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1、英文原文Parameters Calculation and Structure Design of Pipe Belt ConveyerZaimei Zhang1, Fang Zhou2, Jianheng Ji21School of Mechanical Engineering, University ofJinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province,China2Departments ofInformation Engineering, Shandong Water Vocational College, Rizhao 276826,Shandong Pr

2、ovince, China Abstract: Pipe belt conveyor is a new type of special belt conveyor and it is wildly used in conveying powder material. In the paper, the advantages of pipe belt conveyor are introduced. Calculation of pipe belt conveyor s main parameters is different from that of conventional belt con

3、veyor s. The parameters such as throughput, belt speed, belt width, resistance, tension in belt and power are described. The length of transitionsection is analyzed because it is important to the belt life. Hexagon supporting rollers and tipping device are necessary parts ofpipe belt conveyor. The s

4、tructures of them are also discussed.keywords: Pipe Belt Conveyor, Transition Section,Hexagon Supporting Rollers, Tipping Device 1. IntroductionPipe belt conveyor is a new type of special belt conveyor which developed from the conventional belt conveyor. In this conveyor, flat belt is forced to be t

5、ubular by supporting roller groups and material conveyed is enveloped in it. Therefore airproof convey is realized in whole conveyance line. Pipe belt conveyor was proposed in 1964 by Japan Pipe Conveyor (JPC), and it went into real use in 19791 .After that, it was rapidly developed in Gennany and A

6、merica and widely used abroad. But it is not deeply studied and its use is much limited in China.2. The characteristics of pipe belt conveyorFigurel is for the structure of pipe belt conveyor. The load is putted on by the feeder at the end of conveyor.The belt is flat when it runs through the driven

7、 roller and it is conducted by a series of supporting rollers to be tubular gradually. Thus airproof conveyance is realized. In order to discharge, the pipe is also conducted by a series of supporting rollers to be flat near the driving roller. The conveyor discharges at its head. Two-way conveyance

8、 can be realized. But tipping device for belt must be added. Characteristics are obvious due to its special structure comparing with other belt conveyor1.(1) Unpolluted conveyanceIn pipe belt conveyor, material doesnt come out and isnt influenced by environment because the belt is tubular and the tw

9、o sides lap over each other. When it conveys powder, food and chemical material etc., this advantage is obvious.(2) Big obliquity of conveyanceObliquity can reach about 18 in the conventional belt conveyor. But in pipe belt conveyor, material is enveloped in pipe and friction between material and be

10、lt is greater than before. So obliquity can be increased to 30 The bigger obliquity is, the shorter conveyance length will be. This can result in lower cost.(3) Two-way conveyance is convenientBelt can be tubular in return of pipe belt conveyor and material can be conveyed in the reverse direction b

11、y special device such as special feeder and tipping device.(4) Conveyor bed is narrowIn conveyance, bed is narrow because the cross section is a circle. The required building space and building steel are reduced. The bed cost is low and it can be used when space is limited.3 .Main parameters calcula

12、tion of pipe belt conveyorMain parameters in pipe belt conveyor are throughput, belt width, belt speed and power. But production throughput is always given.3.1 Calculation throughputThroughput of conveyor can be fonnulated as follows2:Where is belt speed, is the pipe area, is density of material con

13、veyed and is coefficient of material filling, = 0.440.8. If material size is less than one third of pipe diameter, =0.8. If material size is one third of pipe diameter, =0.75. If material size is half of pipe diameter, =0.58. If material size is two thirds of pipe diameter, =0.44.3.2 Belt speedBelt

14、speed is determined by characteristic of material, throughput, belt width and the installation method of conveyor. Generally speaking, quick belt speed is beneficial because it can reduce belt width and tension in belt when throughput is constant. This will economize on investment in belt and power

15、consumption. Belt speed usually used is 25m/s3.3.3 Belt widthBelt width can be calculated according throughput. The belt diameter can be expressed2:Where d is pipe diameter.The lap of two sides is about one third or half of pipe diameter. When belt is tubular, the relationship between belt width and

16、 pipe diameter is as follow:3.4 Running resistance calculationThe method has no difference in resistance calculation between pipe belt conveyor and conventional belt conveyor. Generally, Coefficient of resistance is usually used in resistance calculation. Tension in belt is calculated point by point

17、. Extrusion force is increased because material is enveloped in pipe. Therefore coefficient of resistance in pipe belt conveyor is greater than that in conventional belt conveyor.(1)Resistance in tangentResistance in belt with load2:Resistance in belt without load:Where is resistance in running, is

18、the unit mass of belt per meter, is the average unit mass of the upper supporting rollers per meter along the belt, is the unit mass of material per meter along the belt, is the average unit mass of the below supporting rollers per meter along the belt, is the length of conveyance, is obliquity of c

19、onveyance and is coefficient of resistance in supporting rollers, showed in table 1.Table 1.Coefficient of resistance in supporting rollers(2) Resistance in curvatureResistance in curvature is caused by belt ossification and friction in roller bearings. It is proportional to the tension at curvature

20、 entrance. That is2 :Where is the tension in belt at curvature exit, is the tension in belt at curvature entrance and is coefficient of resistance.3.5 Tension calculation in beltAfter resistance in each section has been calculated, we can calculate the tension at every point. We can divide whole pat

21、h into several tangents and curvatures and number every joint before we calculate. Tension at any point is calculated by the formula as followed2:Where and are tension in belt at point and point , is resistance between point and point . The tension at driving roller entrance and driving roller exit

22、can be obtained. Circumferential force on driving roller can be described by following expression:Where is circumferential force on driving roller, is the tension in belt at driving roller entrance and is the tension in belt at driving roller exit. The following condition must be satisfied because t

23、he belt do not permitted to slide on driving roller2.Where is the coefficient of friction between the belt and driving roller, is angle of the belt enveloping on the roller.3.6 Power calculationPower is mainly consumed in overcoming running resistance. And some power is used in elevating material in

24、 sloping conveyor. Power on driving roller shaft can be calculated by the follower expression2:So the motor power is:Where is a factor of safety and is transmission device efficiency.4 Structure design of pipe belt conveyor4.1 The length of transition sectionFigure 2 Length of transition sectionTran

25、sition section is shown in figure 2. The belt is flat at driving roller and driven roller. The belt is turned from flat belt into tubular one at transition section. The length of transition depends on the permissible extension of belt. If transition section is too short, additional deformation and s

26、tress will be great in both sides of belt. This will result damage to belt. If transition section is too long, distance of airproof conveyance in whole line will be shortened. Generally speaking, the length of transition section equals to 25 diameters in nylon belt while 50 diameters in wire rope be

27、lt3.4.2 Design of supporting rollersParallel supporting rollers must be used near driving roller and driven roller so that the angle of the belt enveloping on the roller is big enough. But at other position in transition section trough supporting rollers are used. Thus the flat belt can become tubul

28、ar one gradually and additional stress at edge of belt can be reduced. So trough angle is usually 20,30 ,45 ,60 and 90. Since impact load at material entrance is inevitable, three groups of cushioning supporting rollers can sever to reduce the intensity of shock loads and its spacing is about 300500

29、mm4.Hexagon supporting rollers are widely used after the flat belt becomes tubular onel5J Rollers can be equipped on the same side or two sides of the supporting board. is easy to positioning rollers precisely and the force in belt is uniform when the six rollers are equipped on the same side of sup

30、porting board. Generally speaking, the adjacent rollers spacing should not exceed the belt thickness, usually 48mm. If the spacing were too big, the edge of belt would jam in it. There are three rollers on each side of the supporting board when rollers are equipped on two sides of it. The length of

31、roller can be longer than the length of hexagon side and the belt can not jam in the space of adjacent rollers. On the other hand, the force in supporting board is uniform. Rollers on supporting board are shown in fig.3 and fig.4.Figure 3 .Rollers on same side of suppporting boardFigure 4. Rollers o

32、n two side of suppporting boardRigidity is greatly increased after flat belt becomes tubular. So supporting rollers spacing can also be increased. Supporting roller groups spacing with load is about 1.2m or 1.0m and it is 3.0m in return in conventional conveyor, while it varies with the pipe diamete

33、r in pipe belt conveyor. The greater pipe b diameter is, the greater the spacing is5. The relationship etween pipe diameter and the spacing is shown in table 25.Table 2. The relationship between pipe diameter and supporting roller groups spacing4.3 Belt tipping deviceRemnant material on belt will po

34、llute environment and adhere to rollers and supporting rollers after discharge. This will result to belt wear. So the same side of belt is always used when conveying material. Belt tipping device severs to overturn the belt 6. It consists of several rollers. The belt is hold by two horizontal roller

35、s and two vertical rollers and tum 90 Then another two horizontal rollers hold the belt and tum it 90 at the same direction. Thus belt overturn is realized. The spacing between horizontal rollers and vertical rollers depends on belt width and operation conditions.5. ConclusionCompared with conventio

36、nal belt conveyor, pipe belt conveyor has so many advantages that it will be widely used in the future. When calculating parameters, some formals in convention belt conveyor can be used in pipe belt conveyor, but some coefficients must be modified. The power is greater in pipe belt conveyor than in

37、conventional belt conveyor because friction is great in pipe belt conveyor. The transition section length depends on the belt type and pipe diameter. Parallel supporting rollers and trough supporting rollers in conventional belt conveyor can also be used in pipe belt conveyor, but trough angle varie

38、s with the poison where trough supporting rollers are installed. Hexagon supporting rollers and tipping device exist only in pipe belt conveyor and their structure is described in this paper. Supporting roller groups spacing also varies with pipe diameter.References1 Kai Liu, Application and Develop

39、ment of Pipe Belt Conveyor, Coal Technology, 2006,25(09): 19-21 2 Maton A E, Power and Capacity Review of Tubular Pipe and Trough Conveyor, Bulk Solids Handing, 1997,17(1):47-50 3 Zhiping Li, Application of Pipe Belt Conveyor in Bulk Handling, Electric Power Survey &Design,2003,1:48-52 4 Weigang Son

40、g, Ye Yu, The Development and Critical Techniques of the Pipe Belt Conveyor, Cement, 2005,04:42-46 5 Yuefeng An, Pipe belt conveyor, S P & BMH Related engineering. 2006,2:39-42 6 Gregory A Vaka, Pipe Conveyor-Development and Advantages, Bulk Solids Handling, 1998,18(3):451-455中文譯文管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的參數(shù)計(jì)算和結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)張?jiān)?/p>

41、美1，周芳2，紀(jì)健恒21濟(jì)南大學(xué) 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院，中國 ，山東 濟(jì)南 2500222. 山東水利職業(yè)學(xué)院 信息工程系，中國，山東 日照 276826摘要:管狀帶式輸送機(jī)是一種新型的專用帶式輸送機(jī)，它可廣泛應(yīng)用于粉狀物料的運(yùn)輸。論文介紹了管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。計(jì)算了不同于普通帶式輸送機(jī)的管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的主要參數(shù)。描述了管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的輸送能力、帶速、帶寬、摩擦阻力、膠帶張緊力和功率。分析了過渡段長度，因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)膠帶壽命很重要。六邊形托輥和傾翻裝置是管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的必要原件。它們的結(jié)構(gòu)在論文中也進(jìn)行了論述。關(guān)鍵詞：管狀帶式輸送機(jī)，過渡段，六邊形托輥，傾翻裝置1.緒論管狀帶式輸送機(jī)是在普通帶式輸送機(jī)基礎(chǔ)

42、上發(fā)展起來的一種新型專用帶式輸送機(jī)。在該輸送機(jī)中，平直的膠帶被托輥組卷成管狀，物料被包在管狀膠帶中運(yùn)輸。因此可實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)運(yùn)輸路線封閉運(yùn)輸。1964年，日本管狀輸送機(jī)公司研發(fā)了管狀帶式輸送機(jī)，1979年正式投入使用。隨后，該輸送機(jī)在德國和美國獲得了迅速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用。但是，中國對(duì)該輸送機(jī)未進(jìn)行深入研究，其應(yīng)用被大大限制了。2.管狀帶式輸送機(jī)特性管狀帶式輸送機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示。在輸送機(jī)尾部的進(jìn)料器將物料裝載到輸送機(jī)膠帶上。當(dāng)膠帶通過從動(dòng)滾筒時(shí)，它是平直的，然后經(jīng)一系列托輥引導(dǎo)，逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣軤?。從而可以?shí)現(xiàn)封閉運(yùn)輸。為了卸載，管狀膠帶也需要一系列靠近驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒的托輥引導(dǎo)從而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠街钡?。該輸送機(jī)在其機(jī)頭部

43、卸載。它可以實(shí)現(xiàn)雙向運(yùn)輸。但是必須加設(shè)傾翻裝置。由于其特殊結(jié)構(gòu)，與其他帶式輸送機(jī)相比，它的特征是很明顯的1。（1）清潔運(yùn)輸在管狀帶式輸送機(jī)中，物料不會(huì)泄露出來并且不受環(huán)境的影響，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸膠帶是管狀的，膠帶的邊緣搭接在一起。當(dāng)運(yùn)輸粉狀物料、食物和化學(xué)物料等時(shí)，該優(yōu)點(diǎn)十分突出。（2）大傾角運(yùn)輸普通膠帶運(yùn)輸機(jī)的傾角可以達(dá)到18左右。但是，在管狀帶式輸送機(jī)中，物料被包在管狀膠帶中，物料和膠帶的摩擦力較大。因此其傾角可以增加到30。傾角越大，運(yùn)輸長度將越短。這可以使成本降低。（3）便利的雙向運(yùn)輸返回時(shí)，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)膠帶可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣軤睢Ｍㄟ^專用進(jìn)料器和傾翻裝置，物料可以進(jìn)行反向運(yùn)輸。（4）狹窄的運(yùn)輸機(jī)架

44、在管狀帶式輸送機(jī)中，運(yùn)輸機(jī)架是狹窄的。因?yàn)楣軤钅z帶的橫截面是圓形的。這減少了必需的建筑空間和建筑物料。運(yùn)輸機(jī)架成本很低，當(dāng)安裝空間被限制時(shí)依然可以使用。圖1 管狀帶式輸送機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)3.管狀帶式輸送機(jī)主要參數(shù)計(jì)算管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的主要參數(shù)包括：輸送能力、帶寬、帶速和功率。但是輸送機(jī)輸送能力一般都是額定的。3.1 輸送能力計(jì)算管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的輸送能力可以用下式表示2：式中，帶速； 膠帶圓管截面積； 物料堆積密度；裝料充滿系數(shù)，取0.440.8。當(dāng)物料塊度尺寸1/3管徑時(shí)， =0.8；當(dāng)物料塊度尺寸=1/3管徑時(shí)， =0.75；當(dāng)物料塊度尺寸=1/2管徑時(shí)， =0.58；當(dāng)物料塊度尺寸=2/3管徑時(shí)， =

45、0.44。3.2 帶速管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的帶速由物料特性、輸送能力、帶寬和輸送機(jī)安裝方式?jīng)Q定。一般而言，較快的帶速是有利的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)輸送能力額定時(shí)，它可以減小帶寬和膠帶張緊力。這可以節(jié)省膠帶材料和降低能量消耗。帶速一般取25m/s3。3.3 帶寬帶寬可以根據(jù)輸送能力計(jì)算。膠帶管徑可以表示為：式中，膠帶管徑。膠帶邊緣搭接長度大約為1/31/2管徑。當(dāng)膠帶是管狀時(shí)，帶寬和膠帶管徑關(guān)系如下：3.4 運(yùn)行摩擦阻力計(jì)算管狀帶式輸送機(jī)摩擦阻力的計(jì)算方法和普通帶式輸送機(jī)摩擦阻力的計(jì)算方法一樣。一般，摩擦系數(shù)常用于摩擦阻力計(jì)算。膠帶張緊力逐點(diǎn)計(jì)算出來。因?yàn)槲锪媳话诠軤钅z帶中，增加了對(duì)膠帶的擠壓力。因此，管狀帶式輸

46、送機(jī)摩擦系數(shù)比普通帶式輸送機(jī)大。（1）切向摩擦阻力加載時(shí)膠帶摩擦阻力2：卸載時(shí)膠帶摩擦阻力式中，運(yùn)行摩擦阻力； 每米膠帶質(zhì)量； 上部托輥沿膠帶每米平均質(zhì)量； 物料沿膠帶每米質(zhì)量； 下部托輥沿膠帶每米平均質(zhì)量； 帶式輸送機(jī)長度；帶式輸送機(jī)傾角；托輥摩擦系數(shù)，見表1。表1 托輥摩擦系數(shù)環(huán) 境平直托輥槽形托輥六邊形托輥清潔、干燥和無灰塵的戶內(nèi)0.0180.020.0350.045正常溫度下少量灰塵0.0250.030.0450.055大量灰塵的戶外0.0350.040.0550.075（2）彎曲摩擦阻力彎曲摩擦阻力是由于膠帶硬化和膠帶與滾筒軸承摩擦引起的。它與彎曲入口處的張緊力成比例。即為2：式中，

47、膠帶彎曲出口處的張緊力； 膠帶彎曲入口處的張緊力； 摩擦系數(shù)。3.5 膠帶張緊力計(jì)算當(dāng)計(jì)算出每一段的摩擦阻力后，我們可以計(jì)算出每一點(diǎn)的張緊力。在我們計(jì)算前，我們可以將整個(gè)運(yùn)輸路線分成若干切線段和彎曲段，并對(duì)每一個(gè)連接點(diǎn)進(jìn)行編號(hào)。任意一點(diǎn)的張緊力均可用下式計(jì)算2：式中，點(diǎn)、點(diǎn)處的膠帶張緊力；點(diǎn)和點(diǎn)間的摩擦阻力。驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒入口和出口處的皮帶張緊力可以測(cè)得。驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒上的切向力可以用下式表示：式中，驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒切向力； 驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒入口處膠帶張緊力； 驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒出口處膠帶張緊力。因?yàn)椴辉试S膠帶在驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒上滑動(dòng)，所以必須滿足下列條件2：式中，膠帶和驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒摩擦系數(shù)； 膠帶在驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒上的圍包角。3.6 功率計(jì)算功率主

48、要消耗在克服運(yùn)行摩擦阻力上。一部分功率用于傾斜輸送機(jī)的物料提升。驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒功率可以用下式計(jì)算2：因此電動(dòng)機(jī)功率為：式中，安全系數(shù)； 傳動(dòng)效率。4.管狀帶式輸送機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)4.1過渡段長度圖2 過渡段長度管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的過渡段如圖2所示。驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒和從動(dòng)滾筒之間的膠帶是平形的，而在過渡段，膠帶的形狀由平形轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楣軤?。過渡段的長度由膠帶的最大允許伸長量決定，如果過渡段過短，其兩面的附加變形和附加應(yīng)力都比較大，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致膠帶損壞。如果過渡段過長，輸送裝置的封閉輸送線路部分就會(huì)變短。一般來說，材料為尼龍帆布時(shí)其過渡段的長度為25倍的直徑，而材料為鋼繩芯時(shí)，其過渡段長度應(yīng)為50倍的直徑3。4.2 托輥的設(shè)計(jì)為了

49、確保滾筒的圍包角足夠大，平行的托輥必須安裝于驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒與從動(dòng)滾筒之間。但是在過渡段的其它位置，所使用的托輥為槽形托輥。因此，平膠帶可逐漸變?yōu)楣軤钅z帶，而且膠帶邊緣的附加應(yīng)力也會(huì)降低。槽角一般為20，30，45，60和90。由于物料入口處所受到的沖擊是不可避免的，因此安裝三組緩沖托輥以減小其沖擊的強(qiáng)度，緩沖托輥的間距約為300500mm4。當(dāng)膠帶形狀由平形變?yōu)楣軤詈?，可以使用六邊形托輥?duì)膠帶進(jìn)行支撐。六邊形托輥可以固定于支撐板的同側(cè)或異側(cè)，因此當(dāng)有六個(gè)托輥安裝于支撐板的同側(cè)時(shí)，這樣就便于精確固定托輥從而使膠帶分布均勻。一般情況下，相鄰?fù)休佒g的距離不應(yīng)超過膠帶48mm。如果間距過大，膠帶邊緣將會(huì)出

50、現(xiàn)堵塞現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)托輥安裝于支撐板異側(cè)時(shí)，每側(cè)的托輥數(shù)量均為三個(gè)。托輥的長度應(yīng)大于正六邊形的邊長，這樣膠帶就不會(huì)在相鄰?fù)休侀g堵塞。另外，可以使支撐板上的壓力均衡。支撐板上的托輥分布如圖3、圖4所示。圖3. 同側(cè)支承板上的托輥分布圖4. 異側(cè)支承板上的托輥分布此外，當(dāng)膠帶形狀由平形變?yōu)楣軤詈?，其剛度將大大增加，因此托輥間距同樣也須增加。隨著膠帶管徑的變化，托輥組的間距一般為1.2m或1.0m，而在常規(guī)的輸送機(jī)中該距離為3.0m。膠帶管徑越大，間距越大，二者的變化關(guān)系如表2所示5。表2 管徑和托輥組間距的關(guān)系管徑(mm)150200300450托輥組間距(m)1.51.61.82.74.3 膠帶傾翻裝

51、置當(dāng)運(yùn)料結(jié)束后，膠帶上的剩余物料將粘在滾筒上，污染環(huán)境，磨損膠帶。在輸送物料時(shí)，使用的一般總是膠帶的同一側(cè)。膠帶傾翻裝置是用來傾翻膠帶的，該裝置是由幾個(gè)滾輪組成。膠帶的固定是通過兩個(gè)水平滾輪和垂直滾輪實(shí)現(xiàn)的，然后另外的兩個(gè)水平滾輪就可對(duì)膠帶進(jìn)行90的同側(cè)傾翻，即可實(shí)現(xiàn)翻帶。水平滾輪和垂直滾輪的間距由膠帶寬度和操作條件而決定。5.結(jié)論與普通帶式輸送機(jī)相比，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此，它將獲得廣泛的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)計(jì)算參數(shù)時(shí)，用于普通帶式輸送機(jī)參數(shù)計(jì)算的一些公式也可以用于管狀帶式輸送機(jī)參數(shù)計(jì)算，但是必須對(duì)一些系數(shù)進(jìn)行修正。因?yàn)楣軤顜捷斔蜋C(jī)的摩擦阻力比普通帶式輸送機(jī)大，所以它的功率較大。過渡段的長度由

52、膠帶的類型和管徑?jīng)Q定。普通帶式輸送機(jī)中的平直托輥和槽形托輥也可以用于管狀帶式輸送機(jī)。但是槽形角隨著槽形托輥的安裝位置而變化。六邊形托輥和傾翻裝置僅適用于管狀帶式輸送機(jī)。它們的結(jié)構(gòu)在論文中進(jìn)行了描述。托輥組的間距也隨管徑而變化。參考文獻(xiàn)1劉凱，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，煤炭科技，2006，25（09）；19-212 Maton A E，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)和槽形帶式輸送機(jī)功率電容對(duì)比，散裝固體運(yùn)輸，1997，17(1):47-503李志平，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)在散裝固體運(yùn)輸中的應(yīng)用，電力勘測(cè)與設(shè)計(jì)，2003，1:48-524宋衛(wèi)剛，余燁，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展和鑒定技術(shù)，水泥，2005,04:42-465安躍峰，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)，S P & BMH Related engineering，2006,2:39-426 Gregory A Vaka，管狀帶式輸送機(jī)的發(fā)展和優(yōu)點(diǎn)，散裝固體運(yùn)輸，1998,18(3):451-455