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1、2020學(xué)年人教版英語精品資料 Section_ⅢLearning_about_Language Ⅰ.高頻單詞點擊 1．brief (adj.)簡短的；短暫的→briefly (adv.)簡潔地；短暫地 2．discrimination (n.)歧視→discriminate (v.)歧視 3．commit (vt.)犯罪；做(不合法的或錯的事) Ⅱ.重點短語必記 1．play a very important role in_(doing) sth. 　　　　　　　　　 在(做)……中起重要作用 2．reach an agreement 達(dá)成協(xié)議 3．succee

2、d in (doing) sth. 成功做了某事 4．be set in 以……為背景 5．deal with 論述；處理 6．speak up 大聲說出來 Ⅲ.常用句型必備 1．Here you can take my copy now_that I’ve finished with it. 2．He had none today, nor_would_he have any the next day. Ⅳ.單元語法聚焦 The Tenses(時態(tài)) 　brief (1)adj.簡短的；短暫的；簡單的 There is a brief meeting

3、 tomorrow. 明天有個短會。 to be brief　　　　　　　　 簡而言之 To be brief, we can’t accept such terms. 簡單地說，我們不能接受這樣的條件。 (2)n.任務(wù)；摘要 in brief　　　　　　 簡單地說；簡明扼要的 In brief, he was careless. 簡單地說，他粗心大意。 briefly adv.　 　短暫地；簡短地 簡而言之 To put it briefly, the meeting was a disaster. 簡而言之，那次會議就是一次災(zāi)難。 in brief, in s

4、hort (1)in brief著重于重點突出，不拖泥帶水。 (2)in short多用來在較長敘述之后長話短說，帶有“綜上所述”的意思。 [即境活用1]　 用brief的短語填空 (1)There is not much time left, so I’ll tell you about it in_brief. (2)To_put_it_briefly/Briefly_speaking/To_be_brief,_let me tell you what happened. 1．succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事 He succeeded in gett

5、ing a place at art school. 他被藝術(shù)學(xué)校錄取了。 Rio succeeded in hosting the 2016 Summer Olympics. 里約成功舉辦了2016年夏季奧運會。 succeed successful adj.　　　 　 　 成功的；有成就的 be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事 success n． [U]成功；[C]成功的人或事 Who will succeed to the estate? 誰將繼承那筆遺產(chǎn)？ Who succeeded Kennedy as President?

6、 接替肯尼迪任總統(tǒng)的是誰？ [即境活用2]　 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 They managed to save the drowning child. ＝They_succeeded_in_saving_the_drowning_child. ＝They were successful in saving the drowning child. 2．be set in以……為背景 The story was set in Shanghai in the 1930s. 這個故事以二十世紀(jì)三十年代的上海為背景。 The film records the life of farmers set i

7、n the First World War. 這部電影記錄了以一戰(zhàn)為背景的農(nóng)民的生活。 set about 開始(某工作)；著手做某事(doing sth.) set off　　　 開始；啟程(for)；爆炸；燃放 set out 出發(fā)上路；開始做(to do sth.) set up 設(shè)置；建立 set aside 把……放在一邊；擱置；留出 They have set off for Shanghai. 他們已出發(fā)到上海去了。 I set aside my overcoat and took out my summer clothes. 我把大衣放起來，取出

8、了夏天的衣服。 [即境活用3]　　介、副詞填空) (1)The family have set aside some money for the journey. (2)The doctors set about saving the injured the moment they arrived. (3)Don’t set off the fireworks in the city. (4)They set out/off for Tianjin the next day. (5)A new government was set up after the civil war.

9、 1．Here you can take my copy now_that I’ve finished with it. 既然我已讀完，你可以拿我這本。 now that由于；既然，表示原因，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，口語中that可以省去。 Now that you have grown up, you must stop this childish behavior. 既然你已長大，就不要再有這種孩子氣的行為。 Now that you are an adult, you should think about your future carefully. 既然你已是個成年人了，你應(yīng)該

10、仔細(xì)地考慮一下你的將來。 [即境活用4]　　完成句子 Now_that_he_is_so_rude_to_us (既然他這么粗魯?shù)貙ξ覀?, I think we have to punish him. 2．He had none today, nor_would_he have any the next day. 他今天沒有午餐，接下來的任何一天也不會有。 nor would he ...是nor引起的表示部分倒裝的句子。 否定副詞或含有否定詞的介詞短語置于句首時，主句須用部分倒裝。如：seldom, never, little, hardly, not, nowhere, no

11、 sooner, in no way, by no means等。 Never have I seen such a good film. 我從未看過這么好的電影。 By no means should he be left alone. 他絕不該被單獨留下。 We didn’t know the news; nor did we care about it. 我們不知道這一消息，我們也不在乎它。 [即境活用5]　　把下列句子改成倒裝句 (1)You can find such a beautiful place nowhere else. Nowhere_else_can_

12、you_find such a beautiful place. (2)He knew little of the matter. Little_did_he_know of the matter. (3)I could hardly say anything at that moment. Hardly_could_I say anything at that moment. 時　態(tài) 一、英語中動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種?，F(xiàn)以動詞write為例將英語的16種時態(tài)列表如下： 時態(tài) 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 完成進(jìn)行 現(xiàn)在 write/writes am/is/are writi

13、ng has/have written has/have been writing 過去 wrote was/were writing had written had been writing 將來 shall/will write shall/will be writing shall/will have written shall/will have been writing 過去將來 should/would write should/would be writing should/would have written should/would ha

14、ve been writing 二、時態(tài)的考查是高考的熱點，高考主要考查8種時態(tài)的形式和用法，詳見下表： 時態(tài) 表示 例句 注意 一般現(xiàn)在時 現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作 I read English every morning. ▲時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時代替一般將來時。如：I won’t go swimming if it rains. ▲here, there，now, then等開頭的倒裝句要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。如：Look! Here comes the bus. 客觀真理、普遍公理、科學(xué)事實 The sun rises i

15、n the east.　　　 現(xiàn)有的興趣、愛好或能力，或者現(xiàn)存的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài) He likes playing football.　　　 The situation is encouraging.　 介紹故事梗概、劇情，用于新聞標(biāo)題 Yang meets journalists. 按時刻表將要發(fā)生的動作(只限于少數(shù)動詞，如：come，go, leave, arrive，begin, start, take off, return, stop, open, close等) The train leaves at 4：30 pm. The meeting starts thi

16、s afternoon. 一般過去時 過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)　　　　　 He often cried when he was a boy.　　　 ▲時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般過去時代替過去將來時。 如：He said that if I went there，he would go too. ▲表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，也可用“used to　 do ...”和“would do ...”。如：The old man used_to_climb the hill behind his house. 過去某時的動作或狀態(tài)　　　 I went to the

17、bank just now. 用于I didn’t know ...或I forgot ...，表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情　　 I didn’t_know you were here.　 Sorry, I forgot to bring my book. 一般將來時 現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)　　　 Tom will_come next week. 　 He will_be_here tomorrow. 　 ▲幾種常見將來時表達(dá)的區(qū)別：1．be going to表示打算最近或?qū)硪瞿呈?，或有某種征兆要發(fā)生某事，不用于有if條件句的主句中。　

18、　 I will_go fishing if it is fine. It is_going to_rain.　 2．be to do sth.表按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作，還表示吩咐、命令、禁止、注定等。No one is_to leave without the permission of the police. 3．be about to do不與具體的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。 The competition is_about_to_start. 4．will/shall表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時做出的決定。 事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢　　 Oil will_floa

19、t in water.　　 Fish will_die without water. 對將來某個動作 的安排、計劃　 He is_going_to_ speak on TV this evening. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 此時此刻正在發(fā)生的動作　　　 I’m studying English now. ▲不宜用進(jìn)行時的動詞：感 覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear 心態(tài)類：wish, hope, expect, want, nee

20、d, believe, think, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 所有類：have, contain, own, hold (容納), belong to 現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作　　　　 We are_building our socialism. 與always, forever，constantly，continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩，但并非強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行　　　　 He is_always helping others. She is_always forgetting something. 按計劃

21、、安排近期發(fā)生的動作(只限于come，go, leave, arrive，start, move, sail，fly, travel, stay等) A foreigner is coming to visit our school. I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 過去進(jìn)行時 過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作　　　　　 He was_watching TV this time yesterday.　It was_raining the whole morning. ▲過去進(jìn)行時可用來描繪故 事發(fā)生的背景：The wind was bl

22、owing and it was_raining hard. 與always, forever，constantly，continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡 等感情色彩　　 Comrade Lei Feng was_always thinking_of others never thinking of himself. 過去計劃、安排好的將來動作(只限于come, go，leave, arrive，start, move, sail，fly, travel, stay等)　　　　　 He said he was_leaving the next day. I was told

23、the train was starting soon. 過去將來時 過去某一時刻后將要發(fā)生的過去動作或過去的意圖、打算(主要用于賓語從句中) She was sure she would_succeed. I thought you would_come. ▲把一般將來時中的助動詞變成過去式，便成了過去將來時的表達(dá)形式 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)已完成或剛剛完成且對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作 I have_finished my homework. ▲沒有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截止“現(xiàn)在”為止的時間狀語不能與現(xiàn)在完成時連用 ▲短暫性動詞的肯定式不能與時間段連用　　　 ▲“in the

24、 past/last＋時間段” 要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用　　　　　 ▲have gone to表示人在所指 地方的路上或已在所指地方；have been to表示人曾到過所指的地方，但現(xiàn)在不在所指的地方了 發(fā)生在過去的動作，但已成為現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗 We’ve all played with snow and ice. 始于過去持續(xù)至今，也許延于將來的動作或狀態(tài) He’s_lived here since 2000. I’ve_taught English for 15 years. 將來某時先要做完的動作(只限于時間和條件狀語從句) Don’t get off the

25、bus until it has_stopped.　 到目前為止的一段時間，多少次或第幾次做某事 He’s_been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I’ve_seen the film. 過去完成時 過去某時間前已發(fā)生的動作或情況 Marx had_learned some English before he came to London. ▲過去完成時必須以過去某一時刻為基點，即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去 某時或某動作相比較時才用到它 ▲before, after本身“前”“后”明顯，

26、因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時?；蛲恢髡Z連續(xù)幾個動作時，只用一般過去時即可。如：He (had)_left before I arrived. 過去某動作前已發(fā)生的另一動作 The train had_left when I got to the station. 始于過去持續(xù)至過去另一時間，也許延續(xù)下來的動作 He said he had_been in the Party for 10 years. 過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose 等動詞) I had_p

27、lanned to see you yesterday, but the rain prevented me. 三、與動詞時態(tài)連用的固定句式 1．This/It is the first/second ...time＋that從句。that從句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，如果把前邊的is改為was，則that從句用過去完成時。 This is the first time I have come here. 這是我第一次來這兒。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake. 這是他第三次犯同樣的錯誤。 2．It is

28、/has been＋一段時間＋since從句。since從句中一般用過去時，如果將前邊的is改為was，則since從句中用過去完成時。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我們有十年沒有像這樣玩得高興了。 3．be about to do ... when ...意為“即將……(這時)突然……”。 I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我剛要出去這時電話鈴響了。 4．be (was/were)＋doing ... when ...意為“正在做……(

29、這時)突然……”。 They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. 他們正在閱讀這時湯姆疼得大叫起來。 5．Hardly had ... done ... when ...; No sooner had ... done ... than ... when和than從句里用一般過去時，表示“剛剛……就……”。 Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. 我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下了。 6．It＋be＋一段時間＋before從句 這個句式分兩種情況：如果

30、主句用將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時，意為多長時間以后即將發(fā)生某事；如果主句用過去時，從句也用過去時，意為多長時間后發(fā)生了某事。 It won’t be long before he succeeds.(＝He will succeed soon.) 他不久就會成功。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．My uncle set aside part of his salary for three years and then he bought a boat. 2．Only after they had performed hundreds of experiments did they

31、 succeed in solving (solve) the problem. 3．She ought to stop work.She has a headache because she has_been_reading (read) all day long. 4．—I’d like to call on you at 10 am tomorrow. —I’m sorry, by then I will_be_meeting (meet) my guests in my office. 5．Nobody has any idea that how long it will b

32、e before the hostages are_released (release)． 6．In brief, it’s high time that we took measures to stop killing wild animals. 7．Where were you at lunch time？I was_saving (save) a seat for you in the dining hall. 8．No one can deny the role women played in the development of society. 9．—Where have

33、 you been recently? —I was (be) in Hangzhou on business for a week last month. 10．The other day, not until two o’clock in the morning did he return home drunk. Ⅱ.完形填空 John Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas city in 1918.His father died in an accident when John was six.He was __1__ hi

34、gh school age, but his hometown __2__ no high school for blacks. __3__ he had a strongwilled, caring mother.John __4__ that his mother told him many times, “Son, you can __5__ everything you really want to be if you just __6__.” She told him not to depend on others, __7__ his mother.“You have to ea

35、rn success.” said she, “All the people who work hard __8__ succeed, but the only people who __9__ succeed are those who works hard.” These words came from a woman with less than a third grade __10__. She also knew that __11__ and hard work couldn’t __12__ everything.So she worked hard as a cook for

36、 two years to save enough to take her son to Chicago. Chicago in 1933 was not the promising __13__ that black southerners were __14__ for.John’s mother and stepfather could not find work.But here John could go to school, and here he learned the __15__ of words as editor of the newspaper and yearboo

37、k at Du Sable High School.His wish was to __16__ a magazine for the blacks. While others __17__ him, John’s mother offered him more words to live by, “Nothing beats a failure but a __18__.” She let him pawn (典當(dāng)) her furniture to get ＄ 500 he needed to start the Negro magazine. It is __19__ that di

38、fficulties and failure followed John closely __20__ he became very successful.He always keep his mother’s words in mind, “Son, failure is not in your vocabulary.” 1．A.reaching　　　　　　　 　B．getting C．in D．of 解析：選A　reach high school age“到上高中的年齡”，get to或at the age才正確。 2．A.got B．set C．offered D．

39、gave 解析：選C　offer sth.for sb.“為某人提供某物”。 3．A.Therefore B．First C．Fortunately D．Otherwise 解析：選C　有一個如此好的母親，當(dāng)然是幸運的事。 4．A.remembered B．knew C．learned D．understood 解析：選A　對母親說過多次的話當(dāng)然是記得。 5．A.be B．take C．get D．have 解析：選A　由后面的want to be可知，意為：如果你努力了，你想是什么就是什么。 6．A.work B．succeed C．do

40、 D．go 解析：選C　句意：如果去做，do此處意義比其余三項要廣泛，指一切努力。 7．A.including B．except C．besides D．but 解析：選A　including“包括”，母親告訴兒子，誰也不依靠，包括母親。 8．A.don’t B．wouldn’t C．can D．will 解析：選A　部分否定，并非所有努力的人都能成功。由work可知用一般現(xiàn)在時。 9．A.may B．do C．should D．might 解析：選B　do＋動詞原形，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，“真正成功的”。 10．A.lesson B．education

41、 C．class D．pupil 解析：選B　third grade education“三年的教育”。由grade可知為教育。 11．A.believing B．practice C．experience D．knowledge 解析：選A　由下文失敗多次仍然堅持，那就是堅信自己，故用believing。 12．A.make B．become C．mean D．bring 解析：選C　mean“意味著”。 13．A.land B．spot C．center D．town 解析：選A　the promising land“有希望的地方，樂土，樂

42、園”。 14．A.going B．seat C．naming D．looking 解析：選D　look for“尋找”。此處指黑人們在尋找自己的樂園。 15．A.value B．cost C．strength D．power 解析：選D　power“力量”。他了解到報紙編輯所說的話是非常有影響力的。 16．A.lend B．publish C．sell D．set 解析：選B　publish a magazine“出版一份雜志”。 17．A.watched B．a(chǎn)dmired C．respected D．discouraged 解析：選D

43、　母親鼓勵，當(dāng)然其他人在阻止他，discourage“使泄氣”。 18．A.try B．success C．hero D．hope 解析：選A　此處是母親鼓勵他去試一下；“努力就會成功。”try“努力，嘗試”。 19．A.possible B．natural C．obvious D．strange 解析：選B　開創(chuàng)一份事業(yè)，困難和失敗是理所當(dāng)然的，natural“自然”。 20．A.until B．though C．because D．a(chǎn)fter 解析：選A　until“直到……為止”。 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 While astronauts in spa

44、ce get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted — being able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solution to the th

45、ird one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer! About a year ago, NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert, to build a device (設(shè)備) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities

46、that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens. Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype (原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough (面團(tuán)) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce” — a mix of tomato powder,

47、oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesn’t show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in seven seconds. While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan C

48、ontractor is far from ready for astronauts. That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not. Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed fr

49、om all the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy. But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth. Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortun

50、ate enough to go to Mars! 語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普說明文。宇航員在太空時，也會有不同的食物需求。最新的研究表明，3D打印技術(shù)有望讓宇航員們在太空吃上比薩。 1．Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do? A．To ask us not to take common things for granted. B．To show they live a difficult life there. C．To show their life is boring i

51、n space. D．To introduce the topic of the text. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Though not much can be done ...thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer！”可知，使用3D打印技術(shù)可以解決宇航員在太空吃比薩的問題。由此可推斷出，文章開篇描述幾個無法實現(xiàn)的愿望旨在引出本文的話題。故D項正確。 2．NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to ________. A．create some new type of 3

52、D printer B．a(chǎn)ttract more companies to work for NASA C．help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day D．produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“About a year ago ...to make pizza on demand.”可知，美國航空航天局提供125 000美元是為了開發(fā)為宇航員們提供新鮮比薩的技術(shù)設(shè)備。故C項正確。 3．The biggest c

53、hallenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that________. A．he has no money left to go on with his research B．the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers C．he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years D．he cannot make the food container last for 30 years 解析：

54、選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.”可知，讓打印機(jī)中的食物容器能夠維持 30 年是目前的一大難題。故D項正確。 4．What’s the best title of the passage? A．NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better B．Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza C．NASA is working on making pizza for common people D．A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza 解析：選B　標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種可以在太空自制比薩的3D打印技術(shù)，因此將來宇航員們也許能吃上熱騰騰的比薩。故B項最適合作本文標(biāo)題。