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1、國家開放大學(xué)電大?？朴⒄Z閱讀(3) 2020-2021期末試題及答案(試卷號：2157)Part Questions 1一10 are based on Passage L (30 points, 3 points each)Passage 1Searching for Utopia1 While most of the world seems to be motivated by more money better televisions, more powerful cars, the highest-tech computers bigger houses# there are some

2、 independent souls who arc tired of the rat-race that is. the stressful pressures of working hard to get ahead. Since around 1990. there has been a slow but steady nc in intcmional communiuesw in the U. S. An intentional community is a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common p

3、urpose Although quite diverse in philosophy and lifestyle each of these groups places a high priority on a sense of community, in other wordst the feeling of belonging and mutual support. There were 300 intentional communities listed in the 1990 edition of the Intentional Communities Directory! by 1

4、995. this had grown to 6001 and it is estimated that there are now several thousand, listed and unlisted in operation. These communities vary in size, but in the 600 Hated communities in 1995, total population including children, was estimated at 24 000.2 At first glance the intentional community mo

5、vement appears quite diverse. It is multi-gcneratioxul u e. with ages ranging from children to seniors. They may choose to live together on a piece of rural land* in a suburban centre or in an urban neighbourhood. In some communities, individuals own their own land and housei in others these things

6、are shared. There is a wide variety af choices regarding standard o( living some embrace voluntary simplicity while others have full access to the products and services of todays society. Even the purposes vary widely. For example* communities have been formed to create great family neighbourhoodsT

7、to live ecologically sustainable lifestyles or Mmply to live with others who harr their values. Some arc secular while others are committed to a common religious belief.3 What unites the intentionftl community movement is its members* proud rejection of mainsiream consumer values Nearly all communit

8、ies encourage sharing items membersdon ! need to own pnvntely for cxamplct washing m*chinet trucks. BwirnnnnK pool. Many communitieR *rrvr a* model environmentAl or teaching centers lor suntAinable agriculture For exjtmplct wThc F shingled with crdn MUnclr MnrtinH decided to leave New York in 1989 a

9、nd move Him fnmily to thr Vnhon ( oHouhinH， Hr and hin hmily live on little money dot/1 own n computer and (orbid anythinK with the Diuncy label on it. Rather than playing Mysi on the cnmputrre the family uprndn their evcniHK playing old lanhioned curd Riirncsu or rrnchnK， RcsidcntB live in cpnratc

10、dwelliriR!i but homcn are connected by dirt rondji. there nrr )3 acres f rornmunwl Und. nil rcidcntu Attend bimonthly meetings and every month there is a work pnrty in which everybody pitchm in with outdoor chorR.5 Thrte communiticti dre the newcat exprenion of the 300 year-old Anicncnn desire to bu

11、ild n non hierarchical ar equal community with vuIuck unrorniptrd by thr Inrgcr %ocirtyt It wam thin denirr to form n new. idrl community which brounHi the Pilgrim* to the U. S. in the early 17th century 300 you，Inter it i still tmpoiisiblc to find n community ihnt Has achieved perfection. I hr proh

12、lerns w intentional communities have a much lower crime rte than their tnninwtrcam neighbours nnd claim a more caring and MtinfyinK liimtylr. They nre committed to idcah of ecology hy 1995. thia had grown to 600. nnd it is eslimated that there re now ncvcral thouNinde ee (punucriiph 1)1. in others t

13、heftr things nre shnrcd and pollution control plague the majority of the worldFs cities. Each one, it seemst is struggling to avoid urban disaster. But Cuntiba Brazil9 a city of L 6 million people* is dealing with these problems. This little-known city in southeast Brazil is being rccognued as the p

14、lace that has solutions to many of the worlds growing urban problems.2 (12) Through this programt more than 70% of its irash is recycled compared with the 25% in Los Ange!es he nnd his two older broihcrsi exchnngr trash for fresh (ruit or 2 pounds of protein-rich beans. The proxram helps the poorf I

15、n 1998. the city exchnnKcd nearly 2 million pounds of food. 348.000 Eaater wgs and 26OOO ( hrifitman cuks for recyclable trash. Hundred* of quilts for the needy were ntuffed with crunhed niyrofuavn Christiano was one of 25.000 poor children who received these nuppliea, (13t3 (H) Old worn out equipme

16、nt w5 frequently being replaced with nrw technology and equipment. Like every other city# old. yet unable materials were being dumped around the city of Curitiba Thin gave engineers And wrchitectn an opportunity to work together to ue the materiah crcotivcly. Old wooden telephone poles arc now reuse

17、d in office buildings. hridgcJi find public nquurca. Retired buses hnvr become mobile clasnroornH (or Adult eduouion. MVirtually everything has marc thun one une.w Mid Mayor Rnfnel Green. whernv airy office overlooking n park in nude of old poles and gtais* juKt a matter of figuring out how to reuae

18、 things und then tcachinR people how to do it.4 (15) The htca! ttdditian* arc the LiHhthouncA of Learning biucd on the reaf liKhthoufie ond hbrnry in AiexAndria. Egypt, one of the ancient worlds cvcn wonders. The first lighthouse was built an an exprnment in 1995 to determine exactly who would uac i

19、t. and the effect it would have on the Aurroundirix neighborhood. Within six months of beinw opened. it wan clear thnt it ws popular Soon M(tcrf a lighthounr was built in each of thr city19 ncighborh(x)d Curitiba planners have merged them all together so that people can use their time effectively at

20、 8 minimum cost. The Citixcn Streetshwve 600 scat open thentern. sports nrcASt nnd clnsnrooms that offer profeji Mid she enrolled breaunr w lhe pricr isWith my income# thin is the only route toHclvnnccmcnt.7 (19) Short courneii on how to make better use of the environment arc tailored (arhomemnker!%

21、t contmctorM and merchants, faxi drivers hnvc to take a courne to gel an opcrutar *5 lirrnur By the end c( 1993 34 environmentally (riendly doyen re centers were up nd runnings Children Ret n ehnnee to interact nnd lenrn About their environment. The activitic! include miikinx inoks offncing extincti

22、on from mngaxine They arcthen old in a string of xouvrnir hnpst with profits helping lo puy fur the foctlitle In small Harden* out buck, the kid* grow vcgctnblca for their unackx. MWrf re trying to crente n whole new net of Attifudru and a ncn!e of invulvemcnt in thit City. Grcoi naid. (20)Skim 2 un

23、d then choose from the fallowing list an upprupriate sentence to fill In each of (he blanks In Ihr piuMgc.A. Environmental efforrji wrre only m arnftll pnrt of the plan (or CuritibaB. “To the people ol Curitilm* thia city is the bent human invention there M.”( Cuntinunl migration and lack of city pl

24、anning hm created an unfriendly environment for many cities in rhe world today.IX Household gnrbagr was not thr only reason to brKin a recycle pmgmm.E hli cheaper to build libranct than prisonssaid GrccA.F. The brightly coloured l)ghthouc!i have 5 000-volume librAries on the first floor rcAdiriK roo

25、m* on thr second Hnd n guard in n light tower that trAnnmitM strong benm to provide community necurKy.Like rnoi other overcrowded nnd poor cities in the world Cuntiba had a serious problem until it introduced it wgArlmgr th砒 it notprogrAm.H. In 1991. Cuntibe built the Free University for the Environ

26、ment from old telephone poles.L Curitiba is now known as the worlds recycling capitoLi. Cuntiba in also taking governmeni to the people.Part QIRead Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements arc c or false. Write T for true and F for False on your answer &heeL (20 pointst 2 points each)Pa

27、ssage 3The English Character1 The English, rs b race, have the reputation of being very different form all other notionalities. including their closest neighbors* the French Belgians and Dutch. It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it. Whatever

28、the reasons it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which distinguish him from other nationalities2 Broadly speaking the Englishman is a quiet reserved person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well. When he encounters strangers or foreigners

29、he often seems uneasy even embarrassed You have only to witness a commuter train nny morning or evening to sec the truth of thi& Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dosing in a corneri no one speaks. In fact* to do so would seem most unusuaL An English wit. pretendi

30、ng to be giving advice to overseas visitors, once suggested makes the person immediately the object of suspicion3 It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsession with their weather and that given half a chance, they will talk about it at length. Some people argue that it is because Englis

31、h weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest to everyone This may be so. Certainly Englishmen cannot have much faith in the meteorologicAl experts lhe weathermen who. after promising glorious sunny weather for the following day. arc often proved wrong when an anti-cyclone over the Atl

32、antic brings rainy weather to all districts! The num in the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate - as the weathermen in his prediction. This helps to explain the seemingly odd sight of an Englishman leaving home on a bright t sunny summer morning with a raincoat slung over his arm and an

33、umbrella in his hand. So variable i% thr weather that by lunchtime there could be thunder and lightnings4 The overseas visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references to weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conventional greeti

34、ngs are replaced by comments on the weather. “Nice day. isnt it? wBeautifulmay well be heard instead of Good morning is known as understatement Questions 2130 urc baed on Passage 321. It is living on an island separated from the rest of Europe thai makes the Englishman very different from all other

35、nationalities.22. Travelling in commuter trains the English people like to read newspapers to rc!ax23. According to an unwritten rule of behaviour people do not shake hands with each other in railway compartments24. In England if a person doesnt tolk about the weather he immediately hccomeji the obj

36、ect of 5unpicion25. Englishmen do not have faith in weather (orccashng because the weather in England often changes by houn26. In England the weniher 叩。如曲、prediction is often as inaccurate as the layman9b927. The overseas visitors may be excused if they don * t like to talk about the weaiher.28. Il

37、is surprising fo overseAs visitors (ha! the English mny talk to each other about wexther many times in a Mnle day.29. In England if you feel embarrassed when encountering strangers the best thinK to doto mention the slate of the wcflther30. The understatement in the English Innguage shows that the E

38、nglish lack deep feehngji.Part |VRead Passaic 4 and answer the following quetionx. Make your answers as short and clear as possible. (20 points t 4 points ench)Piuugc 4Christmas1 December 25 is cclebrntrd as the birthday of Christ. No one is certain why this day wa chosen. It wax probably because ac

39、cording to the ralcndur then in U5ef December 25 wa the time of the year when winter dcys begin to grow longer in the Northern Hemisphere. The sun-worshippers had celebrated this day a% the promise of spring.2 Over the years a number of special cuntoma Associated with Christmas have grown up* Many(

40、thene have been introduced from Europe9 while others hvc their origin in America.3 ChriMmnji music in loved by all who henr nnd ing it every year. Christmas songs*bellse nnd merry rnuic have been a part of Christmas for centuries The Christmas tree is the symbol of the spirit of Christmns in many ho

41、mes. Trees were not used in English homes until a German prince married Queen Victoria. The prince had the firt decorated Christmas tree art up nt Windnor CftMtlr in 184L The Breit ChrijUtnm trees in the New World were imroduccd by Hessianin 1776 . during the Revolutionary Wnr. luiier GermanirnmiKra

42、ntB brought the tradition into wider use in the United States4 The custom o( dccoraring a community free (or outdoor dinplay bcuftn in the early 1900、and i a favourite custom all over America today. Since I933 Rockclcllcr Plflza. in New York City, has put up a giant trcct licnutifuliy decorated with

43、 lights. The trccii are nbout 3() mctrcM tnll.5 Swmc hnnlies open their present on Chrialman Evei others wait (or I he nextmarntng Some lk)ysf and girls1 presents arc placed in ntockingn and hung nt rhe loot of their bcdsi Othem find their giftn under the Christnim tree.6 Greeting cards began in Eng

44、lands One of the first artists to design and send a Christ mas card in 1843 wan John C Horsley. The cards were printed in black and white and colored by hand. About I another English artist. William Egley, designed a card and had it printed He sent it to his Fncnd with the now familiar mreisagc M A

45、Merry Chnstmax and m Happy New Year. H7 A Germ/in immigrant t Louis Prang designed and sold colored Christmas cards in 1874 Where can boy and girh usually find their ChriRtmas presents?35. Who was the first artist to design and send a Christmas card?試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（僅供參考）Part I (30 points. 3 point* each)1.

46、 the Mrexicful pressurcfi of working hard to gel Ahead.2. a group of people who have chosen to live together with a common purpoiws3. the feeling of belonging nnd mutunl support.4. with agen ranging from children to seniors5. a large cooperative community in rural rennessee.6. intentional communitie

47、s.7. Iund and house8. Vashon Co-1 lousing Community、.9. Uncle Martin.10. intentional communities#Port II (30 points, 3 points each)il. C12. G16. F18- J19. H20. HPart II (20 point*! 2 points *h)21. F 22. T24. F25. F26. F27. F28. T29. T30. FPart |V (20 pointsf 4 points coch)31. From Europe and America.32. From the time when a German prince married Queen Victoria.33.1933.34. In stockings hung at the foot of their beds or under the Christmas tree.35 John & Horsley.