《重慶市梁平實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ)《Unit1 plant World》Grammar課件2 重慶大學(xué)版必修4》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《重慶市梁平實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高中英語(yǔ)《Unit1 plant World》Grammar課件2 重慶大學(xué)版必修4（69頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、Passive Voice被被 動(dòng)動(dòng) 語(yǔ)語(yǔ) 態(tài)態(tài)Read the following sentences, paying attention to the colored parts.1) Bamboo is so strong that it is often used to build houses and bridges. 2) Some are put into cans and shipped to all corners of the world. 3) Bamboos can be fitted together and used as pipes to carry water

2、brought from a river or lake through them . 4) The traffic accident was talked for many years.5) All of us will be asked to attend the lecture.6) A bamboo park is being built near the factory.7) The road to the school has been widened.8) Had he been sent to work in Beijing when you got there?英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種

3、語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：Summary:They will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)主動(dòng)) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被動(dòng)被動(dòng))漢語(yǔ)中常用漢語(yǔ)中常用“被被”、“給給”、“由由”、“受受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+及物及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。

4、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以的變化形式完全一樣。以give為例，列為例，列表如下：表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： am / is / are + given 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： was / were +given 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： shall / will +be+ given 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： am / is / are + being + given現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： have / has + been + given過(guò)去完成時(shí)：

5、過(guò)去完成時(shí)： had + been + given 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： was / were + being + given過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： should / would +be+ given將來(lái)完成時(shí)：將來(lái)完成時(shí)： shall / will + have been + given過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)： should / would + have been + given注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒(méi)有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Rice is grown in the south of the country.We are not allow

6、ed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： People grow rice in the south of the country. The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用的八種時(shí)態(tài)The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. His lessons were not easily forgott

7、en.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The students didnt forget his lessons easily. 3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)： Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. They will send cars abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-lea

8、vers. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.4. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

9、 English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.The rooms are being painted.5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： The radio is broadcasting English lessons.We are painting the rooms. Because the road was being mended.Trees were being planted here this time last year.6. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： Why didnt they drive there on time?

10、 Because the workers were mending the road. This time last year we were planting trees here. I have been told the sports meet might be put off.The price has been brought down.7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. When I got to the theat

11、re, I found the tickets had already been sold out.He had been considered to be a great leader.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. 8. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. Your compos

12、itions must be handed in after class.You must hand in your compositions after class. 9. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 A great many letters can be written with the computer by him. He can write a great many letters with the computer. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使

13、用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”(只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的。的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的。) 2. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 These records were made by John D

14、enver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3. 當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in +名名詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替詞作狀語(yǔ)，而代替 by 短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.（1）My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) I was invited (b

15、y my aunt ) to her 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) dinner party. （2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。 2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be+過(guò)過(guò)去分詞去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一

16、致。 3. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。 1. 1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has b

17、een bought. (正確正確) A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤錯(cuò)誤) 2. 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。主語(yǔ)時(shí)比較多。 My uncle gave on my birthday. was given on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語(yǔ)如果把直接賓語(yǔ)(指物指物)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，則在間接賓語(yǔ)(指人指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說(shuō)：前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可

18、以說(shuō)： A present was given to me yesterday. mea presenta presentI一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。如：等。如：The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介

19、詞 for, 如：如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。等。 如：如：Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. )People

20、 all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用不用by短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)) 有些既不用有些既不用to也不用也不用for, 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。的搭配關(guān)系。3. 由動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開(kāi)或漏掉。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：或漏掉。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+ 介詞，如介詞，如:

21、 agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about等。等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+副詞：如：副詞：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think

22、 over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 4. 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：面。如：We always keep the classroom clean. The classroom is a

23、lways kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions.在在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略to 的問(wèn)題。的問(wèn)題。We often

24、 hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，不要誤把賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，不要誤把賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：作主語(yǔ)。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples. 誤：誤：Love apples were called them. 正：正：They w

25、ere called love apples. The books are taken good care of. Good care is taken of the books. 1) We take good care of the books. 5. 還有一種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由還有一種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+名詞名詞+ 介詞介詞構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式，構(gòu)成，變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：如下： Attention must be paid to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation must be paid attention to. 2) You must

26、 pay attention to your pronunciation. 用于這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用于這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：見(jiàn)的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take notice of, keep an eye on等。等。 6. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)闀r(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作作by的賓語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變的賓語(yǔ)，并將

27、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：為否定的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： Nobody can answer this question. 誤誤: The question can be answered by nobody. 正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody.7. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是當(dāng)否定句中的賓語(yǔ)是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)榉謩e變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)，并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：并將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語(yǔ)

28、態(tài)。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 誤誤: Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：正： Nothing has been done to make the river clean.8. 以以who為主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首：放在句首： Who wrote the story? 誤：誤：Who was the story written? 正：正：By whom was the story wri

29、tten?9. 有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：常見(jiàn)的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：等。如： The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷(xiāo)。 The pen writ

30、es smoothly. 這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢。這支筆寫(xiě)字很流暢。 對(duì)比：對(duì)比：The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動(dòng)句主動(dòng)句) The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被動(dòng)句被動(dòng)句)10. 下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句： 第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表第一，感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel，look, seem, tast

31、e, sound, remain等。等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 誤：誤：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious. 誤：誤：The food is tasted delicious.誤：誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.The pop music sounds beautiful. 第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等

32、。等。如：如： 誤：誤：The room was entered and his book was got.誤：誤：Her hand was had burned. He entered the room and got his book. She had her hand burned. 誤：誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被第三，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add

33、 up to等。等。如：如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：第四，不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. After the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：誤：The sun had already been risen. 誤：誤：After the earthqua

34、ke, few houses were remained.第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：，如： I taught myself English. We love each other. 誤：誤：Myself was taught English. 誤：誤：Each other is loved. 11. 在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類(lèi)句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)

35、表示，例如： 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè)據(jù)推測(cè) It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 眾所周知眾所周知It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為普遍認(rèn)為 It is generally considered that 有人建議有人建議 It is suggested that 1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison inven

36、ted the electric lamp.在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是極常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是極常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，人們進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言交際，離不開(kāi)對(duì)言現(xiàn)象，人們進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言交際，離不開(kāi)對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用，熟練掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用，熟練掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也為下一步學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，在動(dòng)詞為下一步學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，在動(dòng)詞-ing形式，不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)中，都有被動(dòng)式，形式，不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)中，都有被動(dòng)式，都需要運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的知識(shí)去理解。都需要運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的知識(shí)去理解。一些常見(jiàn)的不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)賓詞組：一些常見(jiàn)的不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)賓詞組： catch a cold 感冒感冒eat ones words食言

37、食言lose heart 喪失信心喪失信心lose patience失去耐心失去耐心make a face 做鬼臉做鬼臉make up ones mind 下決心下決心make bed 鋪床鋪床make room for為為騰出地方騰出地方keep watch 守望守望keep silence 保持安靜保持安靜 speak ones mind 表明見(jiàn)解表明見(jiàn)解take place 發(fā)生發(fā)生take ones time 從容不從容不迫，別著急迫，別著急take office 就職就職take ones leave 請(qǐng)假請(qǐng)假take notes 作筆記作筆記 take up arms 拿起武拿起武

38、take ones place 就位就位 Practice and homework1. Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice.Our education is paid for by the government.1) The government pays for our education.A book was given to me by John as my birthday present.I was given a book by John as my birthday present.2) John gave m

39、e a book as my birthday present.The students were made to stay after school by the teacher.The desk is being repaired by the two boys.3) The teacher made the students stay after school.4) The two boys are repairing the desk.This type of music can be enjoyed be everyone.5) Everyone can enjoy this typ

40、e of music.6) The students have invited us to a dance.We have been invited to a dance by the students.Their wedding will be put off till the next week.Liars are always looked down upon.7) They will put off their wedding till the next week8) People always look down upon liars.2. Complete the followin

41、g short passage with the proper form of each word in the brackets.The first Harry Potter novel _ (publish) in 1997, selling over 250 million copies worldwide. The Harry Potter books _ (sell) in more than 200 countries and _ (translate) into 60was publishedare soldtranslatedhave beendifferent languag

42、es from Hindi to Ancient Greek. The novels _ also _(adapt) successfully for the screen. The most recent film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban _ (say) to have broken the records in the UK, taking 11.5 million in its first three days on release (上映上映)。been adaptedhavewas said3. Complete each o

43、f the following sentences with the help of the table, using the word SPEAK in its proper form.LanguagesNumbers of Speakers(in millions)Mandarin (Putonghua)920Arabic220English337Italian70-125French220Spanish332Japanese100German1001) Mandarin _ by about 920 million people which takes roughly 15% of th

44、e world population.2) About 220 million people _ Arabic round the world.3) More than 337 million people worldwide _ English as their first language.is spokenspeak speak 4) Italian _.5) _ French.6) It is believed that _.7) _.is spoken by at least 70 million peopleAbout 220 million people around the w

45、orld speakSpanish is spoken by 332 million peopleNearly 100 million people speak Japanese8) Like Japanese, German _.is spoken by 100 million people all over the world高考鏈接：高考鏈接： 1.（09北京，北京，27）The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C. w

46、ould treat D. would be treated【解析解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。The guests 與與treat之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，之間是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，并且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用一般過(guò)并且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。去時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。2（2009福建，福建，22） -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water _. A. have polluted B. is being pollutedC. has been polluted D. have been

47、polluted 【解析解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂語(yǔ)考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂語(yǔ)一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知所填動(dòng)詞表示一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知所填動(dòng)詞表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時(shí)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是large quantities of water，其中心詞是，其中心詞是quantities，是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。，是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 3. (2008全國(guó)全國(guó)I) The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a

48、 cold front _ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will be expected【解析解析】句意為：明天將會(huì)持續(xù)潮濕句意為：明天將會(huì)持續(xù)潮濕的天氣，屆時(shí)冷鋒將會(huì)來(lái)臨。在的天氣，屆時(shí)冷鋒將會(huì)來(lái)臨。在when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般時(shí)表引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)。將來(lái)時(shí)。expect與與a cold front之間是動(dòng)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4. (2008北京北京) I feel greatly honored _ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed【解析解析】根據(jù)句意可知，能受到他根據(jù)句意可知，能受到他們社團(tuán)的歡迎，我感到非常榮幸。們社團(tuán)的歡迎，我感到非常榮幸。表示表示“受到受到的歡迎的歡迎”應(yīng)用不定應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。