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1、閱讀理解突破(三)推理判斷題1推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?(3)Inwhichofthefollowingpublications(出版物)wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?(4)Thepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystatethat_.(5)Thewritersuggeststhat_.(6)The

2、authorprobablyfeelsthat_.(7)Theauthorusestheexampleof.toshowthat_.(8)Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward.?2推理判斷題的解題策略(1)嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理,千萬(wàn)不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù),那它就不是推論,也就不是正確答案。(3)如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合,文中卻沒(méi)有涉及,那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論,也不是正確答案。(4)如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到,但很片面或很不完整,那也不是正確答案。(5)文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(sho

3、uld,must,may,etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外之音,這有助于我們確定正確答案。(6)注意作者在文章中的措辭,比如作者在形容詞前用了too,excessively,rather等,則常帶有否定的口氣。(7)某些過(guò)渡詞如however,but,onthecontrary,whatismore等后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。3推理判斷題類型及應(yīng)對(duì)措施(1)數(shù)據(jù)推理解答此類題,關(guān)鍵是要善于捕捉有關(guān)數(shù)字信息,然后在透徹理解原文的字面意思和題意的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用自己的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí),對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析、推理,從而得出正確答案。(2)知識(shí)推理知識(shí)推理題是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知

4、識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。解答此類題,不僅需要我們有一定的社會(huì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),而且還需要對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識(shí)有一個(gè)充分的理解。(3)邏輯推理邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理,從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論,而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛(ài)好去理解文章的內(nèi)容。解答這類題的前提是首先獲得短文的主題思想或列舉的具體事實(shí),然后按題意的要求進(jìn)行推斷。1Most children,even the youngest children,are delighted to be around cats and dogs.But these pet

5、s carry plenty of germs and allergens (過(guò)敏原),prompting researchers to ask：Are cats and dogs really safe for children?A study finds that,contrary to many parents fears,owning cats or dogs does not increase a childs risk of developing allergies,and in fact,may actually protect them.The studys lead auth

6、or,Dr.Dennis Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia,said that even he was “very surprised” by the results.Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7,comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first years of life to those who were not.By using skinprick

7、tests for detecting common allergies,the researchers found that,contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years,children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.Even more remarkable,children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction,up to 77 percent,in risk of

8、allergies.Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats.Exposing young children to these bacteria helps “exercise” their immune systems early in life so that theyre better able to resist allergic diseases later.“T

9、heres something very important in the first years of life when the immune system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response,” saidDr.William Davis.And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a childs allergy risk,they say if a family

10、already has one or more animals,theres no need to get rid of them.1Whydotheresearchersfeel“verysurprised”bytheresultsofthestudy?ABecausetheresultsarecontrarytotheirexpectation.BBecausesomanychildrenareplayingwithcatsanddogs.CBecauseparentsaresomuchworriedabouttheirchildren.DBecausechildrenwithanimal

11、smaydevelopallergieseasily.答案A解析此題較易,文中第二段中的“contrarytomanyparentsfears”為關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),反映出結(jié)果與第一段中人們的一般認(rèn)識(shí)相反,因此研究者感到驚奇,故選A項(xiàng)；選D的原因是因?yàn)楦揪蜎](méi)有讀懂文章,而把意思弄反了。2Comparedwithchildrenwhohavepets,thosewhohavent_.AwilllosethechancetodevelopimmunesystemBmaysufferallergicdiseasesmoreoftenCwillreducetheharmfrombacteriaDcankeep

12、doctorsaway答案B解析本文主要是圍繞接觸帶有過(guò)敏原的寵物是否安全展開(kāi)的,由第二段“.,andinfact,mayactuallyprotectthem.”和第三段“.werenotatgreaterrisk.”可知,應(yīng)是接觸寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較小,即不接觸寵物的孩子患這種疾病的可能性較大,故選B項(xiàng)；誤選A項(xiàng)是由于錯(cuò)誤理解了倒數(shù)第二段；誤選C項(xiàng)是由于沒(méi)有正確理解全文,而是根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí),即開(kāi)頭的觀點(diǎn)作出的判斷。3Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.ApetsareilltreatedbytheirownersBlessfamilieswould

13、liketoowncatsanddogsCkeepingpetsisagoodwaytokeepchildrenhealthyDtheresultsofthestudycanmakefamilieswithpetsfeelatease答案D解析推理判斷題。該研究結(jié)果告訴人們小孩在早期與貓狗等動(dòng)物接觸不會(huì)影響他們的健康,從而使很多父母可以放心。2(2009全國(guó),C)We have met the enemy,and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkeypox,a disease usually found in the Africa

14、n rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Most of the infections(感染) we think of as human infections started in other animals,”says Stephen Morse,director of the Center for P

15、ublic Health Preparedness at Columbia University.Its not just that were going to where the animals are；were also bringing them closer to us.Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country.A strange illness killed Isaksens pets,and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a b

16、ad idea.“I dont think its fair to have them as petswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem,”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging,”saysPeterSchantz.Monkeypoxmaybethewakeupcall.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknow

17、verylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病菌)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)Monkeypoxdoesntlooklikeamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay_.AcomefromColumbiaBpreventusfrombeinginfectedCenj

18、oybeingwithchildrenDsufferfrommonkeypox答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知寵物店主的寵物感染了一種病毒,故選D。2WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?ATheyattackhumanbeings.BWeneedtostudynativeanimals.CTheycantliveoutoftherainforest.DWedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段Isaksen說(shuō)的話可知,她認(rèn)為目前人們對(duì)國(guó)外的寵物了解得太少。3Whatdoesthephrase“

19、thewakeupcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?AanewdiseaseBaclearwarningCadangerousanimalDamorningcall答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。由本句主語(yǔ)monkeypox知,這可能是一種新的天花病毒,而不是一種病,故排除A、C、D。4Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe_.AmayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesBmayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsCshouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsDshou

20、ldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica答案A解析推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知,這種病毒的出現(xiàn)只是一個(gè)警告。未來(lái)可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多的新的疾病。3TheChinaDailynewspapergroupislookingforEnglishlanguageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesignerstostrengthenitsinternationalteam.Weofferacompetitivesalarypackage,freeaccommodationwithutilitiespai

21、dfor,90percentmedicalreimbursement,asevendaypaidleave,elevendaypublicholidaysandareturntickettothecountryofresidence.SeniorBusinessEditorYoumust：assistthebusinesseditorinsettinggoalsandworkingonachievingthem；beanexcellentteampersonwhocangenerateideasandthinkcreativelyandbeabletorewritetotallyifneede

22、dandmentorjuniorstaff；ideallyhavebeenworkingorhaveworkedinapositionofresponsibilityandunderstandwhatleadershipentails；havehadatleastfiveyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingtheBusinessDeskandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.SeniorCopyEditorYoumust：workonshiftsintheBusinessDeskandusuallyhavethelastwor

23、dbeforethepageissenttoprint；editorrewritecopyandgivesnappyheadlinesandcaptions；havehadatleasttwoyearseditingexperienceworkingoneditingdesksandbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.CopyEditorYoumust：begoodateditingorrewritingcopyandwritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions；beabletoworkonshiftsfordifferentpages,andu

24、suallyhavethelastwordbeforethepageissenttoprint；havetwoyearsofeditingexperienceworkingoncopydesks,andbefamiliarwithindustrysoftware.GraphicDesignerYoumust：haveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics；begoodatillustrationsandfreehanddrawings；beexperiencedinnewspaperormagazinelayouts；haveagoodsenseoftypog

25、raphy；havegoodnewsjudgment；bewellversedwithMacintoshsoftware,includingInDesign,IllustratorandPhotoshop；befluentinEnglish.Forenquiriesortoapply,writetojob.1Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?ATodescribethepositionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.BTodescribetheworkingconditionsoftheChinaDailynewspapergroup.C

26、Toadvertiseforrecruitingsomegoodemployees.DTotellyouhowtobecomepartofthisgroup.答案C解析推理判斷題?？v觀全文,尤其是文章的第一段可以看出,這是一則廣告,其目的就是向社會(huì)公開(kāi)招聘Englishlanguageseniorbusinesseditors,seniorcopyeditors,copyeditorsandgraphicdesigners4個(gè)崗位上的員工。由此可以判斷,答案是C項(xiàng)。2WhatisnotrequiredaboutGraphicDesigner?ABewellversedwithPhotoshop

27、.BHaveexcellentskillsininformationgraphics.CHavingagoodsenseoftypography.DWritingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由GraphicDesigner的招聘要求可以看出：Writingsnappyheadlinesandcaptions并非GraphicDesigner所要求具備的。3Howmanypositionsneededitingexperience?A2.B1.C3.D4.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。前三個(gè)職位的敘述中都提到了對(duì)“editingexperience”的要求

28、,只有最后一個(gè)崗位沒(méi)有這方面的要求,故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。4Whichcanbethetitleoftheadvertisement?AChinaDaily：NewEmployeesWantedBChinaDaily：NewspaperCChinaDaily：AnInternationalTeamDChinaDaily：TheBestWorkingCondition答案A解析標(biāo)題判斷題。文章第一段已點(diǎn)明了文章的主旨與目的,就是要招聘人員,所以A項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的“中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)社招聘員工”最能概括全文的大意,故可排除其他三項(xiàng)。5WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepass

29、age?AFreeaccommodationsareavailabletotheworkers.BTheworkerstherecanenjoyasevendayleavewithoutpay.CTheemployeeshavetherighttoenjoyelevendaypublicholidays.DTheseniorbusinesseditorsonlyjobistohelpthebusinesseditortosetgoals.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的敘述可以看出,員工可以“享受11天的公共假期”。其他三項(xiàng)都不符合原文的敘述。故C為正確答案。內(nèi)容總結(jié)（1）閱讀理解突破(三)推理判斷題1推理判斷題的提問(wèn)方式(1)Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat_.(2)Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage