二輥小型輥板帶軋鋼機(jī)設(shè)計(jì),小型,輥板帶,軋鋼機(jī),設(shè)計(jì) 附 錄 Row tandem cold rolling mill models and the flatness control In the second half of 1994, Sidmar on the 1st column of cold rolling mill was transformed into a row of five full mill, and equipped with a pickling line. The composition of its mill equipment, including: Screwdown hydraulic rack on the body; with the first-axial movement to the middle of the six roll roller mill; rack all the support roll; final Axial on the rack Mobile work roll. The new cold-rolling technology and this new pickling line to allow the pickling process, the export size and strip mill flatness of the closed-control. It contains two straight measurement system: First, the exit of the mill, and the other is on a rack between the cracks. Flatness through the traditional first-and last a feedback loop between the methods used straight-line model in support of the roll and axial movement set up to control the point. On-line model used to describe 6,4 roller mill axial movement of flatness of linear elements, parabolic and quartic equation. Apart from the straight-degree feedback control and set up online model, a unique feedback system through the strip to confirm the new shape of the type of rack with the flatness measurement to improve the mill exports straightness. The new system all have reached the objective of improving the range of products offered by the flatness quality requirements. Flatness requirements Sidmar rolling mill-650 ~ 1880 mm, thick 0.3 ~ 3.5 mm and material strength from low-carbon steel to HSLA and in the scope of the carbon steel materials. From the cold-rolled flat-out good for the workpiece can increase production and productivity, it is easy to meet the requirements of the final customer. Typically, the flatness of raw materials from the change to ± 15 units to go through the entrance to the export line, but according to the residual error and patterns of different wavelengths, the rolling of the roughness is still greatly changed. Sidmar of the mill, in the stable operation of the circumstances, from raw materials to ± 8 units with volume flatness is the standard performance, better than from raw materials to ± 11 units, weaker than from raw materials to ± 5 units. In the new online rolling, rolling with the completion of the volume was shorter, and its new hot-rolled to the 12 volumes between Weld. In this regard, it is the flatness of interference is particularly important, but also for a single feedback system of feedback caused great difficulties. Different sizes of the mill online flatness requirements Physical model makes use of the mechanical structure of the most complex flatness model to a basic model was established. This basic model of the physical principles into mathematics and as a module on the code of procedure. Module code changes set to be simulated with special machinery to the requirements described in the form of software. For example, if the same model can be set to approximate a graphic description of quadratic equation or linear, quadratic equation and four equations, or for a more detailed set around the strip of 50 units. Sidmar mill's online needs of the linear model of the device, secondary and four of the equation. Shape model includes the following modules: Roll the deflection Roll of contact stress Roll-indentation Tensile strength Coil pressure Roll the deflection - Roll strength calculation using a typical beam bending theory. Roll can be considered a distribution load with the beam, on the assumption that the Centre for roller bearings fulcrum mainly by the deflection and bending torque and shear stress caused. Because the roll diameter and length of the roll ratio is very large, shear stress caused by deflection is also counting. With short tapered roller, axial movement can reduce support the work roll contact length. In this way, across the width of the strip work roll can reduce the deflection. This way, Roll asymmetric axial movement can significantly reduce the width of the strip flatness of the sensitivity. Roll axial movement of the results can roll around the support of the changes in the distribution of load to simulate. Roll of contact stress - the support between the two roller pressure led to a local point of contact around the defect, along the axis of a distribution of the load. Through the "Hertz pressure," according to two of Roll contacts between the different deflection to simulate the distribution of load. Roll-indentation - Roll gap appearance by the work roll and strip contacts between the different and flexible indentation great impact. Roll a small indentation model regional units on the pressure arising from the roll for the deflection factor. Straightening depend on the general roll and strip contact surface of the combined effects of small area. Tensile strength - flat, tensile strength and strip the pressure caused from the outline of each other at the top of the rack had a lot of negative feedback. As strip stretching from the load can change from the roll compression to stretch and get the sensitivity. Coil pressure - As the strip surface defects caused by work roll to strip from the horizontal surface of the load distribution. Comprehensive rolling pressure / arc-length model of the rolling force to provide accurate forecasts. The flatness model, the use of a simplified form is built on the rolling force model on the basis of the sensitivity. Sidmar of equipment, the new head of the strip is based on the impact of each volume with his head in a hot record in the process of measurement to calculate, although not very important, but more accurate measurement of the increase in the head Straightness model accuracy played an important role. Coil shape - roll bite in two places, depending on the shape of the strip slot shape. The shape depends on the roll deflection, shape and surface roll gap, through their respective geometric model to describe. Flatness - each rack between the flatness of rolling to a large extent dependent on the process of drawing in varying degrees. On cold-rolled, the next strip process was limited to a partial region, in addition to the extra-territorial area, the strip can be assumed to be deviations vertical. Exports flatness decided to strip the head of the changes and the new strip to the combined effects of flatness. Sub-structure - a special structure to reduce the rolling model, a number of standard components of the subsystem model were constructed. Figure 2 on the roll, a simple components can be defined under the influence of the work force of the roller deflection. Use this method, roll roll axial movement and support the length of the combined effect of exposure to computational geometry sensitivity. This component of the geometric sensitivity mathematical expression are as follows: (1) Another component is used to define work roll and strip contacts between the force, and it is working roller deflection into the strip shape and stretching the function. (2) This synthesis of the two components were later used to roll and strip the complex model. 6 roll and four roll mill structure - with geometric shapes and components of knowledge, most of the rack component model can be constructed, for example, such as the four-high mill work roll bending and axial movement; six ROLL Mill work roll and roll the middle of the implementation of devices and bending the middle of the roll axial movement. And six four-high model of the roller mill with the same method of structural 6-high mill in the circumstances, a backup roll and roll the middle of the roll impact must be considered, the conditions have to balance their work and roll and roll the unanimous support . 連續(xù)縱列式冷軋機(jī)的平直度模型和控制 在1994年的下半年，Sidmar一號縱列式冷軋機(jī)被改造為完全連續(xù)的五架軋機(jī)，并且配備了一條酸洗線。其軋機(jī)設(shè)備的組成包括：機(jī)架上的液壓壓下機(jī)構(gòu)；第一架帶有能軸向移動的中間輥的六輥軋機(jī)；所有機(jī)架的支撐輥；最后一個(gè)機(jī)架上的軸向移動的工作輥。這個(gè)新的冷軋技術(shù)和這條新的酸洗線允許酸洗過程、軋機(jī)出口尺寸和鋼帶平直度的閉式控制。 它含有兩條平直度測量系統(tǒng)：一是在軋機(jī)出口處，另一個(gè)是在機(jī)架間的縫隙。平直度是通過傳統(tǒng)的第一架和最后一架之間的閉環(huán)反饋方法，用平直度在線模型在支撐輥和軸向移動設(shè)定的點(diǎn)來控制。在線模型用來描述6、4輥軋機(jī)軸向移動的平直度元素的線性、拋物線和四次方程。 除了平直度反饋控制和在線模型設(shè)定以外，一種獨(dú)特的反饋系統(tǒng)通過確認(rèn)新來的鋼帶的外形的種類，用機(jī)架間的平直度測量來提高軋機(jī)出口平直度。新系統(tǒng)的所有客觀性能都達(dá)到了提高所提供的產(chǎn)品范圍的平直度質(zhì)量的要求。 平直度要求 Sidmar軋機(jī)軋制寬650~1880mm，厚0.3~3.5 mm和材料強(qiáng)度從低碳鋼到HSLA和中碳鋼范圍的材料。從冷軋機(jī)出來的好的平直度的軋件能提高生產(chǎn)量和生產(chǎn)率，很容易滿足客戶最后的要求。 典型地，平直度從原料改變到±15個(gè)單位需要經(jīng)過入口到出口線，但根據(jù)殘留錯(cuò)誤的波長和型式的不同，軋件的不平度水平仍大大的改變。Sidmar軋機(jī)的改造之后，在穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的情況下，從原料到±8個(gè)單位是帶卷平直度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)性能，好于從原料到±11個(gè)單位，差于從原料到±5個(gè)單位。 在新軋制線上，軋制完成的帶卷被剪短的時(shí)候，它和新來的熱軋帶卷之間有一兩個(gè)焊縫。在這點(diǎn)上，它對平直度的干擾是尤為重要的，而且對單一反饋系統(tǒng)的反饋造成很大的困難。 不同尺寸軋機(jī)的在線平直度要求 物理模型的采用使得大多數(shù)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜的平直度模型能以一套基本的模型被建立。 這個(gè)基本模型把物理原理轉(zhuǎn)化為數(shù)學(xué)上的并作為模塊代碼的程序。模塊代碼被更改設(shè)定為模擬特殊機(jī)械排列到要求描述的形式的軟件。舉個(gè)例子，如相同的模型能被設(shè)定為一個(gè)圖形的近似二次方程或線性描述、二次方程和四次方程，或者設(shè)定為更詳細(xì)的遍布鋼帶的50個(gè)單位。Sidmar軋機(jī)的在線裝置模型需要線性的、二次的和四次的方程。 外形模型包括下列模塊： ·軋輥的撓度 ·軋輥間接觸應(yīng)力 ·軋輥面壓痕 ·抗拉強(qiáng)度 ·鋼帶壓力 軋輥的撓度——軋輥強(qiáng)度計(jì)算用的是典型梁彎曲理論。軋輥可認(rèn)為是一個(gè)帶有分布載荷的梁，假定軋輥軸承中心為支點(diǎn)和撓度主要是由彎曲力矩和剪切力引起的。因?yàn)檐堓佒睆胶洼伾黹L度的比值是非常大的，所以剪切力引起的撓度也算在內(nèi)。 用短的錐形軋輥時(shí)，軸向移動時(shí)可以減少支撐工作輥的接觸長度。這樣，橫跨鋼帶寬度的工作輥的撓度可以減小。用這種方法，軋輥不對稱的軸向移動能明顯地減小鋼帶寬度方向的平直度的靈敏度。軋輥軸向移動的結(jié)果可以通過遍布軋輥支撐面的分布載荷的變化來模擬。 軋輥間接觸應(yīng)力——兩輥之間的支撐壓力導(dǎo)致接觸點(diǎn)周圍產(chǎn)生局部缺陷，沿著水平軸線產(chǎn)生分布的載荷。通過“赫茲壓力作用”根據(jù)兩軋輥之間的接觸面撓度的不同來模擬這個(gè)分布載荷。 軋輥面壓痕——軋輥間隙的外形受工作輥和鋼帶接觸面間的彈性壓痕的不同而影響很大。軋輥壓痕模型是以小區(qū)域上的單位壓力引起的軋輥的撓度為影響因素?？傮w矯直取決于軋輥和鋼帶接觸面上的小區(qū)域的綜合影響。 抗拉強(qiáng)度——平直度、抗拉強(qiáng)度和鋼帶壓力的相互影響導(dǎo)致從輪廓頂部到機(jī)架間產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)很大的負(fù)反饋。由于鋼帶拉伸引起的載荷的改變可以通過從軋輥壓縮到拉伸的靈敏度而得到。 鋼帶壓力——由于帶鋼表面缺陷而引起從工作輥到鋼帶表面橫向的載荷分布。綜合軋制壓力/弧長模型提供精確的軋制力預(yù)報(bào)。對平直度模型來說，被使用的一個(gè)簡化的形式是建立在軋制力模型靈敏度的基礎(chǔ)上的。 對Sidmar設(shè)備來說，對新來的帶鋼頭部的影響是根據(jù)每一個(gè)帶卷頭部在熱軋過程中的測量記錄來計(jì)算的，雖然不太重要，但增加的精確測量在提高頭部平直度模型精確度方面起了重要作用。 鋼帶外形——在兩輥咬合的地方，帶鋼的的外形取決于縫隙的形狀。而外形取決于軋輥撓度、軋輥表面形狀和缺口，通過他們各自的幾何模型來描述。 平直度——每個(gè)機(jī)架間材料的平直度很大程度上依賴于軋制過程中拉伸程度的不同。對冷軋來說，接下來的流程帶鋼被限制在一個(gè)局部的區(qū)域，除了這個(gè)小區(qū)域外，帶鋼的偏差可以假定為縱向的。出口平直度決定于帶鋼頭部變化和新來的帶鋼平直度的綜合影響。 亞結(jié)構(gòu)——為減少構(gòu)造特殊軋制模型，一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)組件的子系統(tǒng)模型分別被構(gòu)造。對圖2中的軋輥來說，一個(gè)簡單的組件就可以定義作用力影響下的工作輥的撓度。用這個(gè)方法，通過軋輥軸向移動和支撐輥的接觸長度的共同影響來計(jì)算幾何靈敏度。這個(gè)構(gòu)件的幾何靈敏度數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式如下： （1） 另一個(gè)組件是用來定義工作輥和帶鋼接觸面間的作用力的，它是工作輥撓度、進(jìn)入帶鋼的外形和拉伸的函數(shù)。 （2） 這兩個(gè)組件后來被合成用于軋輥和鋼帶的復(fù)雜模型。 六輥和四輥軋機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)——用幾何形狀和組件的知識，機(jī)架的大部分組件模型能夠被構(gòu)造，舉個(gè)例子，如四輥軋機(jī)的工作輥的彎曲和軸向移動；六輥軋機(jī)的工作輥和中間輥的彎曲執(zhí)行裝置和中間輥的軸向移動。四輥和六輥軋機(jī)的模型用相同的方法構(gòu)造但在六輥軋機(jī)的情況下，帶有支撐輥和工作輥的中間輥的影響必須被考慮，其平衡條件要和工作輥和支撐輥的一致。