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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語(yǔ)精品資料 名詞性從句：賓語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)從句 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。 一、賓語(yǔ)從句 在句子中作動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。 1．由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 (1)連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去。 She has tol

2、d me (that) she will go to Hong Kong tomorrow. 她已經(jīng)告訴我明天她要去香港。 [點(diǎn)津]　引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略的情況： ①當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略； ②當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略，第二個(gè)或第二個(gè)以后的that不可以省略。 I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve. 我相信你已經(jīng)盡力了，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。 1 (北京高考改編)Experts believe t

3、hat people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. (2)動(dòng)詞＋it＋形容詞或慣用搭配＋that從句 We think it important that every citizen should have good manners. 我們認(rèn)為每個(gè)市民有禮貌是很重要的。(其中it為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)就是that引導(dǎo)的從句) I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.(that不能省略) 我已表明決心執(zhí)行這個(gè)計(jì)劃。

4、We all find it important that we should make a quick decision about this matter. 我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事立刻做出決定很重要。 2 (山東高考改編)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. (3)有些動(dòng)詞如like, dislike, hate, appreciate等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句通常也用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。 I hate it when someone speaks to me with his mout

5、h full. 我不喜歡有人滿嘴含著飯跟我說(shuō)話。 I would appreciate it if you can do me a favor. 要是你能幫我個(gè)忙，我會(huì)很感激的。 2．wh­疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，連接詞都在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 The

6、 kind man will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要幫助的人，那個(gè)好心人都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。 Could you tell me which job I should take, please? 請(qǐng)你告訴我我應(yīng)該選擇哪種工作，好嗎？ 3 ①(山東高考改編)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. ②(福建高考改編)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what

7、you're afraid to do. ③(湖南高考改編)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 3．whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 從屬連詞whether/if作“是否”講時(shí)，常用在ask, care, find out, know, wonder等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后引出帶有疑問(wèn)意義的賓語(yǔ)從句，whether或if不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分。 I don't know if/whether he will go to the c

8、inema this evening. 我不知道今晚他是否會(huì)去看電影。 [點(diǎn)津]　用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的情況： (1)直接與or not連用時(shí)； (2)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)； (3)從句作discuss的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。 4 (山東高考改編)We've offered her the job, but I don't know whether she'll accept it. 4．介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 介詞后面也可以接賓語(yǔ)從句。一般地，介詞后可以接wh­類的賓語(yǔ)從句；而in, besides, except, but等少數(shù)介詞后還可以接

9、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 We're talking about whether we go to the movies at once. 我們?cè)谟懻撐覀兪欠窳⒖叹腿タ措娪啊? He goes to work every day except when it's rainy. 他除了下雨的時(shí)候，天天都去上班。 Your composition is very good except that the handwriting is a little bad. 除了書(shū)寫(xiě)不太好外，你的作文很不錯(cuò)。 5．賓語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng) (1)語(yǔ)序：賓語(yǔ)從句一律要用陳述語(yǔ)序。 (2)

10、時(shí)態(tài)：若主句是祈使句或主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)句意來(lái)選用合適的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句一般用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，但若從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 老師告訴我們湯姆離開(kāi)我們?nèi)ッ绹?guó)了。 The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 老師說(shuō)太陽(yáng)東升西落。 二、表語(yǔ)從句 在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫作表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句位于主句中的系動(dòng)詞之后。 1．tha

11、t引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接詞that在從句中只起到連接作用，不作任何成分。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 問(wèn)題是我把他的地址丟了。 2．whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否；究竟；到底”，在句中不作任何成分。 What he wants to know is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow morning. 他想要知道的是我們到明天早上能否完成工作。 3．從屬連詞as, as if/though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 It sounds a

12、s if someone is knocking at the door. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)好像有人在敲門(mén)。 4．because, why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 That's because he didn't understand me. 那是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)有理解我。(That's because ...強(qiáng)調(diào)原因) That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他對(duì)我生氣的原因。(That's why ...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果) [點(diǎn)津]　reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句表示原因時(shí)要用that引導(dǎo)，不宜用because。 The reaso

13、n why I was sad was that he didn't understand me. 我難過(guò)的原因是他沒(méi)有理解我。 5．wh­疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副詞where, when, how, why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。 The question is how he did it. 問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。

14、 Their difficulty is where they can raise enough money. 他們的困難是他們到哪里能籌到足夠的錢(qián)。 6．主語(yǔ)是表示建議、命令、要求、計(jì)劃(suggestion, advice, order, request, proposal)等的名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) leave the village right now. 我的建議是我們立刻離開(kāi)這個(gè)村子。 5 ①(四川高考改編)Grandma pointe

15、d to the hospital and said, “That's where I was born.” ②(安徽高考改編)From space, the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空 1．The trouble is that I can't find my way. 2．We are discussing what we shall do to help the p

16、oor. 3．It depends on whether you can do the work well. 4．I wonder how you are getting on with your studies. 5．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was why he was late. 6．Energy is what makes things work. 7．We didn't set out; it was because we wanted to wait until our mother came back. 8

17、．We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我建議她應(yīng)當(dāng)看醫(yī)生。 I suggested that_she_(should)_see a doctor. 2．我想知道他是否將會(huì)去那兒。 I want to know whether_he_will_go_there. 3．請(qǐng)告訴我我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)。 Please tell me when_we_shall_have a meeting. 4．你能告訴我為什么火車(chē)遲到了嗎？ Would you tell me why_t

18、he_train_is_late? 5．我們認(rèn)為他向每一個(gè)人撒謊是錯(cuò)誤的。 We think_it_wrong that he told a lie to everyone. 6．一切都取決于我們是否努力工作。 Everything depends on whether_we_work_hard. 7．簡(jiǎn)再也不是十年前的那個(gè)樣子了。 Jane is no longer what_she_was ten years ago. 8．事實(shí)就是我們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏得了比賽。 英文戲劇寫(xiě)作 The fact is that_our_team_has_won the game. 根據(jù)以

19、下劇情介紹寫(xiě)一則英文戲劇。 三個(gè)農(nóng)夫正在田間勞作，一個(gè)小男孩正在山頂上放羊。因?yàn)橛X(jué)得厭倦了，他想出了一個(gè)好主意。他大聲喊道：“狼來(lái)了！狼來(lái)了！救命！”農(nóng)夫們匆忙趕到山上去救他，卻被告知他在開(kāi)玩笑。農(nóng)夫們都很生氣，批評(píng)小男孩撒謊不對(duì)。小男孩不以為然，嘲笑農(nóng)夫們是傻瓜。 過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，狼真的來(lái)了?！袄莵?lái)了！狼來(lái)了！救命！救命！”小男孩拼命大喊。但是，沒(méi)有一個(gè)農(nóng)夫來(lái)幫忙。沒(méi)有人再愿意相信小男孩的話。最后，小男孩的羊被狼吃了。 (Three farmers are working in the field.A boy is herding sheep at the top of the hill.

20、He feels bored, and then he has a good idea.) Boy：(shouts loudly) A wolf is coming！A wolf is coming！Help! (Three farmers arrive at the top of the hill hurriedly.) Farmer A：Where's the wolf？Let us help you to kill it! Farmers B and C：Where was it going? Boy：There's no wolf here.I was jus

21、t joking.Haha ... Farmer A：There's no wolf？You were lying? Farmers B and C：How could you tell lies？It is not good to do that. Boy：Hahaha ...What fools！Hahaha ... (After a while, a wolf really comes.) Boy：A wolf is coming！A wolf is coming！Help！Help! Farmer A：Maybe the wolf is really coming.

22、 Boy：Help！Help！Wolf ... Farmer B：Don't believe him.That boy is fooling us! Farmer C：Leave him alone! (At last, the boy's sheep are killed by the wolf.) 1．戲劇的開(kāi)頭點(diǎn)明該劇發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物。 2．該劇分為開(kāi)端、發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)折、高潮、結(jié)局，故事結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 亮點(diǎn)一：在劇本一開(kāi)始(He feels bored, and then he has a good idea.)埋下伏筆，不僅可以為劇本沖突作鋪墊，還可

23、以吸引觀眾追看劇情。 亮點(diǎn)二：文中的英語(yǔ)對(duì)話短小簡(jiǎn)練、連貫得體，符合英語(yǔ)戲劇的語(yǔ)言要求。 如何寫(xiě)好英文戲劇 戲劇是文學(xué)體裁的一種，其基本要素包括戲劇沖突和戲劇語(yǔ)言。戲劇離不開(kāi)沖突，戲劇語(yǔ)言包括人物語(yǔ)言和舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明。 戲劇是一種綜合藝術(shù)，它涉及的要素有三點(diǎn)： 1．文學(xué)要素：劇本，尤其是戲劇中的矛盾沖突和戲劇語(yǔ)言。 2．音樂(lè)要素：包括歌劇中的唱腔、曲調(diào)，還包括音樂(lè)伴奏和音響效果。 3．美術(shù)要素：包括演員的形體動(dòng)作和舞蹈設(shè)計(jì)。 寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)戲劇，應(yīng)該注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．確定劇情、故事梗概及主題。 2．確定劇中人物及其形象和性格特征(喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)、害羞、友好、慷慨、吝嗇、恐懼以及勇

24、敢等)。 3．確定故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)景。 4．構(gòu)思戲劇的矛盾沖突，事件的起因、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局等。 1．It/The story happened in/at ×××(地名) on/in ×××(日期)． 2．×××(人名) is very kind/cruel/rich/generous/mean, but ... 3．×××(人名) is very clever/stupid/fat/thin/tall/short ... 4．××

25、;×(人名) is on the way to ... 5．×××(人名) is on the point of doing sth.when ... 6．The play is adapted from ... 根據(jù)下面的寓言故事，用英語(yǔ)編寫(xiě)兩個(gè)場(chǎng)景的戲劇。 一只獅子在草地上睡覺(jué)，一只老鼠來(lái)到草地上曬太陽(yáng)。獅子醒來(lái)感覺(jué)有些餓，決定吃掉老鼠。老鼠懇請(qǐng)獅子饒他一命，并承諾日后報(bào)答他，獅子不屑一顧地放了老鼠。 一天獅子掉進(jìn)了獵人的羅網(wǎng)中，老鼠及時(shí)趕到，咬斷了繩子，救出了獅子。他們成了好朋友。 _________________________

26、_______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Scene Ⅰ One fine day in spring, a lion is napping on the grass. A mouse comes out to the grassland and enjoys the sun. The lion wakes from his nap. He decides to ea

27、t the mouse. (L—lion　M—mouse) L：What a luck! I am hungry and you are in front of me. I should eat you. M：Don't eat me! If you just let me go, I wouldn't forget this. L：(laughing)What? You will repay me? For the sake of the God, I let you go. M：Thank you very much. Scene Ⅱ After seve

28、ral days, the lion is caught in a hunter's net, and then the mouse turns up. L：(sobbing)I'll be dead. M：Don't cry. I'll help you! (The mouse cuts the net with his sharp teeth. The lion is set free.) L：(shedding tears)Thank you, mouse. I'm sorry I shouted at you. M：That is all right. (The lion and the mouse become good friends.)