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1、專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解理解 專專 題題 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 讀讀 真真 題題 典典 例例 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 科普類文章主要包括自然科學(xué)類、前沿科技發(fā)明類和科普類文章主要包括自然科學(xué)類、前沿科技發(fā)明類和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生類，其取材密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等方面的變醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生類，其取材密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多?？破疹愇恼戮哂薪Y(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、化，以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多?？破疹愇恼戮哂薪Y(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。其主要命題形式有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。其主要命題形式有細(xì)節(jié)理解題、

2、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨大意題等，其中推理判斷題居測(cè)題、推理判斷題以及主旨大意題等，其中推理判斷題居多。多。 從詞匯角度來看，在科普類文章中，詞匯的意義比從詞匯角度來看，在科普類文章中，詞匯的意義比較專一、穩(wěn)定、簡明、不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確較專一、穩(wěn)定、簡明、不帶感情色彩，具有單一性和準(zhǔn)確性的特點(diǎn)。從語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面看，句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，性的特點(diǎn)。從語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面看，句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，長難句較多，語法分析較困難。文章中常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、定長難句較多，語法分析較困難。文章中常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)、定語從句等。語從句等。 返回目錄返回目錄 專專 題題 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 讀讀 科普文常用的修辭手段有：科普文常

3、用的修辭手段有：(1)下定義。有時(shí)為了突出下定義。有時(shí)為了突出事物的主要內(nèi)容或主要問題，往往用簡明扼要的話給對(duì)象事物的主要內(nèi)容或主要問題，往往用簡明扼要的話給對(duì)象一個(gè)說法，使讀者對(duì)被說明的對(duì)象有明確的概念。一個(gè)說法，使讀者對(duì)被說明的對(duì)象有明確的概念。(2)舉事舉事例。舉出有代表性的恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?，能夠反映一般的情況，例。舉出有代表性的恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?，能夠反映一般的情況，真切地說明事物特征。真切地說明事物特征。(3)做比較。選擇有外部或內(nèi)部聯(lián)系做比較。選擇有外部或內(nèi)部聯(lián)系的事物進(jìn)行比較，往往能增強(qiáng)說明事物的效果。的事物進(jìn)行比較，往往能增強(qiáng)說明事物的效果。(4)打比方打比方。適當(dāng)運(yùn)用比喻，能夠增強(qiáng)說明的形

4、象性和生動(dòng)性?？破?。適當(dāng)運(yùn)用比喻，能夠增強(qiáng)說明的形象性和生動(dòng)性?？破照f明文在結(jié)構(gòu)上常采用的寫作方法有：說明文在結(jié)構(gòu)上常采用的寫作方法有：(1)總分式。在說明總分式。在說明事物或事理時(shí)，段落事物或事理時(shí)，段落(層次層次)之間有一個(gè)總分關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)為之間有一個(gè)總分關(guān)系，表現(xiàn)為由總到分、由分到總。由總到分、由分到總。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 專專 題題 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 讀讀 (2)承接式。各層之間按照事物的發(fā)展過程，或者按時(shí)承接式。各層之間按照事物的發(fā)展過程，或者按時(shí)間、因果、條件等關(guān)系安排，前后相互承接。間、因果、條件等關(guān)系安排，前后相互承接。(3)遞進(jìn)式

5、。遞進(jìn)式。后邊在前邊的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步說明，各層之間的關(guān)系是由淺后邊在前邊的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步說明，各層之間的關(guān)系是由淺入深。文章的命題除了遵循科普閱讀的命題方式外，還經(jīng)入深。文章的命題除了遵循科普閱讀的命題方式外，還經(jīng)?？疾槲恼碌钠陆Y(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手法。?？疾槲恼碌钠陆Y(jié)構(gòu)和修辭手法。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 專專 題題 導(dǎo)導(dǎo) 讀讀 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 2014北京卷北京卷 Choosing the right resolution(決定決定) Millions of A

6、mericans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight lose as a goal is a mistake. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 To reach our goal of losing weightthe output, we need to control what we eatthe input(輸入輸入). That is,

7、we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution：“：“Ill stop having dessert for lunch，”，” or “Ill walk every day for 20 minut

8、es.” Creating a goal that focuses on a wellspecified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵(lì)激勵(lì)), including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fr

9、yer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievem

10、ent when based on input but had no effect when based on output. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam, aside from general rules like“study harder”. Readi

11、ng certain books, on the other hand, is a wellset task over which they have much more control. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again if you fail, because you know e

12、xactly what you need to do. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a wellspecified actionbased goal for which you can measure your success easily.

13、 Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, dont stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday. In the long run, these new goals could

14、 become a habit. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 1The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _. Ait is hard to achieve for most Americans Bit is focused too much on the result Cit is dependent on too many things Dit is based on actionable decisions 2

15、In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because _. Athey obeyed all the general rules Bthey paid more attention to exams Cthey were motivated by their classmates Dthey were rewarded for reading some books 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 3According to th

16、e writer, which of the following statements is a good goal? A“Ill give up dessert.” B“Ill study harder.” C“Ill cut down my expenses.” D“Ill spend more time with my family.” 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 4The writer strongly believes that we should _. Adevelop good habits and foc

17、us on the outcome Bbe optimistic about final goals and stick to them Cpick specific actions that can be turned into good habits Dset ambitious goals that can balance the input and output 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 【文章大意文章大意】 本文是一篇科普類文章本文是一篇科普類文章，從從2014年美國年美國人的減肥計(jì)劃開始人的減肥計(jì)劃開始，一

18、直談到減肥成功的關(guān)鍵一直談到減肥成功的關(guān)鍵。由此由此，作者引出作者引出Roland Fryer做的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)做的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)關(guān)注輸入當(dāng)關(guān)注輸入(開始開始)時(shí)時(shí)，激勵(lì)才發(fā)生作用激勵(lì)才發(fā)生作用。要想達(dá)到目要想達(dá)到目標(biāo)標(biāo)，必須重視目標(biāo)必須重視目標(biāo)，而不是根據(jù)結(jié)果調(diào)整行動(dòng)而不是根據(jù)結(jié)果調(diào)整行動(dòng)。 1B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中根據(jù)文章第二段中“we tend to care about the output but not to control the input.”和和“concentrating on the outcome.”可知我們失敗或可知我們失敗或錯(cuò)誤的根

19、據(jù)是因?yàn)檫^分關(guān)注結(jié)果錯(cuò)誤的根據(jù)是因?yàn)檫^分關(guān)注結(jié)果。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 2D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知根據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知Roland Fryer把把input(即閱讀即閱讀)和和output(考試結(jié)果考試結(jié)果)作為作為兩種激勵(lì)變量兩種激勵(lì)變量，得到的結(jié)果是得到的結(jié)果是input的效果好于的效果好于output。獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們讀書是有效的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們讀書是有效的。故選故選D。 3A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，“l(fā)osing weight”“”“results on e

20、xams”“”“study harder”“”“cut down on your spending”“”“spend more time with your family”都強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果都強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，是太泛泛的目標(biāo)是太泛泛的目標(biāo)，不易獲取成不易獲取成功；而功；而“control what we eat”“”“stop having dessert”“”“walk every day”“”“making morning coffee at home”“”“a family movie night”等強(qiáng)調(diào)行動(dòng)等強(qiáng)調(diào)行動(dòng)，是一是一種輸入種輸入，所以更容易成功所以更容易成功。故選故選A。 返回目錄返回目錄

21、專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 真真 題題 典典 例例 4C 推理判斷題推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.”可知作者建議我們能夠采納也能夠堅(jiān)持的行動(dòng)習(xí)慣可知作者建議我們能夠采納也能夠堅(jiān)持的行動(dòng)習(xí)慣。也就是說作者認(rèn)為我們要采取一些能夠成為習(xí)慣的行也就是說作者認(rèn)為我們要采取一些能夠成為習(xí)慣的行動(dòng)動(dòng)。故故C正確正確。 返回目錄

22、返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) (一一) People in several American states may be surprised to see cars on city streets without a driver. Experimental driverless vehicles now are legal in Florida, Nevada and California. They are pointing the way to a future that is not far down the road.

23、The hightech company Google has a number of selfdrive cars, which had covered 480，000 kilometres by August. Volvo is among the companies doing road tests and says it plans to sell driverless cars by 2020. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) In September, California Governor Jerry Brow

24、n signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state.“Today were looking at science fiction becoming tomorrows realitythe driverless car.”The technology for these cars includes cameras, radar and motion sensors. The systems have been improved through competitions sponsored by the U

25、S government agency DARPA. Engineer Richard Mason of the RAND Corporation helped design driverless vehicles for DARPA challenge races. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) “Cars have become much more fuelefficient, and new electronic features are making Hondas safer，”，” said Angie Nucc

26、i of Honda America.“A camera on the passengerside mirror actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes.” Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars. These systems help drivers, but dont replace them. Curator Leslie Kendall of the Pet

27、ersen Automotive Museum said autonomous cars will make the high ways safer. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) “By taking out drivers, you also remove most risks of an accident，”，” Kendall said. He said consumers, however, may be unwilling to lose control.“It may take them time to co

28、me to realize that the technology is indeed reliable, but it will have to prove itself first.” Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is cutting down the cost for driverless vehicles from thousands of dollars to something more affordable. He said this will happen as th

29、e technology is improved. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 1What can we learn from Paragraph 1? ADriverless vehicles are now legal in the whole USA. BVolvo will be the first to sell driverless cars. CDriverless cars are pointing us a faraway future. DGoogles selfdrive cars have cov

30、ered a long distance. 2We learn that California Governor Jerry Brown_. Ahelped design selfdrive cars Bsupports selfdrive cars on the roads Cconsiders selfdrive cars science fiction Dimproved the selfdrive car systems 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 3What is the role of the systems

31、 mentioned in Paragraph 3? AThey can help people drive more safely. BThey can take the place of drivers now. CThey can make cars run without fuel. DThey can help cars run much faster. 4According to Richard Mason, what is the biggest challenge for driverless cars? AThey are not allowed to run on the

32、roads. BTheir technical problems remain to be solved. CThey are now too expensive for consumers. DThey are more dangerous for people on the streets. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 【文章大意文章大意】 本文介紹了無人駕駛汽車已經(jīng)經(jīng)過研發(fā)本文介紹了無人駕駛汽車已經(jīng)經(jīng)過研發(fā)階段階段，現(xiàn)在正在試用階段現(xiàn)在正在試用階段，在不久的將來無人駕駛汽在不久的將來無人駕駛汽車將不是科幻而成為現(xiàn)實(shí)

33、車將不是科幻而成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。本文還介紹了這些汽車的本文還介紹了這些汽車的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和有待改進(jìn)的地方系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和有待改進(jìn)的地方。 1D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的根據(jù)第一段的“The hightech company Google has a number of selfdrive cars, which had covered 480，000 kilometres by August.”可知可知，谷歌的無人駕駛汽車已經(jīng)可以開很長距離谷歌的無人駕駛汽車已經(jīng)可以開很長距離，故選故選D項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 2 B

34、 細(xì) 節(jié) 理 解 題細(xì) 節(jié) 理 解 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 二 段 的根 據(jù) 文 章 第 二 段 的 “ I n September, California Governor Jerry Brown signed an act to allow autonomous vehicles on the roads of his state.”可知可知，加利福尼亞的州長加利福尼亞的州長Jerry Brown支持無人支持無人駕駛汽車上路駕駛汽車上路，故選故選B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 3A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的根據(jù)文章第三段的“A camera on the passengerside mirro

35、r actually engaged on your guiding screen so you can safely change lanes.Other safety features include warning systems on the front and the sides of the cars.”可知可知，這些系統(tǒng)的作用是這些系統(tǒng)的作用是它們可以幫助人們更安全地駕駛它們可以幫助人們更安全地駕駛，故選故選A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 4C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的根據(jù)文章最后一段

36、的“Mason said the technology already works and the biggest challenge now is cutting down the cost for driverless vehicles from thousands of dollars to something more affordable.”可知可知，Richard Mason認(rèn)為無人駕駛汽車認(rèn)為無人駕駛汽車最大的挑戰(zhàn)是它們現(xiàn)在對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說太貴了最大的挑戰(zhàn)是它們現(xiàn)在對(duì)消費(fèi)者來說太貴了，故選故選C項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新

37、 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) (二二) Can noncombustion (非燃燒非燃燒) technology create a no-pollution way to drive？Imagine pulling into a service station to fuel up your car. But not at the gas pump or electric battery chargerat the air pump! Thats not hot air, either! The next generation of cars may run on thin air. Wouldnt

38、that be an incredible way to cut both pollution and dependence on foreign oil? 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) If youve ever inflated a balloon and then let it go, youve got the basics to testdrive the amazing MiniCAT, currently being developed by Moteur Development International

39、(MDI), headquartered in Luxembourg. Invented by Formula One racing car designer Guy Negre, this experimental vehicle is unlike any car youve ever seen. While your familys traditional car or SUV draws its horsepower using combustion, the only fuel that MiniCAT needs(CAT stands for Compressed Air Tech

40、nology) is the air we breathe. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) Start with about 25，000 gallons of air. Now, press it all into a space smaller than your school lockerbecause thats the size of two superstrong, highpressure air tanks, made from fibre and fixed beneath the air car. Co

41、nfining that much air inside those small tanks generates an internal pressure of over 4，000 pounds per square inch. Thats over 300 times normal air pressure. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) When this cold and highpressure air enters MiniCATs unique engine, it interacts(交互作用交互作用) w

42、ith warmer air to create pressure waves that pump the engines engineered pistons(活塞活塞) to move the car. MiniCATs projected top speed is 60 miles per hour, with a range of 120 miles on a full air supply. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 5What is the passage mainly about? AWays to cu

43、t down air pollution. BCars that run on thin air. CFormula One racing car designer. DDependence on foreign oil. 6What is MiniCAT according to the passage? AThe name of a car. BThe name of a balloon. CThe name of a car company. DThe name of a car designer. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題

44、 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 7The underlined word “Confining” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_” AKeeping BPreventing CPushing DRunning 8What does the last paragraph tell us? AHow much pressure the air creates. BHow the car works. CWhat the normal air pressure is. DHow the air gets into the engine. 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五

45、 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 【文章大意文章大意】 本文介紹了一種靠空氣行駛的汽車本文介紹了一種靠空氣行駛的汽車，通通過介紹這種汽車的工作原理過介紹這種汽車的工作原理，讀者可以看出這種汽車讀者可以看出這種汽車完全不需要污染嚴(yán)重的燃油完全不需要污染嚴(yán)重的燃油，不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染。 5B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的根據(jù)第一段的“The next generation of cars may run on thin air. Wouldnt that be an incredible way to cut both pollution an

46、d dependence on foreign oil？”可知可知，這篇文章主要講這篇文章主要講的是靠空氣行駛的汽車的是靠空氣行駛的汽車，故選故選B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 6A 推理判斷題推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的根據(jù)文章第二段的“Invented by Formula One racing car designer Guy Negre, this experimental vehicle is unlike any car youve ever seen.”可知可知，MiniCAT是汽車的名字是汽車的名字

47、，故選故選A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 7 A 詞 義 猜 測(cè) 題詞 義 猜 測(cè) 題 。 根 據(jù) 文 章 第 四 段 第 一 句根 據(jù) 文 章 第 四 段 第 一 句“Confining that much air inside those small tanks generates an internal pressure of over 4，000 pounds per square inch.”可知可知，這么多的空氣保持在那些小這么多的空氣保持在那些小的箱子里面會(huì)產(chǎn)生每平方英寸的箱子里面會(huì)產(chǎn)生每平方英寸4000磅的壓力磅的壓力，所以所以confine是是“維持維持”的意思的意思，故選故選A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返

48、回目錄 專題二十五專題二十五 科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解科普知識(shí)型閱讀理解 新新 題題 預(yù)預(yù) 測(cè)測(cè) 8B 段落大意題段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的根據(jù)最后一段的“When this cold and highpressure air enters MiniCATs unique engine, it interacts(交互作用交互作用) with warmer air to create pressure waves that pump the engines engineered pistons(活塞活塞) to move the car.”可知可知，最后一段講的最后一段講的是這種汽車的工作原理是這種

49、汽車的工作原理，故選故選B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 Grey hair is simply a part of the normal aging process, and the rate you go silver is genetically predetermined. Going grey is not associated with earlier death, and premature greying is not, generally speaking, a sign of an illness or ill health in younger adu

50、lts. There are, however, some specific health conditions associated with grey or white hair, but for most of us, going grey is just a fact of life. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 Hair colour comes from the pigment melanin(黑色素黑色素), which determines your individual shade. Hair without any melanin is pure white

51、. The pigment is produced in cells called melanocytes, which inject pigment into the hair. At some point in everyones lifetime, these cells slow down and eventually stop producing colour. Scientists have yet to identify the exact mechanism by which melanocyte cells death occurs. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)

52、題 A study of more than 4，000 women and men from 20 countries determined that about 75% of people between the ages of 45 and 65 have some grey hair. In general, people of European descent grey earliest followed by Asians and Africans. Its interesting to note that a lucky 1 in 10 has no grey hair by r

53、etirement age. Beginning at age 30, your chances of having grey hair go up 10%20% per decade. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 It may feel like you have more greys after a stressful event, but thats probably because middle age is basically a series of anxietyridden events. Between working, raising kids, and ca

54、ring for older parents, the “sandwich” years of 4565 can be stressful, especially for women. They are also stressful when they naturally start to look older. At this point, there is still no silver_bullet to keep away the greys. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 1What would be the best title for this passage? A

55、Going grey BTips to make hair colour last CWhy does hair turn grey DGrey hair is in fashion 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 2Which of the following is a TRUE statement according to the passage? AScientists have found out how to prevent hair from turning grey. BEuropeans are more likely to grey than Asians and

56、 Africans. CGrey hair means poor health or a sign of illness. DEveryone will inevitably get grey hair by retirement age. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 3Which is not among the reasons for hair turning grey according to the passage? ABeing physically weak. BStress from different sides. CDeath of melanocyte ce

57、lls. DGenetic factors. 4What does “silver bullet” in the last paragraph probably mean? AMakeup. BScientific research. CChemical weapon. DCure. 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 【文章大意文章大意】 本文介紹了為什么人的頭發(fā)會(huì)變白本文介紹了為什么人的頭發(fā)會(huì)變白。這這是自然老化的過程是自然老化的過程，與基因有關(guān)與基因有關(guān)，還和黑色素分泌的還和黑色素分泌的多少有關(guān)多少有關(guān)，黑色素越少黑色素越少，頭發(fā)越白頭發(fā)越白。通過研究通過研究20個(gè)國個(gè)國家的家的

58、4000多名男性和女性可知多名男性和女性可知，有年齡原因也有地域有年齡原因也有地域原因原因。生活壓力大也是原因之一生活壓力大也是原因之一。 1C 主旨大意題主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文尤其是文章的第一句可根據(jù)全文尤其是文章的第一句可知知，本文講的是頭發(fā)變白的原因本文講的是頭發(fā)變白的原因，故選故選C項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 2B 推理判斷題推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的根據(jù)第三段的“In general, people of European descent grey earliest followed by Asians and Africans.”可知可知，歐洲人早于亞洲人和非歐洲人早于亞洲人和非洲人頭發(fā)變白洲人頭發(fā)變白，故選故選B項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 返回目錄返回目錄 教師備用習(xí)題教師備用習(xí)題 3A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，白發(fā)是白發(fā)是一個(gè)正常老化的過程一個(gè)正常老化的過程，頭發(fā)變白是由基因已經(jīng)決定了頭發(fā)變白是由基因已經(jīng)決定了的事的事，與早亡無關(guān)與早亡無關(guān)，而且少白頭也不是生病或者身體而且少白頭也不是生病或者身體不舒服的標(biāo)志不舒服的標(biāo)志，故選故選A項(xiàng)項(xiàng)。 4D 詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，人人在在45歲到歲到65歲之間壓力很大歲之間壓力很大，尤其是婦女尤其是婦女，還有自然還有自然老化問題老化問題，故選故選D項(xiàng)項(xiàng)(治愈治愈)。