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1、閱讀與寫作閱讀與寫作(8)(8)歷史與地理該話題主要包括歷史和地理的基本知識，重大歷史事件和重要人物等。高考命題者的語篇材料中，常涉及到某個地方的史地概況，風(fēng)土人情等。 美文賞析Since 1884，Greenwich Mean Time(GMT)has been the international standard for timekeeping，but it is now under threat from a new definition of time itself based not on the rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn))of the Earth，but on atomic cloc

2、ks.In January the International Telecommunication Union will meet in Geneva to vote on whether to adopt the new measure，despite protests from Britain.No doubt，the question has hurt Britains national prideparticularly when the British believe their old rival France is leading the push to change from

3、GMT to the new time standard.GMT is based on the passage of the sun over the zero meridian(經(jīng)線)line at the Greenwich Observatory in southeast London，and became the world standard for time at a conference in Washington in 1884.France was striving for Paris Mean Time at the same conference.In 1972 it w

4、as replaced in name by Universal Coordinated Time(UTC)but that in fact remained the same as GMT.UTC is based on about 400 atomic clocks around the world but then corrected with“l(fā)eap seconds”to correspond tothe Earths rotational speed，which fluctuates(波動)As a result，atomic time is slowly diverging(偏離

5、)from GMT.The tiny differences between Earth speed and atomic speed have become a problem for GPS，space exploration and mobile phone networks on which the modern world relies.The meeting will look at the possibilities of abolishing the leap seconds and moving fully to atomic time.The proposal has be

6、en opposed by British science minister David Willetts.He said，“We should stick to real time as experienced by humans.Without leap seconds we will lose contact with the reality of Earths rotation. Eventually our midnight would happen at noon.”China prefers the present time standards，saying that its a

7、stronomers want to retain Earthrotationbased time.【解題導(dǎo)語】格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間作為全球通用的時間參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已使用了120多年。但格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間可能會成為歷史。這種以地球自轉(zhuǎn)為依據(jù)的世界時可能會被以原子振蕩周期為依據(jù)的原子時徹底取代。一、閱讀與積累1攻克疑難詞匯definition n定義adopt v采用，采取All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.三個隊處理這個問題方法各不相同。strive v努力，奮斗We encouraged all members to s

8、trive for the highest standards.我們鼓勵所有成員為達(dá)到最高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而努力。correspond to與相符retain v保持；保留2攻克疑難句No doubt, the question has hurt Britains national prideparticularly when the British believe their old rival France is leading the push to change from GMT to the new time standard.結(jié)構(gòu)分析本句是主從復(fù)合句。no doubt作狀語，意為“毫無疑問”；

9、when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；believe后為省略引導(dǎo)詞that的賓語從句。嘗試翻譯這一提議無疑傷害了英國人的國家自豪感尤其是當(dāng)英國認(rèn)為他們的老對手法國帶頭推動用新的時間標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替格林尼治標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間的時候。 二、理解與書面表達(dá)1理解文章主旨The passage mainly tells us that Greenwich Mean Time is likely to be replaced by Universal Coordinated Time.2理解與書面表達(dá) 文中畫線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是寫作中常用的，請你寫出此句的類型：_。答案現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語3精通句式：非謂語動詞(1)說明：非謂語動詞指動

10、詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。眾所周知，作文中出現(xiàn)過多的簡單句會讓人覺得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而文章中過多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來費(fèi)勁。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用非謂語動詞(或者介詞短語等)對簡單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅句型多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡意明。 (2)例句感悟 All the people here like the novel written by Tom. This is a factory，producing thousands of cars a month. The firefighters coming here in time helped us a

11、lot. We think it very important to speak more English. (3)將下面小短文譯成英語 北京市有大量的出租車司機(jī)，他們每天全心全意地為乘客服務(wù)，對北京市的交通發(fā)揮著重要作用。他們起早貪黑，賺錢養(yǎng)家糊口。有一次，我下車時不小心把手機(jī)忘在了車上，但當(dāng)我和司機(jī)同志聯(lián)系上之后，他立即開車把手機(jī)送到了我的家門口，讓我感動不已。 _答案There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing.They serve passengers heart and soul.They play an important

12、part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money.They work from dawn till night.One day，I left my cellphone in the taxi I took.I got in touch with the driver.He drove to my home and gave it back to me.I was very excited. (4)用非謂語動詞的形式改寫上面的小短文使它成為一篇優(yōu)秀的小短文。 _【參考范文】There are a large number of taxi dr

13、ivers in Beijing，serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing.In order to make some money to support their families，they work from dawn till night.One day，I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took.On hearing what had happened，the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me.Seeing my cellphone again，I was too excited to say a word.