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1、B 高頻考點高頻考點（高頻高頻 / 規(guī)律規(guī)律 / 技巧技巧）B8 特殊句式特殊句式 考 綱 解 讀1掌握強調(diào)句的句型和用法。2掌握倒裝句的用法。設(shè)置語境或?qū)υ捒疾榉穸ㄒ饬x的副詞以及“so/only狀語”等放于句首，句子使用部分倒裝的形式。3掌握省略句的用法。設(shè)置語境或?qū)υ捒疾槭÷灾髡Z和系動詞的省略形式以及一些常用的省略句型。4掌握反意疑問句的基本知識和用法，主要考查主從復(fù)合句后面的反意疑問句以及一些靈活的反問形式。5掌握祈使句、感嘆句和主謂一致的用法。 考 情 解 讀考點考點 題量題量年份年份倒裝倒裝句句強調(diào)句強調(diào)句反意反意疑問疑問句句祈使祈使句和句和感嘆感嘆句句there be句型句型其他其

2、他200863120220091014117201041002220114423032012521203 趨 勢 解 讀 在重視對語言的意義和功能考查的同時，高考并未完全放棄對語言形式的考查，熱點為倒裝句和強調(diào)句。在以后的高考中，將會繼續(xù)保留這類題目，但是其綜合性和情景性將會變得越來越強。易易錯錯 警警示示 Not until his work has been finished _to go to bed deep into the night. Ahe stopped Bdid he stop Cstopped he Dhe did stop 易誤選A、C 考生易誤選A項或C項。分析題干可

3、知，句首有否定詞“not”，空格處應(yīng)用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。 Only when the fire was under control _to return to their homes. Athe residents would be permitted Bhad the residents been permitted Cwould the residents be permitted Dthe residents had been permitted 易誤選B 考生易誤選B項。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題是對倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。根據(jù)語法知識可知，“only狀語”位于句首時，其后的句子要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

4、，故選項A和D可以首先被排除。根據(jù)題意可知，“居民被允許回家”發(fā)生在“火勢被控制”之后，所以B項不正確，選C。 At the foot of the mountain _ Aa village lies Blies a village Cdoes a village lie Dlying a village 易誤選C 本題是對完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的考查?？忌渍`選C。題干中的“At the foot of the mountain”是一個表示地點的介詞短語，當(dāng)它位于句首時，其后的句子要采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B。 I just wonder _that makes him so excited. Awh

5、y it does Bwhat he does Chow it is Dwhat it is 易誤選A 考生易錯選A，原因是沒有掌握正確的解題方法。本題是對強調(diào)句型在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用的考查。遇到這類問題時可以將題目中的it is that部分去掉，該題中去掉it is that后，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)賓語從句缺少主語，故應(yīng)用what。答案為D。 It was only with the help of the local guide _ Awas the mountain climber rescued Bthat the mountain climber was rescued Cwhen the m

6、ountain climber was rescued Dthen the mountain climber was rescued 易誤選A 本題是對強調(diào)句型的考查?？忌苋菀讓⑵湔`認(rèn)為是倒裝句，而選A項。only with the help of the local guide為被強調(diào)的部分，故選B。 After a close talk with the teacher, Tom has become a better student than _ Athat used to be Bhe used to Che was used to Dhe used to be 易誤選B 本題是對英

7、語中動詞不定式省略的考查?？忌族e選B，認(rèn)為只保留到不定式符號to即可。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，used to be表示“過去”；當(dāng)動詞不定式中有be動詞或have時，要對其進(jìn)行保留；而在其他情況下保留到不定式符號to即可。選D。 Shes not a dancing teacher, is she? _ AYes, and she isnt BYes, but she was CNo, but she isnt DNo, but she was 易誤選B 此題為反意疑問句，考生很容易根據(jù)中文意思回答錯誤，誤選B。答語可理解為No, she isnt. But she was a dancing t

8、eacher.的省略，即其意為“她現(xiàn)在不是舞蹈教師，但她過去是”。答語也可以是No, but she used to be.故選D。考考點點 精精析析 基 礎(chǔ) 盤 點 1常見倒裝形式；2.強調(diào)句型常見結(jié)構(gòu)；3.主謂一致；4.感嘆句；5.反意疑問句； 6.省略。 熱 門 考 點 1對倒裝句的考查；2.對主謂一致的考查；3.強調(diào)句型的考查；4.反意疑問句的考查；5.省略句的考查。 關(guān) 注 節(jié) 點 (2012四川卷)This is not my story, nor _the whole story. My story plays out differently. Ais there Bthere

9、is Cis it Dit is 答案Cnor提前，句子部分倒裝。熱點熱點81 完全倒裝1表示狀態(tài)或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here, there，up，down，in，away，off，out等，置于句首時，完全倒裝。 Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief. 聽到狗的狂叫聲，小偷逃掉了。 注意：上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。 Away they went. 他們走了。部分倒裝1only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時。 Only after they had discussed the matter

10、for several hours did they reach a decision. 直到他們討論了那個問題幾個小時之后才作出決定。2否定副詞never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首時。 Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family

11、 was for him. 直到他離開家，他才開始知道家庭對他來說有多么重要。3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引導(dǎo)兩個句子時，前一個句子用部分倒裝，后一個句子不倒裝。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一聽到這個消息就哭了。4so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也(不)”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時，要用部分倒裝，其句型為：so/neither/norbe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。 注意：so表示“是的，確實”時，主謂語不

12、倒裝。 It is too hot. So it is. 天太熱了。 是啊，的確很熱。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以致于一句話也說不出來。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以致于受到了表揚。 若主句謂語為be之外的系動詞，則主句部分倒裝。 So involved in the game did the boy get that he wont leave the computer. 小孩如此癡迷游戲，以致他不愿離

13、開電腦。5在在so.that.和和such.that.句式中，如果句式中，如果so或或such引導(dǎo)的部引導(dǎo)的部 分位于句首時，主句中的主語和謂語需要倒裝。分位于句首時，主句中的主語和謂語需要倒裝。 6as, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，可將表語、狀語或謂 語動詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。句式為：表語、狀語或動詞 原形as/though主語其他。 Try as he would, he might fail again. 盡管他還會嘗試，但可能還會失敗。 (詳見狀語從句專題熱點講析) (2012安徽卷)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supe

14、rmarket chains, _some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. Akeeps BKeep Chave kept Dhad kept 答案A考查主謂一致。句子主語為Walmart，故選A。熱點熱點82 Ashow; are Bshows; are Cshow; is Dshows; is 答案D句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明在農(nóng)業(yè)上化學(xué)物質(zhì)的增加使用正在危害我們的健康。本題考查主謂一致。第一空前的主語為evidence(不可數(shù)名詞)，故第一空中的動詞需用單數(shù)，排除A、C兩項；第二空前的主語為use(不可數(shù)名

15、詞)，故第二空用is。綜上所述，答案為D項。(2012湖南卷湖南卷)All the scientific evidence _that increasing use of chemicals in farming _damaging our health. Awere Bwas Cis Dare 答案B句意：這個籃球教練和他的球隊因為表現(xiàn)出色，在賽后不久就接受了采訪。本題考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。題干中主語the basketball coach后加as well as his team，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與the basketball coach保持一致，故排除A項和D項。根據(jù)語境afte

16、r the match for their outstanding performance可知謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時，故選擇B項。(2012陜西卷陜西卷) )The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 答案A句意：這個國家的森林覆蓋面積占國土面積的三分之一，并且大多數(shù)市民都是黑人?！胺?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決

17、于名詞的形式；“the majority of名詞”作主語時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)也取決于名詞的形式。故本題選A。(2011湖南卷湖南卷)Onethird of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _black people. Aare being built Bwere being built Cwas being built Dis being built 答案D考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。由時間狀語at present可知此處動詞表示的動作正在進(jìn)行，主語與所填詞是被動關(guān)系；many a名詞單數(shù)做

18、主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，故本題選D。(2010陜西卷陜西卷) )It is reported that many a new house _at present in the disaster area.主謂一致 (1)由or, either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/besides/rather than名詞”置于主語后，謂語動詞一般仍與前面的

19、名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。 I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為此事故負(fù)責(zé)任。1就近一致原則就近一致原則 (2)由there, here引起的主語不止一個時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 (1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 The worker and writer is from W

20、uhan. 那個工人兼作家來自武漢。 A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 針線給了她，但她不會把紐扣縫起來。2意義一致原則意義一致原則 (2)“no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞andno/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一個人都很有理由為他們的父親

21、所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。 (3)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一個好習(xí)慣。 (2012湖南卷)It was not until I came here _I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. Awho Bthat Cwhere Dbefore 答案B考查強調(diào)句It was not until.that.。熱點熱點83 (2012重慶卷)It w

22、as 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. Awhen Bthat CAfter Dsince 答案B句意：鄭和在Christopher Columbus橫越大西洋的80年前就已航海到達(dá)東非?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型(It is/was被強調(diào)部分that/who其他成分)。被強調(diào)部分為80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。 (2011陜西卷)It is not how much

23、we do but how much love we put into what we do _benefits our work most. Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 答案C句意：能給我們的工作帶來最大益處的不是我們做了多少，而是我們對于自己所做的事情付出了多少愛。本題考查強調(diào)句型。被強調(diào)部分為句子的主語not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do，故選擇C項。 (2011四川卷)Was it on a lonely island _he was saved one month after the

24、 boat went down? Awhere Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 答案B句意：是不是船沉了以后一個月他才在一個孤島上被救？根據(jù)句中出現(xiàn)的it was及強調(diào)句型的判斷方法可確定該題考查強調(diào)句型。where, which和what均不能構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型。判斷強調(diào)句的方法是把it is/was和that去掉，剩下的句子在結(jié)構(gòu)及意義上均完整，此處為強調(diào)句。 (2011重慶卷)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village _it was made. Atha

25、t Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 答案A句意：“你看過電影山楂樹之戀嗎？”“當(dāng)然，我看過。它就是在我們村里拍攝的”。依據(jù)強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was被強調(diào)部分that句子剩余部分”可知選A。 (2012吉林二檢)What did she want to know, Tom? She wondered _we could complete the experiment. Awhen was it Bit was when that Cit was when Dwhen it was that 答案D本題考查when提問的強調(diào)句型作賓語從句的語序問題。作賓語從句應(yīng)用正常語序，所以應(yīng)選

26、D項。強調(diào)句型1強調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. 只有孩子才會犯這樣愚蠢的錯誤。2強調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞is/wasitthat從句”。 What is it that you want me to do? 你要我干什么？3如果原句中含有“not.until”，在強調(diào)時間狀語時，將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語一起提前。 It was not until she t

27、ook off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨鏡，我才認(rèn)出她是一位著名的電影明星。4強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)與名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句的混合使用 在高考試題中，為了增加試題的難度，命題人常常將強調(diào)句型與定語從句、狀語從句等混合起來，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜。考生要注意從語法角度分析句子，理清“強調(diào)句型與定語從句”。 若不是強調(diào)句式，那么推測是否為主語從句，即it是否指代后面的從句，可以用替換法嘗試。 當(dāng)be后為一段時間時，不要忘了It be.since/before結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)我們看到當(dāng)我們看到“It be

28、.從句從句”結(jié)構(gòu)時，首先考慮是否為強結(jié)構(gòu)時，首先考慮是否為強調(diào)句式，方法就是去掉調(diào)句式，方法就是去掉it be與與that/who后，看剩下的部分后，看剩下的部分是否完整。是否完整。 (2012江蘇卷)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？ Ais there Bisnt there Cis he Disnt he 答案A考查反意疑問句，因主句出現(xiàn)否定詞little，故選A。熱點熱點84 (2011重慶卷)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,

29、_？ Acould he Bdidnt I Cdidnt you Dcould they 答案B句意：我告訴他們并不是每一個人都能跑得像你一樣快，不是嗎？對于含賓語從句的反意疑問句，其附加問句常與主句一致，又因主句為一般過去時的肯定形式，故附加問句用一般過去時的否定形式。 (福建卷)Im sure youd rather she went to school by bus, _？ Ahadnt you Bwouldnt you Carent I Ddidnt she 答案B主句謂語是believe/expect/fancy/feel/imagine/ suppose/seem/think/be

30、 sure，如主句中的主語是第一人稱單數(shù)時，主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句應(yīng)跟從句變。 (2012煙臺調(diào)研)Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？ Aisnt he Bhasnt he Cisnt it Dhasnt it 答案Cit是形式主語，that后面的從句是真正的主語，句子是對主句it提問，而不是對從句提問。故選C。 (2012重慶二診)She must have finished the work the day before yesterday, _？ Amustnt she Bdoes she Cdidnt she Dha

31、snt she 答案C對過去發(fā)生的動作進(jìn)行推測，而且還有表示過去的時間狀語，其反意疑問句用didnt來構(gòu)成。1如果反意疑問句的前一部分為肯定形式，則反意疑問部分用否定形式；反之，如果前一部分是否定形式，后一部分就要用肯定形式。 當(dāng)陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, scarcely, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定詞或半否定詞時，疑問部分的動詞用肯定式。 The old woman could hardly write her own name, could she? 那位老太太幾乎不會寫自己的名字，是嗎？ She said I did i

32、t, didnt she？她說是我干的，是嗎？2當(dāng)主語是第一人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, guess，be sure等詞時，要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移，而且反意疑問部分要與從句保持一致；如果主語是其他人稱，反意疑問部分與主語保持一致。 I dont think you can solve the problem in two minutes, can you？我們認(rèn)為你在兩分鐘之內(nèi)不能解決這個問題，你能嗎？(反意疑問部分與從句一致)3陳述部分含有must等表推測的情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句。 must等表示推測，疑問部分不能用must等情

33、態(tài)動詞，而應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動詞結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的動詞形式。 他昨天一定離開了，是嗎？ He must have left yesterday, didnt he？(有明確過去時間狀語) He must have left, hasnt he？(無明確過去時間狀語) (2012山東卷)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _ Awhoever Bwherever Cwhatever Dhowever 答案Ajust give it to Lucy or Helen or whoever it may/mi

34、ght be。熱點熱點85 (2011江蘇卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._，wed better take it to the garage immediately. AOtherwise BIf not CBut for that DIf so 答案D句意：聽起來好像汽車的發(fā)動機出了故障。如果這樣的話，我們最好馬上把它開到維修廠(修理一下)。otherwise否則，要不然；if not如果不是這樣的話；but for that要不是那樣。以上三項均不符合句意和語境。if so“如果這樣的話”，符合句意和語境。

35、if so相當(dāng)于if something is wrong with the cars engine。 (2012東北三校第一次聯(lián)考)Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group? No, but I _ Awant to Bwant to be Cwant so Dwant it 答案B考查省略句的用法。答話人想成為聯(lián)想集團(tuán)的工程師，答語是“No, but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group”的省略形式。當(dāng)不定式后有be時，be不可省略。 (2012溫州第一次適應(yīng)性測試)The footballer didnt

36、succeed in scoring, though _several chances by his teammates. Awas given Bbeing given Cgiving Dgiven 答案D考查非謂語動詞和省略。該句though后面是省略，相當(dāng)于though he was given several chances by his teammates，邏輯主語the footballer與動詞give構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞given，所以選D項。 (2012海濱第二學(xué)期期中)Although _ considerable success as an artist,

37、the young man keeps working hard. Aachieving Bachieved Cto achieve Dhaving achieved 答案D考查非謂語動詞作狀語的用法。achieve與邏輯主語young man之間是主動關(guān)系，排除B選項，并且achieve這個動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞keep working之前，即：先取得了很大成績，然后繼續(xù)努力工作，因此選項D正確。 省略1在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含有be動詞，而主語又

38、與主句主語相同或主語是it時，從句的主語和be動詞常被省略。 The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health. 實驗表明，如果有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行適量運動能強身健體。 2Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答句，后 面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。 Do you think it will rain？你認(rèn)為會下雨嗎？ I hope not(that it will n

39、ot rain)我希望不下。 Do you believe our team will win? 你相信我們隊會贏嗎？ I guess so.我猜會贏。 (1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid, glad, happy, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后邊。 I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. 我請他去看電影，但他不想去。 Will you join in the

40、 game？你愿意加入做游戲嗎？ Id be glad to.我很高興加入。 (2)如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。 Are you a sailor？你是海員嗎？ No, but I used to be.不，但我過去是。3不定式省略，單獨使用不定式符號不定式省略，單獨使用不定式符號to。名名 師師 招招 招招 鮮鮮1. 加強語法專項練習(xí)，尤其是強調(diào)和倒裝兩部分，一定要反復(fù)練習(xí)，確保記憶的準(zhǔn)確和全面。2不可對語法條目進(jìn)行單純的機械記憶，理解才是真正學(xué)好語法的關(guān)鍵，尤其是在知識之間出現(xiàn)交叉的地方，更要注重理解，認(rèn)真對照，找出異同，以求舉一反三，融會貫通。3考前應(yīng)認(rèn)真研讀高考題目，了解高考題目的立意方向和設(shè)問風(fēng)格，做到知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆。