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1、Grammar: Attributive Clause一、關系代詞一、關系代詞: : 1. who指人指人,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Prof

2、essor Li.3. which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省作賓語可省略略, 如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Do you find the pen? I wrote wi

3、th it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? 4. that 指人指人/物，作主語或賓語物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.

4、He is the man (that) I told you about. 注意：介詞提前時只能用注意：介詞提前時只能用which 而不能用而不能用that 。that 指人指人/物，作主語或賓語物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books? from that that和和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在但在下列情況下下列情況下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am

5、sure she has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。(2)先行詞被先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, littl

6、e, much等等 修飾時。修飾時。(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(4)先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時。修飾時。(1) THE SCIENTIST IS VERY FAMOUS IN THE WORLD. WE MET HER YESTERDAY.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world. whom that(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress t

7、hat she is wearing is new. which (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with. who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen. 二、關系副詞引導的定語從句二、關系副詞引導的定語從句 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或關系副詞可代

8、替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。whenwherewhy 1、關系副詞、關系副詞when, where, why 的含義相當于的含義相當于 “介詞介詞+ which” 結構，因此常常和結構，因此常常和“介詞介詞+ which”結構交替使用。例如：結構交替使用。例如：a) 我仍然記得我仍然記得 我參軍的我參軍的 那一天。那一天。 I still remember the day.On that day I joined the army.I still remember the day when I joined the army. 或或I sti

9、ll remember the day on which I joined the army. b) 這就是這就是 我們?nèi)ツ曜〉奈覀內(nèi)ツ曜〉?房屋。房屋。This is the house.We lived in it last year.This is the house where we lived last year. 或或This is the house in which we lived last year. 或或 This is the house which we lived in last year. c) 你知道你知道 他遲到的他遲到的 原因嗎？原因嗎？Do you kno

10、w the reason?He was late for that reason.Do you know the reason why he was late? 或或Do you know the reason for which he was late? 2、當先行詞是指時間、地點或原因時，并非就、當先行詞是指時間、地點或原因時，并非就用用when, where, why 來引導定語從句。來引導定語從句。 例如：例如： 這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^的地方。 這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤?。這是我們?nèi)ツ旯ぷ鞯牡胤健?a)vt.vi.This is the place which / tha

11、t we visited last year.This is the place where we worked last year. 我仍然記得我入團的那一天。我仍然記得我入團的那一天。 我仍然記得我們一起度過的那一天。我仍然記得我們一起度過的那一天。b)I still remember the day when I joined the League.I still remember the day that / which we spent together. 三、判斷關系代詞與關系副詞三、判斷關系代詞與關系副詞 方法一：方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全

12、 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。這是我去年呆過的山村。取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用就必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：關系副詞。例如：Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。 方法二：方法二：準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的準確判斷先行詞在定語

13、從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關系代詞關系代詞/關系副詞。關系副詞。A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例例1. Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago?例例2. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the oneBD1. 限定性定語從句是對先行詞起限定作用的。限定性定語從句是對先行詞起限定作用的。去掉這個從句則整句話不完整或

14、不成立。去掉這個從句則整句話不完整或不成立。 Eg: He who doesnt go to the Great Wall is not a true man. -He is not a true man.不完整不完整 四、限定性、非限定性定語從句四、限定性、非限定性定語從句 The mooncake that has egg in it is the mooncake which I like best. - The mooncake is the mooncake.不成立不成立大多數(shù)定語從句是限定性定語從句。大多數(shù)定語從句是限定性定語從句。2. 非限定性定語從句是對先行詞起解釋、說明作用的

15、。去掉非限定性定語從句是對先行詞起解釋、說明作用的。去掉這個從句整句話仍成立。常被逗號隔開。這個從句整句話仍成立。常被逗號隔開。 Eg: I have a dog, which can do many things for me.注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. 她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學。她那當兵的哥哥總是鼓勵她上大學。（意含：意含： 她還有其他哥哥。她還有其他哥哥。） Her brother, who is n

16、ow a soldier, always encourages her to go to college. 她哥哥是當兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學。她哥哥是當兵的，他總是鼓勵她上大學。（意含：意含： 她只有一個哥哥。她只有一個哥哥。）2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written. 所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。所有里面帶插圖的書都寫得很好。（意含：意含： 不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得不帶插圖的書則不一定寫得好。好。） All the books, which have pictures in them, are well wr

17、itten. 所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很所有的書都帶插圖，這些書都寫得很好。（好。（意含：意含： 沒有不帶插圖的書。沒有不帶插圖的書。）在非限制性定語從句中在非限制性定語從句中as與與which可以在整個主句作可以在整個主句作為其先行詞指代上面或下面說的一件事，為其先行詞指代上面或下面說的一件事，從意義上來看從意義上來看 which (=and this/that) as (=in accordance with what)E.g.: He is a teacher, which(=as)is clear from his manner或或He is a teacher, as(=whi

18、ch)can be seen from his manner.The student forgot to bring his dictionary, as is oftenthe case.（此句中（此句中as不能用不能用which代。）代。） 1.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where高考鏈接解析：本題考查定語從句。解本題得關鍵解析：本題考查定語從句。解本題得關鍵是要先找準先行詞是要先

19、找準先行詞“the hours”,the hours”,然后理然后理解關系副詞解關系副詞“when”when”本身在其引導的定語本身在其引導的定語從句中充當時間狀語。答案從句中充當時間狀語。答案C.C.2. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which 高考鏈接解析：這是一個定語從句。定語從句的先解析：這是一個定語從句。定語從句的先行詞為行詞為windowswindows。 有的考生誤認

20、為前文提有的考生誤認為前文提到到windows,windows,應用應用those those 代替而選代替而選B B。但。但thosethose不可用做關系代詞引導定語從句。由不可用做關系代詞引導定語從句。由于橫線處前有介詞于橫線處前有介詞ofof不能選不能選thatthat。答案。答案 D D3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase， _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C.its price D. the price of whose高考鏈接解析：此題四個代選

21、項中都有解析：此題四個代選項中都有priceprice這一詞這一詞語，要表示語，要表示Chinese vase Chinese vase 的價格，所以關的價格，所以關系代詞語先行詞分隔。系代詞語先行詞分隔。“its price” its price” 不不表示所有格；由于表示所有格；由于whosewhose本身就可作定語，本身就可作定語，不需再用不需再用ofof屬格。故屬格。故A A、C C、D D三項均應排除。三項均應排除。答案答案B.B.4. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control

22、over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why高考鏈接解析：先行詞解析：先行詞situationsituation作作“處境處境”講，引導講，引導定語從句是使用關系代詞還是使用關系副詞，定語從句是使用關系代詞還是使用關系副詞，決定于關系詞在從句中所擔任的成分。此題的決定于關系詞在從句中所擔任的成分。此題的關系詞在從句中擔任狀語，故選用關系詞在從句中擔任狀語，故選用A A項。項。C C、D D兩項的兩項的while,whywhile,why不具有引導定語從句的句法不具有引導定語從句的句法功能。答案為功能。答案為A.A.HOMEWORK 1. Read more about the Attributive Clause to have a full perspective of the grammar item. 2. Do the rest grammar exercise in WB and TB.