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1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則：語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us

2、all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)

3、動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (a

4、n)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and ch

5、ildren, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，

6、其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is w

7、orking hard.6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lo

8、ts of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)

9、用單數(shù)。8、在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? /

10、 All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式， 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：

11、One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. /

12、I think physics isnt easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類(lèi)人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（三）就近一致原則：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either or, neither nor, wheth

13、er or , not only but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。練習(xí)：主

14、謂一致1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. st

15、udies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of t

16、he population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for

17、having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young m

18、an D. were two Chinese14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large number of students in our class_ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont

19、 change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical works_ built there.A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.

20、A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were22.He is the only one of the students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is23.This is is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has

21、C. have been D.has been24.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are25.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are26. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are se

22、arching for D. were searching27.Your trousers_ dirty.You must have_ washed.A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them28.This pair of trouseis _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were29. One and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have30. Eight times eight _ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.ge

23、t D.equal31 .Ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes32._of the money_ run out.A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has beenC. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have33. The whole class _ the teacher attentively.A. are listening to B. is listening toC

24、.are listening D. is listening34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which_ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were35. Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are36. Large quantities of water _ for irrigation.A. is needed B. has -needed C

25、. are needed D. need37. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is B.was C.are D.all38.What we need_ good textbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has39. What you said just now_ the matter we are discussing.A.have something to at B. has something to do withC.had something to do with D.ha

26、s been something to do with40. More than one member _ against the plan.A. is B.are C.has D.have41. When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A. has not decided B. is not decidedC. are not decided D. have not decided42. Half of the fruit _ bad.A. are B. has C. is D. have43. _ either of your paren

27、ts come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is44. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be45. My family _ small.A. is B. wereC. areD. makes46. The following _ some other examples.A. areB. isC. wasD. were47. They both have some friends; but his _ more activ

28、e.A. isB. will beC. wasD. are48. Both rice and wheat _ grown in that country. A. isB. areC. wasD. has49. Early to bed and early to rise _ a good habit.A. areB. isC. wereD. was50. To play basketball and to go swimming _ useful for character-training.A. wasB. isC. areD. were51. Either he or I _ to att

29、end the mass meeting this evening.A. isB. amC. areD. be52. _ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.A. isB. amC. areD. be53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _ to be built here.A. areB. wereC. isD. will54. She as well as her brother _ a League member.A. areB. w

30、ereC. willD. is55. His family _ a big one. Now the family _ watching TV.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are56. It is I who _ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.A. isB. amC. areD. be57. More than 60% of the students _ the countryside.A. is B. areC. is fromD. are from58. Many a man _ the novel.A. has readB. have readC. is readD. are read59. Tom is the only one of the students who _ going to swim this afternoon.A. isB. wasC. areD. were60. Here _ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.A. areB. isC. wasD. were14