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1、2020學年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing 動詞­ing形式作狀語 一、動詞­ing形式作狀語的用法 動詞­ing作狀語時，可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、方式或伴隨動作。通?？赊D化成與之相對應的狀語從句。 1．作時間狀語 Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ＝When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 在公園里散步時，她看到了她的一位老朋友。 Ha

2、ving finished the work, he went to see his teacher. ＝After he had finished the work, he went to see his teacher. 完成這項工作后，他去看望他的老師。 1 ①(福建高考改編) Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. ②(陜西高考改編) Standing (stand) in a

3、 long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad. 2．作原因狀語 Being too young, he couldn't join the army. ＝ As he was too young, he couldn't join the army. 因為年幼，他不能參軍。 Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way. ＝As I did not know how to get there, I had to ask the w

4、ay. 因為不知道如何到那里，我只得問路。 2 ①(江西高考改編) Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. ②(北京高考改編) Finding (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. 3．作條件狀語 Working hard, you'll make great progress. ＝ If you work hard, you'

5、ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你將取得重大進步。 4．作結果狀語 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. ＝ His parents died and left him an orphan. 他的父母死了，他成了一個孤兒。 The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. ＝The snow lasted a week, and resulted in a serious traffic

6、confusion in the whole area. 大雪持續(xù)了一周，結果造成了整個地區(qū)嚴重的交通混亂。 [點津]　動詞­ing形式與不定式均可作結果狀語，區(qū)別是：動詞­ing形式表示順其自然、意料之中的結果，而不定式則表示不愿看到的、出人意料的結果。 3 ①(天津高考改編) He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving (leave) the breakfast untouched. ②(四川高考改編) Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to_find (find)

7、 his plane high up in the sky. 5．作方式狀語或伴隨狀語 He came running back to tell me the news. 他跑回來告訴我這個消息。 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. ＝ I stood by the door, and didn't dare to say a word. 我站在門旁，一句話也不敢說。 4 ①(湖南高考改編)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the midd

8、le of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky. ②(重慶高考改編)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. 二、動詞­ing形式的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 及物動詞(do) 不及物動詞(go) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done hav

9、ing gone 1．動詞­ing形式的時態(tài) 如果動詞­ing形式表示的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生，用其一般式(doing)；如果先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生，用其完成式(having done)。 Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. 由于看見家里沒人，他決定給他們留一張便條。 Having worked for three hours [＝After he (had) worked for three hours], he took a rest. 工作了三個小時之后，他休息了一下

10、。(having worked 作狀語，表示時間，work 動作發(fā)生在 take a rest 動作之前) 5 (江蘇高考改編)Lionel Messi having_set (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. 2．動詞­ing形式的語態(tài) 使用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式還是被動式，主要取決于現(xiàn)在分詞和句子主語之間的關系。句子的主語就是分詞的邏輯主語。 Having been shown aro

11、und the factory, they were very happy.(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式) 被領著參觀了工廠后，他們很高興。 Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(現(xiàn)在分詞的主動式) 完成作業(yè)后，他上床睡覺了。 三、動詞­ing 形式的否定式：not ＋v.­ing; not having ＋ v．­ed; not having been＋v.­ed Not knowing this, he didn't come. 他不知道這件事，所以沒來。 Not having mad

12、e full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因為沒有做好充分的準備，我們把運動會延期了。 6 (四川高考改編) Not knowing (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. 四、動詞­ing形式作狀語需注意的問題 1．邏輯主語 動詞­ing作狀語，其邏輯主語通常是句子的主語，它們之間是一種邏輯上的主動關系。 Hearing the bad news, she didn't know

13、what to do.(hearing的邏輯主語是句子的主語she) 聽到這個壞消息，她不知道如何是好。 2．獨立主格 動詞­ing作狀語，有時它也可以有自己獨立的主語，這種結構稱為獨立主格結構，通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況，也可以表示時間、原因或條件。 The rain having stopped, we went on marching. 雨過之后，我們繼續(xù)前進。 7 (江蘇高考改編)The lecture having_been_given (give), a lively question­and­answer session follow

14、ed. 3．懸垂分詞 有些現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，在句中沒有邏輯上的主語而獨立存在，用來修飾主句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等，被稱為評論性狀語或懸垂分詞。常見的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking, judging from, considering, supposing, providing等。 Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般說來，女孩子比男孩子更喜歡文學。 Judging from his accent, he must be from t

15、he south. 從他的口音判斷，他一定來自南方。 Ⅰ.用所給動詞的適當形式填空 1．Knowing (know) English well, he translated the article without much difficulty. 2．The children rushed out of the classroom, laughing (laugh) and talking merrily. 3．Having_lived (live) in China for many years, he can speak Chinese fluently. 4．Not kn

16、owing (know) his address, I had to search for the information on the computer. 5．He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room. 6．Standing (stand) on the top of the mountain, I could see the whole city. 7．Caught/Having_been_caught (catch) in the rain, he was wet all over.

17、 8．Tasting (taste) delicious, this kind of pears was soon sold out. Ⅱ.句型轉換(每空一詞) 1．When she turned around, she saw a car driving up. →Turning around,_she saw a car driving up. 2．John watched curiously, and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy. →John watched curiously, thinking that the

18、 woman seemed a little crazy. 3．As he was ill, he couldn't attend the meeting. →Being ill,_he couldn't attend the meeting. 4．Because she had been bitten by a snake, she was frightened of it. →Having been bitten by a snake,_she was frightened of it. 5．As John was away, Tom had to do the

19、work. →John being away,_Tom had to do the work. 6．As it is Sunday, we needn't go to school. →It being Sunday,_we needn't go to school. 7．Because he didn't know what to do, he came to her for help. →Not knowing what to do,_he came to her for help. 8．As she hadn't received his re

20、ply, she rang him up again. →Not having received his reply,_she rang him up again. 　關注信 假設你是李華，你所在城市的交通擁擠問題日趨嚴重，交通事故時有發(fā)生，特別是在上下班高峰時段。請根據(jù)以下提示，用英語給市政府寫一封信，反映交通狀況并提出自己的建議。 提示：1.反映交通狀況；2.提出改善建議；3.希望和祝福。 Dear Sir/Madam， I'm writing to reflect the traffic situation of our city. ①As everyo

21、ne knows, the traffic problem in our city is becoming more and more serious, especially during the rush hours. Many cars are running on the roads every day, some of which are in bad condition and it is difficult for the drivers to go across. ②It's high time that the city government took some eff

22、ective measures to solve the problem. Firstly, many roads need to be widened and repaired. Secondly, ③we need to build overpasses, so as to cut down traffic jams. Thirdly, ④the number of private cars must be strictly controlled. ⑤As long as we take the above measures, I'm sure the traffic prob

23、lem will be solved and the traffic accidents will be controlled. And ⑥I do hope our government will accept my suggestions. Yours， Li Hua 本文結構嚴謹，層次分明。本文由三部分構成，先提出關注的問題，然后提出解決方案，最后總結并表達希望和祝福。 亮點一：文中運用了一些高級短語和句型，如①As everyone knows ... ②It's high time that ... ⑤As long as ... ⑥I do hope ...

24、等。 亮點二：句式靈活多變，錯落有致。作者在提建議的過程中，交替使用主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)，如③we need to build overpasses和④the number of private cars must be strictly controlled，使得行文豐富多彩。 如何寫關注信 一、文體介紹 關注問題類的書信(letter of concern)屬于應用文的范疇。關注信是作者就某一個問題或一些現(xiàn)象表達自己的關心，并提出自己的一些看法和解決辦法。 二、寫作指導 一封好的關注信分為三個部分：開頭、主體和結尾。 1．開頭一般開門見山，直接表明自己的觀點； 2．主體則

25、是主題的展開和深化，要把論點按照邏輯順序列出，連同證據(jù)、原因或例子； 3．結尾則是開頭的呼應，總結論點，并重申觀點。 1．I have the pleasure/honour to inform/tell you that ... 2．I'm writing this letter to tell you about ... 3．I have heard /found that ... 4．I am/feel sorry to see/hear ... 5．I hope you can think about what I have concerned ... 6．I

26、 think we should pay attention to ... 7．If we are concerned about it, ... will become better. 假設你是某中學學生王梅。最近，你發(fā)現(xiàn)青島的海邊隨便扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很嚴重，請你給市領導寫封信，勸說政府制定新的法律，并采取強有力的措施來實施它，以確保海邊的清潔。 注意： 1．詞數(shù)：100左右； 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫。 ________________________________________________________________________ ___________

27、_____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 參考范文： Dear Gov

28、ernor， I suggest that we should have a law that tells us not to leave rubbish on beaches. Here are some reasons why we should have this law. A lot of people leave rubbish on beaches and eventually it will get picked up by the tide.When this happens, a lot of animals will die. Some become or are cl

29、ose to becoming extinct.Every day and night tons of sea animals die because of rubbish! Another really big reason to outlaw rubbish on beaches is the fact that Qingdao has the most beautiful beaches in the world. People come from all over the world to visit our coastline. How sad it would be if the

30、y left thinking we didn't care about our own beaches and allowed people to throw rubbish anywhere! Please consider the idea of making a law to stop people from polluting our beaches or please consider enforcing this law if there is one. I know that you will make the best choice you can! Yours sincerely， Wang Mei