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1、 9大語法難點(diǎn)（1）一、賓語從句1.賓語從句的含義充當(dāng)主句賓語的從句叫做賓語從句。如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道這位老師看過這部電影?！皌hat the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的賓語，同時(shí)又是由連接詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句，所以它叫做賓語從句。2. 賓語從句的分類（1）動(dòng)詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它是位于動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問我們班上誰的書法最好。（2）介詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它

2、是位于介詞后面的賓語從句。如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你剛才說的話。（3）形容詞賓語從句：顧名思義，它是位于形容詞后面的賓語從句。如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要遲到了。3. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞（1）that：沒有含義，在賓語從句中不做成分（2）whether/if：表示是否，在賓語從句中不做成分。I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道這么多年后，他是否還住在這里。（3）連接代詞：wh

3、at, which, who, whom, whose（在賓語從句中做主、賓、表和定語）連接副詞：where, when, how, why（在賓語從句中做狀語）The small children don't know what is in their stockings（what 在賓語從句中做主語）這些小孩子不知道什么在他們的長筒襪里。Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在賓語從句中做原因狀語）你能告訴我為什么你今天早上開會(huì)遲到嗎？4. 在做賓語從句的題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn)（1）時(shí)態(tài)

4、：當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。I don't know when he will come back我不知道他將何時(shí)回來。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。當(dāng)主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語從句必須是一種過去的時(shí)態(tài)。She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。He said that he could finish his work before supper他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。當(dāng)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理的句子做賓語從句

5、時(shí)，任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說過地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（2）語序：任何從句都使用陳述句語序，賓語從句當(dāng)然也不例外。同學(xué)們只要掌握了以上內(nèi)容，應(yīng)對賓語從句的題目就不成問題了。二、介詞by的用法1. 意為“在旁”，“靠近”。Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖邊畫畫兒。 2. 意為“不遲于”，“到時(shí)為止”。Your son will b

6、e all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多少首英語歌曲? 3. 表示方法、手段,可譯作“靠”、“用”、“憑借”、“通過”、“乘坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑。The boys father was so thankful that he taught

7、 Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父親是那么的感激,于是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報(bào)來傳達(dá)信息。4. 表示“逐個(gè)”，“逐批”的意思。One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他們一個(gè)一個(gè)得在黑暗中經(jīng)過這張桌子。5. 表示“根據(jù)”，“按照”的意思。What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點(diǎn)了? 6. 和take , hold等動(dòng)詞連用，說明接觸身體的某一部分。I took him by the han

8、d. 我拉住了他的手。7. 用于被動(dòng)句中，表示行為主體,常譯作“被”、“由”等。English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人說。（即“許多人講英語?！保┤?、used to的用法used to 意為過去常常做某事。used to 的用法1. 肯定句：used這個(gè)詞沒有人稱的變化，to后面接動(dòng)詞原形。 否定句是didnt use to.When I was a child, I didnt use to like apples.當(dāng)我還是孩子的時(shí)候我不喜歡蘋果。疑問形式是Did you use to?Where did you use

9、 to live before you came here?當(dāng)你來這兒之前你住哪兒?2. 含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usednt + 主語,而用didnt 主語。He used to smoke, didnt he? 他過去常常吸煙，是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didnt. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。6EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F3756EDBC3191F2351DD815FF33D4435F375