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1、3unitBACK TO THE PASTGrammar and usageObject ComplementObject ComplementWho are they?Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroes.Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroe

2、s. object Object ComplementThey are Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.We call them great heroes. object object complement 3. Sometimes a to-infinitive or bare infinitive can be an object complement.3. Sometimes a to-infinitive or bare infinitive can be an object complement. Id like all of you to work sti

3、ll harder.Summary Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Summary Summary Summary e.g.Summary e.g.Please go through Lost civilizations again

4、 and find as many sentences with an object complement as you can.ExamplesExamplesExamplesExamplesRead the next excerpt from Anns diary entry on page 48 and use proper object complements to complete it. Try to understand what these phrases in the box mean.Please do C1 on page 108 in your Workbook to

5、practise what you have learnt in this part.Eitheror, neithernorYou must pay attention that either.or., neithernor can connect the coordinate subject, verb, object and adverbial in sentences.1. Connecting the coordinate subjects 1. Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father,

6、 or both your parents can come with you.1. Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father, or both your parents can come with you.Either Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.1. Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father, or both

7、your parents can come with you.Either Tim or his brothers have to water the trees every other day.Neither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is the best for you?1. Connecting the coordinate subjects Either your mother or your father, or both your parents can come with you.Either Tim or

8、his brothers have to water the trees every other day.Neither your aunt nor I have any other thought but what is the best for you?But neither his daughter nor his son would listen to his suggestions.2. Connecting the coordinate objects2. Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either r

9、ice or noodles for supper every day.2. Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.You may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.2. Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.You

10、 may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.They have neither steam heat nor running water.2. Connecting the coordinate objectsAt school we may have either rice or noodles for supper every day.You may choose either physics or chemistry as your major.They have neither steam heat nor running

11、 water.I wont take a trip for I have neither the time nor money.3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or p

12、redicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.3. Conn

13、ecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concert or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither my fault nor his.3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the c

14、oncert or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither my fault nor his.He was neither clever nor stupid, but good enough at his work.3. Connecting the coordinate predicates or predicatives“Either go to the concer

15、t or stay at home. Dont go anywhere else,” father shouted.The books there are either books on travel or detective novels.That is neither my fault nor his.He was neither clever nor stupid, but good enough at his work.One third of the men could neither read nor write.4. Connecting the coordinate adver

16、bials or attributes:4. Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow. You may take either the blue or the green one.4. Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomo

17、rrow. You may take either the blue or the green one.The two men walked very fast, looking neither to the right nor to the left.4. Connecting the coordinate adverbials or attributes:We are going to return to our home town either today or tomorrow. You may take either the blue or the green one.The two

18、 men walked very fast, looking neither to the right nor to the left.Paul came at the right time, neither too early nor too late.5. Connecting the coordinate clauses:5. Connecting the coordinate clauses:Either you must improve your work, or I will dismiss you.5. Connecting the coordinate clauses:Eith

19、er you must improve your work, or I will dismiss you.Either you cut it out, or we shall have to wash our hands of the whole business.例例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be例例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examin

20、ation after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be析析: 由“or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only but also”連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語保持一致。例例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be析析: 由“or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not only but also”連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，

21、動(dòng)詞與靠近的主語保持一致。_ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is e.g._ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is e.g.Sub

22、ject-verb agreement例例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered例例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered析析: 一般說來，主語后帶有with, together wi

23、th, as well as, along with, in addition to, like, including, but, rather than, no less than等詞語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞隨主語。The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.e.g.例例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have

24、 offered析析: 一般說來，主語后帶有with, together with, as well as, along with, in addition to, like, including, but, rather than, no less than等詞語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞隨主語。The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.e.g.例例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are no

25、t decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided例例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided析析: 當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.e.g.例

26、例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided析析: 當(dāng)when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.e.g.例例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and

27、each hour brings _dutyA. know, their B. knows, theirC. knows, its D. know, its例例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _dutyA. know, their B. knows, theirC. knows, its D. know, its析：析：every/each/ no+單數(shù)名詞+and every/ each / no+單數(shù)名詞短語做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。No teacher and no student agrees

28、 to have classes on Sunday.e.g.例例4 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _dutyA. know, their B. knows, theirC. knows, its D. know, its析：析：every/each/ no+單數(shù)名詞+and every/ each / no+單數(shù)名詞短語做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday.e.g.例例5 We live day

29、by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. 07 湖南A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 例例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. 07 江西A. show; are B. shows; isC. show; is D. show

30、s; are例例5 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. 07 湖南A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 例例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. 07 江西A. show; are B. shows;

31、 isC. show; is D. shows; are例例5 We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. 07 湖南A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 例例6 A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. 07 江西

32、A. show; are B. shows; isC. show; is D. shows; are由and連接的名詞作主語時(shí):1. 由and連接的兩個(gè)不同概念的名詞作主語 時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)：Both you and I are going to attend the meeting.When he will go to BJ and how he will go to BJ have not been decided yet.e.g.2. 如果后面加作為插入語，謂語也用單數(shù) 形式。Black, and not Mary, was chosen monitor.She, and not you

33、, is going to speak at the meeting.All work, and no play, has made you a fool.e.g.3. 以many a或more than one修飾的單數(shù)名 詞后面的謂語用單數(shù)形式，但其意義是 復(fù)數(shù)性的。Many a boy is fond of playing football.More than one student enjoys folk-music.e.g.The boy and the girl were each given an apple.e.g.注：注：在以each，every，no修飾的并列主語中的兩個(gè)名

34、詞前不能加冠詞。如果并列的兩個(gè)名詞前分別加定冠詞變成復(fù)數(shù)概念，此時(shí)，放在后面作同位語，動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4. 當(dāng)and連接的為同一人、事或概念時(shí)，這 時(shí)and后的名詞前沒有冠詞，其動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù)：The singer and composer is coming to our school.Bread and butter is often served for breakfast.Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favourite dishes.e.g.常常見的由and連接的指一個(gè)概念的有：The needle and thread, salt an

35、d water, the folk and knife, soap and water, iron and steel，a watch and chain, the bread and butter, truth and honesty, a cup and saucer（茶托）等。當(dāng)主語后面接說明主語的修飾詞或插入語時(shí)：謂謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)不受修飾成分的影響，仍與主語一致。常見的有：with, along with, together with,as well as, like, no less than, rather than,more than, as much as, but, excep

36、t, besides,including等。Bamboo, like a tree, grows tall and straight.The house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.e.g. 當(dāng)集合名詞做主語時(shí)：根根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容，謂語動(dòng)詞既可是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)。常用人的集合名詞有：group, class, team, family, nation, army, audience, crowd, public, governmentMy family is a happy family. My family all lov

37、e music. / The audience was in good order. (指整體狀態(tài)). The audience were greatly encouraged. ( 指具體的人)e.g.注：注：有些集合名詞如people、cattle等在任何情況下都與復(fù)數(shù)形式搭配。 就近原則：以連詞or，eitheror，nor，neithernor，not onlybut (also).連接的名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語與其相鄰的保持一致。Among the boys, one or two are able to jump 1.6 metres.There is a bed, a table

38、 and two chairs in her room.e.g. 以某些“不定代詞或表示數(shù)量的詞+of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語形式要與of后邊的名詞保持一致。70 percent of the surface is covered with water.70 percent of the farmers have improved their living conditions.The rest of his journey was pleasant.The rest of the girls are fond of music.All of your work is well done.All o

39、f your answers are correct.e.g.注意1. one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+（單）謂語，如：One of the students is from the south.2. one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句（從句動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)），如： He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.注意3. the (only) one of+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）+定語從句，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表示眾多中只有一個(gè)，如：He is the only one of the students who comes early.4. a number o

40、f和the number ofThe number of the students in the school is 1,250. A number of students are waiting outside the gate. “the + adj.(分詞或數(shù)詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞作用時(shí)：如果這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示的是一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示抽象概念（或具體的某個(gè)人），謂語用單數(shù)形式。The old are being taken good care of.There is an old man and a young man in the room now. The old is

41、the father of the young.The unexpected was not prevented in those days. 表示重量、距離、金錢、一段時(shí)間及由one and a half修飾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：Twenty dollars isnt enough to buy the book. Ten miles isnt long.Five times five is twenty-five.One and a half apples is lying on the plate.練習(xí)exercise1. Do you know _.A. what i

42、s the police looking forB. what are the police looking forC. what the police are looking forD. what the police is looking for1. Do you know _.A. what is the police looking forB. what are the police looking forC. what the police are looking forD. what the police is looking for2. _he _I finished the e

43、xperiment?A. Have neither/nor B. Has neither/norC. Have neither/or D. Have either /or2. _he _I finished the experiment?A. Have neither/nor B. Has neither/norC. Have neither/or D. Have either /or3. The old _ well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was3. The old _ well

44、 looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was4. The secretary and manager _ very busy now. A. is B. are C. has been D. were4. The secretary and manager _ very busy now. A. is B. are C. has been D. were5. Both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting.A.

45、has B. have C. are D. is 5. Both the secretary and the manager _ agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. is 6. During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A. are B. were C. was D. has6. During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded.A. are B. were C. was D. has7. Tom as well

46、 as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been7. Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been8. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been8. Most of his spare time _spent

47、 in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been9. Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A. are B. is C. has D. have9. Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum.A. are B. is C. has D. have10. About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was10. About 20 percent of the work _

48、done yesterday.A. are B. is C. were D. was11. The United States _ founded in 1776.A. was B. is C. were D. are11. The United States _ founded in 1776.A. was B. is C. were D. are12. This pair of shoes _ made in our factory.A. is B. are C. have been D. had been12. This pair of shoes _ made in our facto

49、ry.A. is B. are C. have been D. had been13. No one except my parents _ anything about it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known13. No one except my parents _ anything about it.A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known14. A number of students _ from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has14. A

50、 number of students _ from the south.A. are B. is C. have D. has15. The number of students from the south _ small.A. are B. is C. have D. has15. The number of students from the south _ small.A. are B. is C. have D. has16. John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.A. g

51、o B. goes C. have gone D. are going16. John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot.A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going17. It is not I who _ wrong.A. is B. are C. am D. has been17. It is not I who _ wrong.A. is B. are C. am D. has been18. He said that his family _ al

52、l very well.A. are B. were C. is D. was 18. He said that his family _ all very well.A. are B. were C. is D. was 19. One and a half apples _ on the table.A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left19. One and a half apples _ on the table.A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left20. Where _ that f

53、ive pounds I lent you?A. is B. have C. was D. were20. Where _ that five pounds I lent you?A. is B. have C. was D. were21. I _the ninth letter of the English alphabet.A. are B. be C. is D. am21. I _the ninth letter of the English alphabet.A. are B. be C. is D. am22. Six times seven _ forty-two.A. are

54、 B. is C. have D. was22. Six times seven _ forty-two.A. are B. is C. have D. was23. The United States_made up of 50 states, one of which_Kentucky.A. is/are B. is/is C. are/is D. are/are23. The United States_made up of 50 states, one of which_Kentucky.A. is/are B. is/is C. are/is D. are/are24. The po

55、pulation of the city_increasing fast.A. were B. be C. is D. are24. The population of the city_increasing fast.A. were B. be C. is D. are25. One third of the population here_workers. A. is B. have C. be D. are25. One third of the population here_workers. A. is B. have C. be D. are26. Now the police _

56、 searching the town for the lost child.A. was B. were C. is D. are26. Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child.A. was B. were C. is D. are27. Two of them will go first, the rest _to stay.A. is B. are C. used D. have27. Two of them will go first, the rest _to stay.A. is B. are C. used D

57、. have28. He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A. was B. were C. is D. are 28. He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting.A. was B. were C. is D. are 29. The scientist and professor _ left for Russia.A. have B. has C. is D. are29. The scientist and professor _

58、 left for Russia.A. have B. has C. is D. are30. Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A. have B. are C. has D. is 30. Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment.A. have B. are C. has D. is 31. Every means _ been tried since then.A. has B. were C. was D. has been31. Every means _ been tried since

59、then.A. has B. were C. was D. has beenRead Part A on page 51. It is another of Anns diary entries. Try your best to understand the article and choose the correct verb forms. Then go through Part B on page 51. It is a letter in a local newspaper. Read the letter and finish the exercise individually, using the correct forms of the given verbs.