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1、The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 GrammarUnit 3 GrammarObjectiveTo learn and use the present perfect passive voice.語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。法規(guī)律。Look at the following sentences

2、, paying attention to the underlined part.Over time I have been changed quite a lot.First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told

3、! Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生在過現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示動作發(fā)生在過去去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響

4、。到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has + been + ed1. 主動語態(tài)即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者；被主動語態(tài)即主語為動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)即主語為動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完動語態(tài)即主語為動作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)強(qiáng)

5、調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示果，但主語為動作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被已經(jīng)被”。The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的肯定式為：have / has + been + doneThe experiment has been done successfully. 這個實驗做得很成功。這個實驗做得很成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式為：現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + doneToms novel has

6、not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。湯姆的小說還沒有被出版?，F(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have / has提到主語的前面。提到主語的前面。Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？他的自行車修好了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞疑問詞 + have / has + been + doneWho has been invited? 誰受到了邀請？誰受到了邀請？現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個概念：概念：1. 說話時已

7、經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。說話時已經(jīng)完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2. 主語是行為動作的承受者。主語是行為動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)由have/has been+ v-ed構(gòu)成，其中構(gòu)成，其中v-ed為過去分詞，為過去分詞，表示被動。表示被動。I have been told about it many times.The bridge has just been built.在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時要在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)時要注意以下兩點：注意以下兩點：1. 過去分詞前有兩個助動詞：過去分詞前有兩個助動詞： have / has和和been。2. 必須表示被動

8、。必須表示被動。 注意注意:1. 副詞的位置副詞的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于等副詞置于have / has和和been中中間。如間。如:誤誤 Such a man has been hardly believed.正正 Such a man has hardly been believed.2. 并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)并不是所有動詞都有被動語態(tài)(1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動詞或詞組無被等不及物動詞或詞組無被 動語態(tài)。如：動

9、語態(tài)。如： 誤誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.(2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)出等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)出 者時常用主動語態(tài)。者時常用主動語態(tài)。3. 短語動詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞短語動詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如：或副詞。如： The patients have been taken good care of.(1) 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z

10、態(tài)的主語。語。(2) 把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)把謂語變成被動結(jié)構(gòu) (be + 過去分詞過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定時態(tài)來決定be的形式的形式)。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(3) 把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之之 后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. They make the b

11、ikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.(4) 雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài)可將其中的一雙賓語動詞變被動語態(tài)可將其中的一 個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個保留不動。另一個保留不動。主動：主動：I have given him the key.被動：被動：He has been given the key.被動：被動：The key has been given (to) him.(5) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，只帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞變被動語態(tài)時，只 能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)保留能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓

12、補(bǔ)保留 不動，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。不動，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動：主動：I have asked her to help you.被動：被動：She has been asked to help you.(1)誤誤Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正正Many new buildings have been built since 1980.分析分析: 謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全, 時態(tài)部分不完整。時態(tài)部分不完整。試分析：試分析：(2)誤誤Something bad has been happened to him. 正正Something ba

13、d has happened to him.分析分析: 被動語態(tài)誤用。被動語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動為不及物動詞，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。詞，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。(3)誤誤I have introduced to Mr. Smith. 正正I have been introduced to Mr. Smith (by Mr. Wang).分析分析: introduce為及物動詞，為及物動詞，I是是introduce的承受者。的承受者。(4)誤誤The door has been opened of itself. 正正The door has opened of itself.分析分

14、析: 有些動詞如有些動詞如open，break，drop等等既可以作及物動詞，又可以作不及物動既可以作及物動詞，又可以作不及物動詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動作的發(fā)出者，我們詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動作的發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動語態(tài)。通常用主動語態(tài)。of itself意思是意思是“自動自動地地”，因此，此句不可用被動語態(tài)。，因此，此句不可用被動語態(tài)。Review現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + been + done否定結(jié)構(gòu)：否定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + not + been + doneIndividual activity注注: : 另附另附 word

15、word 文檔。文檔。點擊此處鏈接點擊此處鏈接 1. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decidedQuiz I: Multiple choice. 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B.

16、are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I to

17、ld5. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. (2007北京北京) A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined6. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. (2008上海上海) A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run7. I like these English songs and they _

18、many times on the radio. (2008安徽安徽) A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught8. - Why does the Lake smell terrible? - Because large quantities of water _. (2009福建福建) A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 9. Every year a flood of farmers arr

19、ive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建福建) A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised10. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the word. (2011天津天津) A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are b

20、eing produced Quiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice.1. We have planted some trees around the lake.2. My father has locked the door.3. Someone has turned off the light. Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked.4. I have finished

21、my homework.5. They have rebuilt the bridge.6. He has repaired the machine for two hours. The bridge has been rebuilt.The machine has been repaired for two hours. My homework has been finished.Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆未油漆) for

22、years.2. How many workers _ (已派遣已派遣) to build the railway? 3. Why does Mary look so unhappy? She _ (被嘲笑被嘲笑) by her classmates. has not beenpaintedhave been senthas been laughed at4. It is said that the house _ _ (闖進(jìn)了闖進(jìn)了) by two thieves. 5. _ his views _ (受到批受到批 判判) by them? 6. The two pens _ (未被拿走未被拿走) by him. 7. This new type of computer _ _ (設(shè)計設(shè)計) for teachers and students. Havebeen criticizedhave not been taken away has been designedbroken intohas been