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1、任務(wù)型閱讀知識(shí)清單一、 考點(diǎn)分析任務(wù)型閱讀是“閱讀理解”的另一種形式,綜合考查學(xué)生歸納概括能力和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)理解能力。其內(nèi)容涉及廣泛,要求學(xué)生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上,完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或解決一個(gè)問題。所以“任務(wù)型閱讀”是介于閱讀理解和寫作之間,其任務(wù)已不同于閱讀理解中的選擇題或書面表達(dá),而是在理解文字的基礎(chǔ)上,完成相應(yīng)的圖表或文字練習(xí),從而有效地測(cè)試學(xué)生用英語“做事”的能力。根據(jù)任務(wù)類型,常見題型有以下四種:1. 完成表格型此類任務(wù)型閱讀要求我們?cè)诶斫馕谋拘畔⒌幕A(chǔ)上,根據(jù)材料提供的直接信息或由我們推理、提煉后的間接信息完成題目要求的任務(wù)。其閱讀內(nèi)容更貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際,任務(wù)的設(shè)置變化多樣,不光有簡單信息的

2、捕捉,而且有閱讀短文,通過對(duì)短文信息的歸納,加工處理,運(yùn)用語言邏輯推理和思維能力來完成表格。2. 回答問題型此類任務(wù)型閱讀要求我們根據(jù)短文、表格、圖片或圖文結(jié)合的材料回答命題者設(shè)定的問題,所設(shè)置的任務(wù)通過事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)的查找就能完成,與普通閱讀理解的解題方法相似,只是題目設(shè)計(jì)采用了主觀題形式,沒有給出選項(xiàng),需要我們從材料中尋求信息,以一個(gè)完整的句子,或者是其適當(dāng)?shù)目s略形式作答。從問題所涉及的內(nèi)容看,考查文本表層理解多于深層理解,其設(shè)計(jì)的問題多為五W或一般疑問句的細(xì)節(jié)性問題,而涉及推理判斷、文章主旨、寫作意圖及作者態(tài)度、感受等的題目則少之又少。此類題型是學(xué)生失分較多的題型之一,要求學(xué)生有較扎實(shí)的語言

3、基礎(chǔ)和較強(qiáng)的綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。3. 句子還原型還原短文型“閱讀理解”題有兩種形式:即選擇句子還原短文和排列段落還原短文。第一種形式要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從文后所給的句子中選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥犹钊攵涛目瞻滋?。第二種形式是給出一篇200300個(gè)詞的短文,要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),將順序打亂的段落重新排序,有時(shí)首段或尾段的位置已給出。這種題型旨在考查考生對(duì)短文整體結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力,要求考生從短文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的層面上把握短文,了解其大概意思和結(jié)構(gòu),分清句子或段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后還原成短文的原貌。4. 多元綜合型此類任務(wù)型閱讀是上述各種題型的綜合,可以給出不同的任務(wù)讓學(xué)生逐一完成。一般是在問題設(shè)計(jì)上兼顧了

4、多種類型,既有根據(jù)短文設(shè)計(jì)的問答題和相應(yīng)的翻譯題、句型轉(zhuǎn)換等,又有根據(jù)內(nèi)容完成句子,完成這一題型應(yīng)非常細(xì)致,應(yīng)認(rèn)真地到原材料中收集有用的信息,并且經(jīng)過整理輸出信息。在明白題意和文意的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)閱讀后面的題目要求,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況去完成所要求的任務(wù)。二、 解題步驟1. 明確任務(wù)。由于題目要求形式多樣,在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù),因此解題前要先明確任務(wù),做到心中有數(shù)。2. 一一對(duì)應(yīng),緊扣原文。即在原文中找出問題題干所包括的信息部分,這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息,確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性。如果是根據(jù)英文釋義寫單詞的題,則一定要確保所填的單詞來源于原文,切不可脫離原文,隨意發(fā)揮。3. 注意讀寫結(jié)

5、合。任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力,更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞,則要注意拼寫正確,詞形、詞性有無變化,是否需要大寫;若所要完成的是短語或句子成分,則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待,依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式,不可簡單草率地將文中信息直接挪用。4. 認(rèn)真檢查。完成任務(wù)后要重新審視材料,檢查所做的答案是否復(fù)合要求,同時(shí)語言要精練準(zhǔn)確。提分策略1. 認(rèn)真審題,讀懂題意由于題目要求形式多樣,在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù),因此解題前要先明確任務(wù),做到心中有數(shù)。2. 快速閱讀,掌握大意在做題時(shí)要快速掃視一下文章的大意,然后結(jié)合前面的題目的要求,大致明白所要完

6、成的任務(wù)。3. 細(xì)讀題目,完成任務(wù)在明白題意和文章意思的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)閱讀后面的題目要求,在原文中找出問題題干所包括的信息部分,這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息,確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性。如果是根據(jù)英文釋義寫單詞的題,則一定要確保所填的單詞來源于原文,切不可脫離原文,隨意發(fā)揮。4. 復(fù)讀文章,核實(shí)任務(wù)在初步完成所要求的任務(wù)以后,學(xué)生必須再仔細(xì)閱讀所提供的短文,結(jié)合題意、文章和文后提供的任務(wù)信息、認(rèn)真核實(shí)任務(wù)以保證答題正確。5. 注意讀寫結(jié)合任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力,更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞,則要注意拼寫正確,詞形、詞性有無變化,是否需要大寫;若所要完成的是短語或句子成分,

7、則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待,依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式,不可簡單草率地將文中信息直接挪用?？傊?任務(wù)型閱讀理解不同于傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解,它介于閱讀理解與寫作之間,教師應(yīng)該適應(yīng)新課改的要求,掌握任務(wù)型閱讀理解的特點(diǎn),加強(qiáng)學(xué)生任務(wù)型閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)。【例1】(2014江蘇鎮(zhèn)江6165)Have you ever asked your relatives or friends if there is Wi-Fi in their houses? Have you ever searched for Wi-Fi when you are at restaurants or hotels?

8、 The answers will probably be “Yes”. Most of us want Wi-Fi everywhere as if we cant live without it. But we can only use free Wi-Fi in some public places. We still have to spend some money accessing(連接) the Internet at most time. Here comes a piece of good news.A rich,powerful organization in the US

9、A called the Media Development Investment Fund(MDIF) has decided to change the age of online computing(計(jì)算) completely by giving free Wi-Fi to every person on Earth. They will send up hundreds of satellites into low Earth orbit(軌道) in 2015.This is because they have made a survey and found that only 6

10、0% of the worlds population have been able to get information on the Internet. And this is also because many countries are unable to offer people the necessary infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) to access the web.We can expect to use free Wi-Fi everywhere in the near future.閱讀以上信息,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的表格,每空一詞。Present situat

11、ionMany of us want Wi-Fi everywhere as if we cant live without it.Accessing the Internet 1 us some money.What theorganization will doMDIF has made a decision to send up hundreds of satellites into low Earth orbit in 2015 so that for every person on Earth,there will be free Wi-Fi 2. 3Only 60% of the

12、worlds population have been able to get information on the Internet.Many countries cant 4 people with the necessary infrastructure to access the web.What we can expectFree Wi-Fi will 5 the world in the near future.【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了當(dāng)下非常流行的Wi-Fi。當(dāng)你到親戚或朋友家或在餐廳或賓館,都免不了去搜尋Wi-Fi,這些里面有的Wi-Fi是免費(fèi)的,而有的是收費(fèi)的

13、。令人高興的是美國一家有實(shí)力的組織MDIF到2015年將為全球的人們提供免費(fèi)的Wi-Fi?！敬鸢浮?1. costs根據(jù)文章第一段句子“We still have to spend some money accessing(連接) the Internet at most time.”可知搜尋網(wǎng)絡(luò)花很多錢,所以填costs。 2. available根據(jù)文章第二段句子“(MDIF) has decided to change the age of online computing(計(jì)算) completely by giving free Wi-Fi to every person on Ea

14、rth.”可知在2015年MDIF將提供免費(fèi)的Wi-Fi,所以說到2015年全球?qū)⒂忻赓M(fèi)的Wi-Fi可以使用的?？梢岳玫囊猘vailable來表示。 3. Reason(s)/Cause(s)根據(jù)文章第三段句子“This is because they have made a survey and found that only 60% of the worlds population have been able to get information on the Internet.”中的關(guān)鍵詞because可知,這些是MDIF為人們提供免費(fèi)Wi-Fi的原因。 4. provide根據(jù)文章

15、第三段句子“many countries are unable to offer people the necessary infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) to access the web”中的關(guān)鍵詞offer可知很多國家不能夠?yàn)槿藗兲峁┧褜ぞW(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。provide sb. with sth. 表示“為某人提供某物”。 5. cover/s根據(jù)文章最后一段“We can expect to use free Wi-Fi everywhere in the near future.”可知在不久的將來,免費(fèi)的Wi-Fi將覆蓋全球。cover意為“覆蓋”?！纠?】(2013山東萊蕪

16、)閱讀短文,根據(jù)要求完成下面各小題。A life coach is somebody who helps you reach all kinds of personal and professional goals(目標(biāo)). Each of us has the ability to be our own life coach. Here are some tips for you:Pay attention to your relationships with othersAsk yourself the following questions:How do you deal with di

17、sagreements? When was the last time you showed your family members that you care for them? Your relationships with friends,family members and teachers show a lot about what kind of person you are.Face the fears about the futureNow,imagine that one of your good friends told you that he or she was not

18、 strong enough to go back to school. 3We often give better advice than we are willing to take ourselves. Remember that even the most successful people were probably told that what they wanted to do was impossible,but they followed their dreams and succeed.Develop your talentsIf you want to reach you

19、r goals,you will have to spend more time developing the talents you already have,and uncovering any hidden talents that you havent discovered yet. So you can take classes in subjects that you are interested in,even if you have no experience.Be thankfulTake some time to be thankful for the things you

20、 do have. Remember positive memories. 4Think of the best day(s) you have had in the past months or years. Remember special parties,vacations and holidays. Appreciate the wonderful people you have in your life.A. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容簡要回答問題。1. Which tip do you think influences you most? 2. Why should you pay attent

21、ion to your relationships with others? B. 將短文中畫線的句子譯成漢語。3. 4. C. 請(qǐng)給短文擬一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。5. 【主旨大意】本文主要講的是我們每個(gè)人都是自己的生活導(dǎo)師和如何面對(duì)處理生活中的一些問題。【答案】1. Pay attention to your relationships with others./Face the fears about the future. /Develop your talents. /Be thankful.2. Because your/our/my relationships with others/fr

22、iends,family members and teachers show a lot about what kind of person you/we are/I am.3. 我們經(jīng)常給別人更好的建議,而自己卻不愿接受。4. 想一想在過去的歲月里你擁有的最美好的時(shí)光。5. To be your own life coach/Being your own life coach/How to be your own life coach/The tips/suggestions of being your own life coach.專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Passage 1(2014江蘇常州)Much m

23、eaning can be conveyed(傳送) with our eyes,so it is often said that eyes can speak. Do you have such kind of experience? In a bus you may look at a stranger,but not too long. And if he is sensing that he is being stared(盯) at,he may feel uncomfortable.The same is in daily life. If you are looked at fo

24、r more than necessary,you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong,you will feel angry toward others stare at you that way. Eyes do speak,right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite and even rude. But things are different when

25、it comes to stare at the opposite sex. If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn his eyes away from the woman,his purpose is obvious. That is,he wishes to attract her attention,to make her understand that he is admiring her.However,the normal eye contact for two people

26、during a conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time;in order to make sure that the listener is paying attention to what the speaker is speaking,to tell him that he is interested.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking,as if he tries to control you,

27、you will feel uncomfortable. A poor liar(說謊者) usually looks too long at the victim,because he believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.In fact,continuous eye contact only happens between two lovers,who will enjoy looking at each other gently for a long time,to show

28、 feeling that words cannot express. Obviously,eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the proper situation.Eyes can talk in our daily life. A lot of feelings can be conveyed to others with our eyes. There are a lot of facts to prove it.閱讀下面短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后的表格中填入

29、恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,每空一詞。You may feel 1 if you are stared at for more than necessary. And you wonder if there is anything wrong with you. If not,you will feel very angry.When staring at the opposite sex:Looking too long at a woman you 2 means that you want to attract her attention. And most of time,continuous eye

30、 contact is just for two lovers.When having a 3 with others:If the speaker looks at the listener at 4 during the conversation,its a normal eye contact. If the speaker is a liar,looking straight in the eye too long isnt a sign of honest communication.So remember to look at others at the 5 time. If no

31、t,it will make others uncomfortable.Passage 2(2014 湖北鄂州)Everyone has their dream. They give us courage and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. (1)Here is some advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams. Never giving up is the key to making our dreams come true. We may fail from time

32、 to time,but we can learn from failure,correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. For that reason,no matter what difficulties we meet,we wont fail unless we give up our hopes. Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. It sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainb

33、ow will appear after storms. (2)We will realize our dreams at last if we do our best. Cooperation is also necessary. (3)Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others. (4)除此之外,在我們這個(gè)社會(huì)里,大多數(shù)困難不可能被一個(gè)人單獨(dú)解決。 Each of us is like a part of a machine. If one part isnt in order,the machine can

34、t work well. Its hard for a person who is away from the society to have a deep understanding of the world. Cooperation is becoming one of the most ways for people living in the developing society. As a saying goes “One tree doesnt make a forest.” At the same time,we should learn to examine our abili

35、ties because it helps us know about our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. Then we may be confident enough to face challenges. Follow the suggestions above,and our dreams are sure to come true.1. 把(1)處的句子改成復(fù)合句。 2. 把(2)處的句子改成并列句。 3. 把(3)處的句子譯成漢語。 4. 把(4)處的句子譯成英語。

36、 5. 寫出文章的標(biāo)題。 Passage 3(2014江蘇東臺(tái))Now students English handwriting gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? If not,here are four steps that really work!Use paper that has linesUsing paper that has lines can keep you writing straight when you

37、write English words or sentences. Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure those capital letters(大寫字母) are written properly.Slow downIf your writing is hard to read,try slowing down a little. For some kids,going

38、 slower makes the handwriting clear. If you write too fast,its hard for you to stop where you should,and even worse,you may make more mistakes.Hold your pencil rightWhen you hold your pencil the correct way,writing is much easier. Some kids press(按,壓) down really hard when they write. That makes the

39、 handwriting not nice. Try to relax yourself and dont hold the pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so,people will guess you are a student with a good habit.Draw more picturesDrawing can improve your handwriting. You need to use the skills to control your pencil better w

40、hen you are drawing pictures. Even though you have no chance to draw at school,you can practice by yourself at home.Handwriting is very important. Imagine you are a world-famous movie star or a well-known sports player,what do you do when your fans run up to you? Give them your autographs(親筆簽名),of c

41、ourse!閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格中所缺信息,每空一詞。Four 1 to make your handwriting beautiful Use paper 2 lines Using paper that has lines can stop you from writing up or 3 when you write English words or sentences. Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure those capital letters are written 4. Slow do

42、wnTry slowing down a little. If you write too fast,its hard for you to stop where you should,and you may make more 5.6 your pencil right. When you hold your pencil the correct way,writing is much 7. Try to be 8 and dont hold the pencil so hard.Draw more picturesWhile 9 pictures,you need to use the s

43、kills to control your pencil better. Even though you have no chance to draw at school,you can practice 10 at home.Passage 4(2013廣東)下面是一篇關(guān)于個(gè)人愛好的文章。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀,然后根據(jù)信息卡內(nèi)容的要求填入相關(guān)信息。I have many hobbies,such as reading,skating,playing tennis and watching TV. But reading is my favorite hobby.I like reading for t

44、hree reasons. First of all,books introduce me to a new world,which is colorful and without time and space limit. Through reading,I can go back to ancient Egypt. I can also go to the United States,a great land I have been longing to visit.Secondly,reading can improve myself by showing me a new horizo

45、n(見識(shí)). In the past few years,I have got most of my knowledge from books. I have learned from many people by reading about their ideas on science,politics,life and society.Thirdly,reading can bridge the gap(差距) between my dream and my goal. In order to succeed in my career(事業(yè)) in the future,I must ke

46、ep reading,thinking and practicing. Reading has become a part of my life. During the day,I spend some time reading books,newspapers and magazines. At night,I can hardly go to sleep without a novel in my hand.Information CardWhat other hobbies does the writer have besides reading?(1) Three reasons wh

47、y the writer likes reading(2) (3) (4) What to read?(5) Passage 5(2013江蘇連云港)Operation Smile was started by a doctor and his wife,a nurse,In 1982 they (A) the Philippines,with a group of volunteers to help children who had problems with their faces. These children had holes in their lips or inside the

48、ir mouths. It was very (B)difficult for these children to eat.They helped many children in the Philippines,but they were sad,because (C)他們沒有足夠的錢 to help all the children. They decided to start a charity so that they could help them. They called Operation Smile.Now Operation Smile helps children (D)m

49、ore than twenty developing countries and has cured about ten thousand children. Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in 1999,another special activity was started,which was called “The World Journey of Hope”. During this activity,more than five thousand children with holes in their fa

50、ces and lips were cured in eighteen different countries around the world.Operation Smile also trains doctors in developing countries so that they can continue to help children even (E) the Operation Smile team has left the country. Children with serious problems are brought to the USA for treatment(

51、治療). (F)All of this costs a lot,so please give as much as possible. Many thanks from the children who can smile.1. 在(A)和(E)空白處分別填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。AE2. 分別寫出畫線部分(B)和(D)處的同義詞或近義詞。BD3. 將畫線部分(C)處翻譯成漢語。C 4. 將畫線部分(F)處改寫為同義句。All of this .5. 找出能說明本文的中心大意的主題短語: .Passage 6(2013江蘇連云港二模)Do you find enough time for laughin

52、g? Im not asking if you experience lots of good times. Of course,we should laugh during the happy times. But do you also laugh during the difficult times?Erma Bombeck is known for her funny books. But she wrote one about a more serious subject-cancer(癌癥) in children. The book is titled,I WANTED TO G

53、ROW HAIR,I WANT TO GROW UP. Erma talks with many children who have cancer and learns important lessons from them. She learns,for example,that cancer survivors(幸存者) know how they should smile at life,though they are receiving chemotherapy(化療).She tells about the experience of 15-year-old Jessica. Jes

54、sicas leg was cut off at the knee because of cancer. She was learning to wear a prosthesis(假肢). Jessica told about playing soccer. She hit the ball hard with her foot. The ball flew off in one direction(方向) while her man-made leg flew another way. Then the brave girl lay on the floor,laughing happil

55、y.As the saying goes(正如諺語所說),“Theres a time to cry and a time to laugh.” Do you find plenty of time to laugh? You canif you find reasons to laugh during the difficult times. Survivors know how to laugh. If you can laugh even when youre in trouble,you will make it. Remember,laugh and the whole world

56、laugh with you. Cry and you cry alone!任務(wù)一根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題:1. When do we usually laugh,during the happy times or during the difficult times?2. What important lessons does Erma learn from many children?任務(wù)二選擇最佳答案3. Why was Jessicas leg cut off at the knee? Because .A. she has cancerB. she wrote a book.C. she

57、 has troubleD. she flew another way4. What do survivors know to do during the different times? They .A. know why to laughB. know how to cryC. know how to laughD. know when to cry任務(wù)三把短文中的黑體字部分翻譯成漢語:5. .參考答案與解析Passage 1【主旨大意】本文主要介紹一個(gè)人的眼睛盯著某人超過十秒鐘的話,對(duì)方就會(huì)感覺不舒服,甚至?xí)X得沒有禮貌。如果盯著一個(gè)女性,他的目的是很明顯的。1. uncomfortab

58、le/worried/nervous2. admire3. talk/conversation4. times5. right/properPassage 2【主旨大意】本文主要講人人都有夢(mèng)想,只有鼓起勇氣,樹立信心,只有通過努力,克服困難,面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)。大多數(shù)困難不可能被一個(gè)人單獨(dú)解決。需要借助大家的力量才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。俗話說,獨(dú)木不成林。1. Here is some advice on how we will realize our beautiful dreams. 2. Do our best and we will realize our dreams at last. 3. 每個(gè)人都喜歡擅

59、長與別人合作的人。4. Besides, in our society, most problems cant be solved by one person alone. 5. How to Realize Our Dreams. Passage 3【短文大意】本文主要說明學(xué)生的書法越來越差使老師感到著急,并提出四點(diǎn)建議。1. steps2. with3. down4. properly5. mistakes6. Hold7. easier9. relaxed9. drawing10. alonePassage 4【主旨大意】 本文是一篇說明文,作者愛好閱讀,介紹了閱讀的好處。1. Skat

60、ing, playing tennis and watching TV.解析:通過第一段第一句可知答案。2. Books introduce him / her to a new world.解析:通過第二段“First of all, books introduce me to a new world”可知答案。3. Reading can improve himself / herself.解析:根據(jù)第三段“reading can improve myself by showing me a new horizon(見識(shí))”可知答案。4. Reading can bridge the ga

61、p between his / her dream and his / her goal.解析:通過第四段“reading can bridge the gap(差距)between my dream and my goal.”可知答案。5. Books, newspapers, magazines and novels.解析:根據(jù)第四段“I spend some time reading books, newspapers and magazines.”及“I can hardly go to sleep without a novel in my hand”可知答案。Passage 5【主旨大意】本文主要介紹手術(shù)微笑是由一位醫(yī)生和他的妻子(一位護(hù)士)開辦的一種慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。1999年,另一個(gè)名叫希望世界之旅的特殊活動(dòng)又開始了。他們這樣做的目的是幫助發(fā)展中國家治愈面部有嚴(yán)重問題的孩子。1. A. travel(led)/went/came/ E. after從A處的英語部分可以知道所填的是動(dòng)詞。E處之后是句子,所填的是連詞。2. B. hard / D. overB處difficult