《中考英語?？家族e點(diǎn)專題九動詞分類和時態(tài)》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《中考英語?？家族e點(diǎn)專題九動詞分類和時態(tài)（13頁珍藏版）》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、動詞分類和時態(tài)易錯清單一、 易混動詞1. 幾個“花費(fèi)”:spend,take,pay,costspend多用人作主語,后接金錢或時間。spend.on sth/ (in)doing sth。如:I spent 15 yuan on this new book.買這本新書我花了15元。 take常用于 “It takes sb some time to do sth”句型中,如: It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day.我每天騎車去學(xué)校要花半小時。 pay常與for連用,表“付給款”。如:I paid 15

2、 yuan for this new book. cost常用物作主語,表“價值或花費(fèi)多少錢”。如:This new book costs me 15 yuan.2. 幾個“看”:look,see,watch,read,find look 看,表動作,look at。see 看見,表結(jié)果;也可說看電影“see a film”。 watch 觀看比賽、演出、電視等。read讀書看報(bào)等文字材料。3. 幾個與“看”有關(guān)的詞或詞組:look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to look fo

3、r尋找,表過程。find發(fā)現(xiàn),找到,表結(jié)果。find out 找出,查明。look after, take care of 均表示“照看,照顧”。look over 檢查身體等。look forward to盼望,期待。4. 幾個“說”:say, speak, talk, tell say用作及物動詞或不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,側(cè)重說的內(nèi)容;say用作不及物動詞時,不涉及所說的內(nèi)容。如:Please say it in English.這個請用英語說。Its hard to say. 很難說。Easier said than done.說起來容易,做起來難。say之后通常跟直接引語、間接引語

4、或賓語從句。如:The teacher said,“Please look at me.” 老師說:“請看著我”。Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. 老師說地球圍繞太陽運(yùn)行。含有say的固定搭配和常見的句型有:say to oneself 自言自語;say“Hi/Hello”to sb. 向某人問好; have nothing to say to對無話可說;say a good word for sb. 為某人說好話;They say. / Its said. (據(jù)說);That is to say那就是說。 speak用作

5、及物動詞或不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,意思是“講、說某種語言”;用作不及物動詞時,意思是“說/說話”。如:Do you speak English? 你講英語嗎?He can speak several foreign languages. 他會講好幾種外語。Speak up. I cant hear you.大聲點(diǎn),我聽不見。They often speak of you.他們經(jīng)常談到你。speak作“說/說話”講時,與talk可以互換使用。如:The baby is learning how to speak / talk.那個嬰兒正在學(xué)說話。speak與介詞to連用,作“說話”講,打電話

6、時常用。如:Hello,may I speak to Tom? 喂,請湯姆接電話,好嗎?Who is speaking? 你是誰?This is Li Hong speaking. 我是李紅。含speak的短語、固定搭配和句型常見的有:speak to / with. 與講話; speak up大聲說;speak at the meeting 在會上發(fā)言;speak highly of稱贊;speak for sb. 為某人說話; speak in public 當(dāng)眾發(fā)言。talk 用作不及物動詞,作“說話”講時與speak可以互換使用。作“交談”講時,通常與介詞to / with連用。如:T

7、he baby cant talk yet.那個嬰兒還不會講話。They often talk in English.他們經(jīng)常用英語交談。Id like to talk to her.我想和她談一談。talk用作名詞時,可以與動詞have一起構(gòu)成短語“have a talk with”,意思是“和談一談”。如:May I have a talk with you?我可以和你談一談嗎?含talk的短語、固定搭配和句型常見有:talk to/with sb. 和某人談話;talk about談?wù)?have a talk with sb. 和某人談話/談一談; talk of談到/講到;talk o

8、ut說完; talk in English用英語交談;tell用作及物動詞,意思是“講、說”,指說實(shí)話,說出事實(shí)的真相,講故事等。如:My mother often tells me stories. 媽媽經(jīng)常給我講故事。Please tell me the truth.請告訴我事實(shí)的真相。The boy never tells lies. 那個孩子從不說謊。Nobody can tell how the Pyramids were built.沒有人能說出金字塔是怎樣建成的。tell表示命令時,作“叫、告訴”講,常見的句型是“tell sb to do sth.”,意思是“叫/告訴某人做某事

9、”。如:Tell him to come to my office.叫/告訴他到我的辦公室來。 Tell them not to look out of the window.叫他們不要向窗外望。含有tell的短語、固定搭配和常用句型有: tell sb. a story給某人講故事; tell sb. about sth. 告訴某人關(guān)于某事的情況;tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事;tell a lie 說謊; tell the truth 說實(shí)話。say接說話的內(nèi)容,作及物動詞。say sth to sb 對某人說某事。如: Did you say goodbye to

10、your granny?你和你外婆說再見了嗎?speak常指能說某種語言,打電話時常用它表示說話,也有“演講”的意思,不強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的內(nèi)容。如:We can speak Chinese and English.我們可以說漢語和英語。May I speak to Henry?我可以和亨利講話嗎?He will speak at the meeting tonight.他將在今晚的會議上發(fā)言。talk多是不及物動詞,指交談、談?wù)?作名詞時有演講、報(bào)告之意。tell的意思是“告訴某人;講述;吩咐某人做”,多為及物動詞,后面多接兩個賓語。5. 幾個“穿,戴”:put on,wear,dress(up)pu

11、t on指“穿上、戴上”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作,代詞多放在中間。wear指“穿著,戴著”,表示狀態(tài)。dress指“給某人穿衣服”,其賓語多是指人。dress up 指“穿上盛裝,打扮”。6. 幾個“到達(dá)”:reach,arrive in/at,get toreach是個及物動詞,它后面可以直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。arrive是個不及物動詞,后面接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語時需在賓語前加介詞in或at(在國家和較大的城市或地區(qū)前用in,較小的地方或單位前用at)。 get to 表示到達(dá),多用于口語中。注意:當(dāng)表示到達(dá)here,there,home時,arrive或get后不要加介詞。7. 幾個“帶、拿”:b

12、ring,take,get,carry bring指將某物或某人從離說話人較遠(yuǎn)處“拿來”或“帶來”。 take指將某物或某人從離說話人較近處“帶到”或“拿到”離說話人較遠(yuǎn)處。get指從說話人所在位置到別處把某物拿來。 carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作來去的方向,只說明動作方式,表示“背著、扛著、提著、載著”等含義。8. 幾個與“聽”有關(guān)的詞或詞組:listen to,hear,hear of,hear fromlisten to 聽,表示聽的動作。hear 聽見,聽到,表示結(jié)果。hear of 聽說。hear from收到某人的信息或來信。9. beat和winbeat表示“贏”或“打敗”,后面要接被打敗

13、的對手。win用作及物動詞時,后面接的不是被打敗的對手,而是比賽本身、游戲、戰(zhàn)爭、名次等。10. rise和raiserise是不及物動詞,表示“上升、提高、增長”等。raise是及物動詞,表示“舉起、抬起”。11. borrow,lend和keepborrow指其邏輯主語從別處或別人那里“借來”東西,常與介詞from連用。lend指其邏輯主語將東西“借出、借給”別人,常與介詞to連用。keep表示“保存”,與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。12. receive和acceptreceive的意思是“收到了”,只表示收到某物,并不表明同意或不同意接受的含義。accept表示“接受”,“同意接納”,

14、如接受物體、邀請、批評等。如:He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.他收到了她的邀請,并且很愉快地接受了。13. answer與replyanswer意為“回答、響應(yīng)、答復(fù)、接聽電話”等,多作及物動詞。reply意為“回答、答復(fù)”,是不及物動詞,后需加介詞to,at等再加賓語。14. hope與expect hope指主觀上的愿望,但在客觀上不一定有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性,常接that從句、動詞不定式或以介詞for引出的短語。expect著重指客觀上有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的“期待、期望”等,其后可接名詞、代詞、動詞不定式或that從句。

15、15. lie和laylie有多個意思:表示“躺;展示;位于”時,其變化是lay,lain,lying;表示“說謊”時,其變化是lied,lied,lying。lay的含義是“放置、產(chǎn)卵”等。其變化是laid,laid,laying。二、 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別它們所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,但二者又有區(qū)別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情,與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday,last week,a moment ago等)連用。如:These far

16、mers have been to the United States.這些農(nóng)民去過美國了。Really? When did they go there?真的嗎?他們什么時候去的?Have you finished your homework? 你完成作業(yè)了嗎?Yes,I did it a moment ago. 是的,我剛剛做的。三、A)詞組have/has been in/to與have/has gone to的區(qū)別“have/has gone to+地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地(還未回來)”,指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in+地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長時間”,常與表

17、示時間的狀語連用?！癶ave/has been to+地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地(但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒)”。如:My father isnt at home. He has gone to Beijing.我爸爸不在家,他去北京了。I have been in Beijing for 10 years. 我待在北京十年了。I have been to that city,and I dont want to go there again.我去過那座城市了,我不想再去了。B)would rather與prefer towould rather相當(dāng)于一個情態(tài)動詞,后面跟不帶to的動詞不定式構(gòu)成句型:wo

18、uld rather do sth.,意為“寧可/愿做,還是的好?！边@種結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示“喜歡/愛”。would與代詞連用時通常用縮寫d。其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為:would rather not do sth.,意思是“寧可/愿不做”。如:They would rather use colors like orange and yellow.他們寧愿使用像橙色和黃色這樣的顏色。Id rather not tell you about it.關(guān)于這件事我不愿告訴你。would rather與than連用時,than前、后連接兩個平衡結(jié)構(gòu),意為“寧而不;與其不如?！比?Id rather go shopping

19、 in Sunshine Town than in Moonlight Town.我寧愿去陽光城購物,也不愿去月光城。Id rather put the picture on my home page than show it to everyone.我寧愿把照片放在家庭網(wǎng)頁上,而不愿把它給每個人看。would ratherthan可以用來表示個人的選擇或談?wù)搫e人的選擇。如:Id rather help Mum do a lot of housework than watch too much TV at weekends.在周末,我寧愿幫媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活,也不愿看太多的電視。He would

20、rather give away his money to the poor than enjoy himself. 他寧愿把錢送給窮人,也不愿自己享受。動詞prefer 用作及物動詞時,之后通常跟名詞/動名詞作賓語,再加to 加名詞/動名詞,即“prefer A to B”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“喜歡A勝過B;寧愿A不愿B”。如:I prefer modern drama to Beijing Opera. 我喜歡話劇勝過京劇。I prefer walking to jogging.我寧愿散步而不愿慢跑。有時“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)可以與“would rat

21、her do sth. than do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。如:I prefer singing to dancing.我寧愿唱歌不愿跳舞。(=Id rather sing than dance.)I prefer playing football to playing basketball. 我寧愿踢足球也不愿打籃球。(=Id play football rather than play basketball.)I always prefer getting up early rather than going to school without breakfast. 我總是早起,而不是

22、不吃早飯去上學(xué)。(= I would rather get up early than go to school without breakfast.)注意點(diǎn):“prefer A to B”與“prefer A rather than B”有時可以互換使用。如:I prefer fish to chicken. 我寧愿吃魚不愿吃雞。該句相當(dāng)于:I prefer fish rather than chicken.四、 瞬間性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)別瞬間性動詞表示短暫的、不能持續(xù)一段時間的動作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join

23、, borrow, lend, go等。瞬間性動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。持續(xù)性動詞表示能持續(xù)一段時間的動作,如:work, stay,live,learn,read,write,wait 等。例如:她已經(jīng)離開沈陽一個月了。誤:She has left Shenyang for a month.正:She has been away from Shenyang for a month.但是瞬間動詞的否定結(jié)構(gòu)可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用,說明某動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)可以持續(xù)一段時間。如:She often goes on business. But she hasnt left Shenyang

24、 for a month. 她經(jīng)常出差辦事,但她已經(jīng)一個月沒離開沈陽了。提分策略英語動詞的“時態(tài)”是謂語動詞表示動作發(fā)生時的各種形式。中考英語試題常考動詞的辨析用法和常用時態(tài),即:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時五種時態(tài)是考查的重點(diǎn)。動詞時態(tài)的判斷技巧如下:1. 根據(jù)時間狀語與時態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系確定時態(tài)動詞特定的時態(tài)常常與特定的時間狀語聯(lián)系在一起,如由this time yesterday可知用過去進(jìn)行時;由so far,in the past three years,till now可知要用完成時,等等。【例1】(2014浙江寧波29)Are you surprised

25、 at the ending of the movie?No,because Ithe story. A. readB. will readC. have readD. was reading【解析】 考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:你對影片的結(jié)尾感到驚訝嗎?不,因?yàn)槲易x過這個故事。根據(jù)句意句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,故選C?！敬鸢浮緾【例2】(2013貴州安順26)Dadthe USA in two weeks.A. is leave forB. leaves forC. is leaving forD. left for【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。“in+時間段”是一般將來時的標(biāo)志,leave等表示地點(diǎn)位置轉(zhuǎn)移

26、的動詞的進(jìn)行時態(tài)可以表達(dá)將來含義。故選C?！敬鸢浮緾2. 根據(jù)固定句型與動詞時態(tài)間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系確定時態(tài)在英語中,不少句型與一些動詞在時態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。如:(1)在“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型中,陳述句中用will表示的一般將來時;(2)was/were about to do. when. 或was/were doing. when. 或was/were on the point of doing. when. 句型中,when分句的謂語動詞用一般過去時,(3)在一個含有時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主從句的謂語動詞都是過去發(fā)生的動作,一般來說,表示短暫性動作的動詞

27、用一般過去時,表示持續(xù)性動作的動詞用過去進(jìn)行時;等等?！纠?】(2013四川雅安14)If farmers trees and forests,giant pandas nowhere to live.A. cut down;haveB. will cut down;will haveC. will cut don;haveD. cut down;will have【解析】考查主句與從句的時態(tài)。if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則,即主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿【例2】(2013黑龍江齊齊哈爾6)What you when the captain came

28、 in?A. are;doingB. did;doC. were;doing【解析】考查過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語從句“when the captain came in”可知句意為:隊(duì)長來的時候你在干什么?時間狀語為一般過去時態(tài),所以主句要用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài),故選C?！敬鸢浮緾3. 短語動詞與動詞短語動詞+副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞或不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時,如果是代詞做賓語的話,必須把代詞放在動詞和副詞之間。動詞短語比較復(fù)雜,需要熟記。常見的有:give sb. a hand (助某人一臂之力);ask/tell sb. to do sth. Invite sb. to do sth.

29、have difficulty in doing sth. (做某事費(fèi)勁/由困難)等?！纠?2014山東濱州21)Smoking is bad for your health. Youd better.A. set it upB. give it upC. pick it upD. look it up【解析】考查短語動詞的用法。該句表示建議,因?yàn)槌闊熡泻?建議放棄,不是建立、撿起或查找。故選B。【答案】B4. 根據(jù)上下語境來確定時態(tài)在絕大多數(shù)情況下,動詞的時態(tài)是由上下文來決定的,這就要求我們一方面要熟記各種時態(tài)的適用范圍,另一方面要求我們注意上下文的提示?！纠?2013湖北武漢27)Wh

30、at does Toms uncle do?He is a teacher. Hephysics at a school now.A. will teachB. has taughtC. teachesD. taught【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:湯姆的叔叔是干什么的?他是一名老師。他現(xiàn)在在一所學(xué)校教物理?！备鶕?jù)問句時態(tài)以及時間狀語now可以判斷用一般現(xiàn)在時。故選C。【答案】C專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1. (2014安徽5)Tom there for 10 months since he back to his hometown.A. has lived;getsB. has lived;got C. li

31、ved;goD. lived;has got 2. (2014湖北棗陽33) Where is your father?He Shanghai on business for several days.A. has been toB. has gone to C. has been inD. has left for3. (2014江蘇鹽城10) Do you know the young man well?Sure,we friends since we met in Nanjing three years ago.A. have beenB. wereC. have madeD. have

32、 become4. ( 2014深圳9) Lets go to Yang Meikeng to enjoy the cool wind,? Good idea. But I am afraid we cant go there if it .A. will you;rainsB. will you;will rain C. shall we;will rainD. shall we;rains5. (2014江蘇江陰8) Mr Black Shanghai this afternoon. Do you know when the earliest plane to Shanghai ?A. i

33、s leaving for;takes off B. will leave;takes offC. is leaving for;is taking off D. will leave;is taking off6. (2013廣東)Tim will call me as soon as hemy package.A. receiveB. will receiveC. receivedD. receives7. (2013山西)Dear,you need to to go to university at home or go abroad.OK,Mum. I am considering i

34、t.A. make an appointmentB. make a suggestionC. make a decision8. (2013山西太原)Dontup English. Its very useful.A. giveB. hurryC. stay 9. (2013吉林)I need a new jacket. This one doesntthe cold.A. help outB. take awayC. keep outD. give away 10. (2013浙江)We have toour sports meeting till next week because of

35、the heavy rain.A. take offB. get offC. put offD. set off11. (2013四川成都)Chinese peoplekeep pigs for food. But now some people keep them as pets.A. used toB. has toC. had better12. (2013河北) your name on the paper and you can get a gift.A. Cut downB. Look downC. Turn downD. Put down13. (2013江蘇南京)He fail

36、ed in the basketball match and looks sad. Lets .A. put him upB. set him upC. cheer him upD. clean him up14. (2013安徽)The sports meeting will be because of the bad weather.A. put onB. put offC. put upD. put down參考答案與解析1. D解析:考查動詞時態(tài)的用法。由連詞since引導(dǎo)的要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);從句應(yīng)該通用一般過去時態(tài)。故選D。2. C解析:考查have/has been in的用法。A

37、項(xiàng)到某地去過;B項(xiàng)到某地去了;C項(xiàng)到某地去過一段時間;D項(xiàng)已經(jīng)離開。由句意“他來上海做生意好幾天了”判斷,應(yīng)該用has been in。故選C。3. A解析:考查動詞的辨析用法。由從句中的連詞判斷,從句用一般過去時態(tài),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。因?yàn)閺娜昵霸谀暇┚褪呛门笥?不是通過交朋友或成為朋友,所以排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)。故選A。4. A解析:考查交際應(yīng)答和時態(tài)的用法。疑問句表示建議,應(yīng)該用will you?來提問。應(yīng)答句是if的語從句,主將、從現(xiàn)。故選A。5. A解析:考查動詞時態(tài)的用法。由第一句中的時間狀語“this afternoon”判斷,謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示將要發(fā)生的動作,故選is

38、leaving for。下一句表示習(xí)慣性的動作,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。6. D 解析:考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意:蒂姆一收到我的包裹就會給我打電話。as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語是第三人稱單數(shù),故動詞用三單形式。7. C解析:考查動詞短語的辨析。句意:寶貝,你需要做一個決定,在國內(nèi)上大學(xué)還是出國。好的,媽媽。我正在考慮。make an appointment約會;make a suggestion提建議;make a decision做決定。根據(jù)句意選C。8. A 解析:考查動詞短語辨析。give up放棄;hurry up快點(diǎn);stay up

39、熬夜。句意:不要放棄英語,它很重要。9. C解析:考查動詞短語的辨析。句意:我需要一件新夾克,這一件不能抵擋寒冷。help out幫助克服困難;take away帶走;keep out擋在外面;give away捐贈。根據(jù)句意選C。10. C 解析:考查動詞短語辨析。take off起飛;get off下車;put off推遲;set off出發(fā)。句意:因?yàn)橄麓笥?我們必須推遲運(yùn)動會到下周。只有put off具有“推遲”意思,故選C。11. A解析:考查動詞短語的辨析。句意:中國人過去喂養(yǎng)豬做食物,但是現(xiàn)在一些人把它們當(dāng)寵物養(yǎng)。used to過去常常;has to不得不;had better最好。根據(jù)句意選A。12. D解析:考查動詞短語辨析。cut down“砍倒”;look down“看不起”;turn down“關(guān)上”;put down“寫下”。句意:寫下你的名字,你就可以得到一個禮物。故選D。13. C 解析:考查動詞短語辨析。put up張貼,搭建;set up建立;cheer up使振奮;clean up打掃干凈。根據(jù)句意“他籃球賽輸了,看起來很難過”,所以“我們要讓他振作起來”。14. B解析:考查動詞短語辨析。put on穿上;put off推遲,拖延;put up張貼,搭建,put down放下。句意:因?yàn)閴奶鞖膺\(yùn)動會被推遲了。故選B。