had happened. 如何寫英文海報(bào)如何寫英文海報(bào) 【寫作任務(wù)【寫作任務(wù)】假設(shè)本月是你校的環(huán)境保護(hù)月。請(qǐng)你代表英假設(shè)本月是你校的環(huán)境保護(hù)月。請(qǐng)你代表英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部制作一份英文海報(bào)，倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部制作一份英文海報(bào)，倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，并結(jié)合生活實(shí)際就保護(hù)環(huán)境提出至少并結(jié)合生活實(shí)際就保護(hù)環(huán)境提出至少5條倡議。條倡議。注意：詞數(shù)不限。注意：詞數(shù)不限。_【寫作指導(dǎo)【寫作指導(dǎo)】海報(bào)是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常使用的一種張貼海報(bào)是人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪薪?jīng)常使用的一種張貼形式的應(yīng)用文。形式的應(yīng)用文。1. 海報(bào)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及要求：

46、海報(bào)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及要求：標(biāo)題：標(biāo)題：用簡(jiǎn)潔、引人注目的語(yǔ)言概括要宣傳的用簡(jiǎn)潔、引人注目的語(yǔ)言概括要宣傳的主要內(nèi)容。也可以直接用號(hào)召性的語(yǔ)句，還可主要內(nèi)容。也可以直接用號(hào)召性的語(yǔ)句，還可以添加副標(biāo)題，對(duì)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容加以說(shuō)明。以添加副標(biāo)題，對(duì)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容加以說(shuō)明。正文：正文：力求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，同時(shí)活動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、主辦力求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，同時(shí)活動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、主辦單位、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容也要交代清楚。單位、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容也要交代清楚。結(jié)尾：結(jié)尾：要寫明發(fā)布者名稱和日期（也可省去），要寫明發(fā)布者名稱和日期（也可省去），名稱通常寫在海報(bào)的右下角，發(fā)布日期通常放名稱通常寫在海報(bào)的右下角，發(fā)布日期通常放在最后一行。在最后一行。2.

47、海報(bào)的語(yǔ)言及版面特點(diǎn)：海報(bào)的語(yǔ)言及版面特點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)：海報(bào)屬于廣告，要求用最短的文字海報(bào)屬于廣告，要求用最短的文字包含最多的信息，多用省略句、縮略語(yǔ)及類似包含最多的信息，多用省略句、縮略語(yǔ)及類似的簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言。的簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言。版面特點(diǎn)：版面特點(diǎn)：海報(bào)常配有圖畫來(lái)增加吸引力，重海報(bào)常配有圖畫來(lái)增加吸引力，重要信息常被分行突出，并且在其前面加上粗點(diǎn)、要信息常被分行突出，并且在其前面加上粗點(diǎn)、星號(hào)等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。星號(hào)等表示強(qiáng)調(diào)?！緟⒖挤段摹緟⒖挤段摹縏ime to Live a Low Carbon Life!Our earth is getting warmer; the sea lev

48、els are getting higher; the environment is getting worse! Can we help to stop all these problems? Of course! Live a low carbon life!Here are some hot tips for you:Drive less and take a bus if possible.Cycle or walk to school.Bring a cloth bag when shopping; do not use plastic ones.Plant more trees t

49、o help absorb carbon dioxide.Replace paper handkerchiefs with cloth ones.Turn off the electricity after using it. Always remember: your contribution counts! English Club 1. (2013遼寧改編遼寧改編) _ behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 答案：答案：On 句意：句意：我代表這里的每一個(gè)人我代表這里的每一

50、個(gè)人, 祝您回國(guó)祝您回國(guó) 旅途愉快。旅途愉快。 on behalf of 代表代表2. (2010湖北改編湖北改編)This restaurant has become popular for its wide range _ foods that suit all tastes and pockets. 答案：答案：of 句意：句意：這家餐館出名是由于它的各種各這家餐館出名是由于它的各種各樣的食物適應(yīng)各種口味和消費(fèi)類型的人樣的食物適應(yīng)各種口味和消費(fèi)類型的人群。群。a range of強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)系列強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)系列, 而而a wide range of意為意為“各種各樣的各種各樣的”, 正好符合正好

51、符合題意。題意。3. (2011新課標(biāo)卷改編新課標(biāo)卷改編) I can put _ with the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. 答案：答案：up 句意句意: 屋子里凌亂些我受得了屋子里凌亂些我受得了, 我恨的是我恨的是屋子里不干凈。屋子里不干凈。 put up with 容忍容忍; 忍受忍受4. (2012江蘇改編江蘇改編) Ones life has value _ long as one brings value to the life of others. 答案：答案：as/so as/so long as“只

52、要只要”，用于引導(dǎo)條件狀，用于引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。語(yǔ)從句。 句意：句意：一個(gè)人的生命，只要它給別人的一個(gè)人的生命，只要它給別人的生活帶來(lái)價(jià)值，就有價(jià)值。生活帶來(lái)價(jià)值，就有價(jià)值。one brings value to the life of others和和ones life has value之間為條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系。之間為條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系。5. (2016天津）天津）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists. A. who B. which C. where D. that

53、 6.（2015湖南）湖南）It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. A. which B. that C. where D. howDB7.（2015重慶）重慶）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized. A. while B. though C. tha

54、t D. after CI. 用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. The chemicals have been identified as a source of _ (pollute).2. The companys exports have grown _ (steady) in recent years.3. The very _ (exist) of the museum is threatened by lack of funding.4. The drug is effective but has a(n) _ (tend) to cause headac

55、hes.5. As a music _ (educate), I taught in our city schools for many years.pollutionsteadilyexistence tendencyeducator6. Many people are _ (oppose) to the plan of building a motorway through the village.7. This invention made a major _ (contribute) to road safety.8. Our company has a(n) _ (commit) t

56、o quality and customer service.opposedcontributioncommitment1. The citys police chief says they arrest, _, 300 people each day.2. Are you going to _ the opera this season?3. I dont know how he _ their constant complaining.II. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填 空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。）。on averageput

57、s up withcome about, even if, go up, on average,on the whole, on behalf of, put up with,result in, so long as, subscribe tosubscribe tocome about, even if, go up, on average,on the whole, on behalf of, put up with,result in, so long as, subscribe to4. The accident _ the death of two passengers yeste

58、rday.5. Hes determined to prove his innocence, _ he has to go to the highest court in the land.6. You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards.resulted inso long aseven if7. Many a quarrel _ through a misunderstanding.8. Mr. Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize _

59、 him.9. Your friends have arrived why dont you _ and say hello?10. _ were happy living here, but it is a long way away from my parents es abouton behalf ofcome about, even if, go up, on average,on the whole, on behalf of, put up with,result in, so long as, subscribe togo upOn the whole III. 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式翻譯下

60、面句子。用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式翻譯下面句子。1. 我是在去年通過(guò)駕照考試的。我是在去年通過(guò)駕照考試的。2. 打碎花瓶的人是你嗎？打碎花瓶的人是你嗎？3. 直到她到家后她才想起約了看醫(yī)生。直到她到家后她才想起約了看醫(yī)生。It was last year that I passed my driving test.Was it you who / that broke the vase?It wasnt until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.4. 昨天的午飯是湯姆做的，對(duì)吧？昨天的午飯是湯姆

61、做的，對(duì)吧？5. 我丟了鑰匙是因?yàn)槲业拇中拇笠?。我丟了鑰匙是因?yàn)槲业拇中拇笠?。It was Tom who / that cooked lunch yesterday, wasnt it?It was because of my carelessness that I lost my keys. 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 The excess (超額的超額的) carbon dioxide in theatmosphere 1. _ (create) a greener plan

62、et, a new NASA study shows. All told, carbon emissions (排放排放) have fueled greening in an area about twice 2. _ size of the continental United States between 1982 and 2009.has createdthe Green leafy plants make up 32 percent ofEarths surface area. All of those plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight 3

63、. _ (make) sugars grow a process called photosynthesis (光合作用光合作用). Past studies have shown that carbon dioxide increases plant growth by 4. _ (increase) the rate of photosynthesis.to makeincreasing However, 5. _ wasnt clear whether the greening seen in satellite data over recent years could be expla

64、ined by the sky-high CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere the 6. _ (high) the planet has seen in 500,000 years. After all, rainfall, sunlight, nitrogen in the soil and land-use changes also affect 7. _ well plants grow.it highesthow To find out the causes of planetary greening,8. _ (research) from a

65、round the worldanalyzed satellite data and concluded that9. _ (approximate) 70 percent of the greening could be caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. While green shoots may be good, excess CO2 emissions also bring quantities 10. _ more worrisome consequences, such as global warming, melting glaciers, rising sea levels and more dangerous weather. Whats more, the greening may be a temporary change.researchersapproximatelyof