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1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people .4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people .3.The tickets about heroes are sold out .語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表示用來(lái)表示_和和_之間的關(guān)系。之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài), ,即即_和和_。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的_。被動(dòng)

2、。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的_。如：如：Many students study English.(_) English is studied by many students. (_)語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者承受者承受者主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一一. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成_ 助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞be+(及物動(dòng)詞的及物動(dòng)詞的)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。助動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。助動(dòng)詞_有有_、_和和_的變化，的變化，其變化規(guī)則與其變化規(guī)則與be作為系動(dòng)詞的變化完全一樣。作為系動(dòng)詞的變化完全一

3、樣。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):_+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞如：如：The desk _made of wood. The desks _made of wood. He_ asked a question by the teacher.isarewasbe 人稱人稱數(shù)數(shù)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+be+v-ed（及物）（及物）+ （by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）am/is/areby many students.1. Many students study English.Englishis studied2. They make shoes in that factory.Shoe

4、s are madeby themin that factory.二二. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟1.1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的_變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的_。如主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由如主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由_變?yōu)樽優(yōu)開(kāi)。 2.2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)樽優(yōu)開(kāi)語(yǔ)態(tài)的語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。 _3.3.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的_短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 byby短語(yǔ)可以省。短語(yǔ)可以省。 byby短語(yǔ)后跟代詞的短語(yǔ)后跟代詞的_格。格。by the teacher.Heis asked questions主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的

5、步驟主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓格賓格主格主格被動(dòng)被動(dòng)be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞by賓賓1. 找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) -即動(dòng)作的承受者即動(dòng)作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) -即即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù).are3. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) -即即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).4. 修改謂語(yǔ)的形式修改謂語(yǔ)的形式 -即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞 5. 修改原句的主語(yǔ)修改原句的主語(yǔ) -即即by+ 賓語(yǔ)（原主語(yǔ)）賓語(yǔ)（原主語(yǔ)）. by them主變被解題步驟主變被解題步驟主變賓主變賓,

6、,賓變主賓變主, , 謂動(dòng)謂動(dòng)be done be done 時(shí)不變時(shí)不變, ,人稱、數(shù)、格隨著變?nèi)朔Q、數(shù)、格隨著變madein that factory They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Com

7、puters are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing. 三三. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句式變化 肯定句：肯定句：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：_特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句： _by many students.English is studiedby many students.English_is not studied_English _by many students?_ _English _by?主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)be + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(by )主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)be not 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞

8、(by )Be 主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(by )?疑問(wèn)詞疑問(wèn)詞be主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞 (by )IsstudiedWho isstudiedThe homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday. 四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 1）在沒(méi)有指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的情況下。）在沒(méi)有指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的情況下。 The meeting

9、was held last week. 會(huì)議上周召開(kāi)了。會(huì)議上周召開(kāi)了。 English is taught in all middle schools. 所有中學(xué)都開(kāi)設(shè)英語(yǔ)課。所有中學(xué)都開(kāi)設(shè)英語(yǔ)課。 2）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。）要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者時(shí)。 Teapots are used for drinking. 茶壺是飲水用的。茶壺是飲水用的。 Wheres cotton produced? 棉花產(chǎn)于何地？棉花產(chǎn)于何地？ 五、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)五、各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)_+ 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞(主主) ：She cleans her

10、 room every day.(被被) (肯肯) ：_否定句：否定句：_一般疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：_注意：注意：被動(dòng)句的被動(dòng)句的be動(dòng)詞的變化應(yīng)按被動(dòng)句中新主語(yǔ)的人動(dòng)詞的變化應(yīng)按被動(dòng)句中新主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)而變化，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)一致稱和數(shù)而變化，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)一致 am / is / areHer room is cleaned (by her) every day.Her room isnt cleaned (by her) every day.Is her room cleaned (by her) every day?_1. They bought ten computers

11、 last term by them last term.2.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computers were bought They built the tall building last year. He took good care of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used this room for resting.The tal

12、l building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.3.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The work will be finished2.Tom w

13、ill clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.will be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞 We will have a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow. The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be take

14、n by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care ofMore water should be drunkcan/may/must/should + be+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw th

15、e pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The rooms are bei

16、ng painted1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keys have been made時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been don

17、ehad been done被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種類型以以“人人”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣；以以“物物”當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加to或或for.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：sb.+be v-ed+sth.sth.+be v-ed +to/for sb.如：如：1.He gave me a book. _by him. （以（以I做主語(yǔ)）做主語(yǔ)） _by Tom. （以物（以物book作主語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)） 2.He teaches us English. _by him. （以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）（

18、以人當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）_by him. （以物作主語(yǔ)）（以物作主語(yǔ)）I was given a bookA book was given to meWe are taught EnglishEnglish is taught to uskeep, make 等動(dòng)詞常常有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，等動(dòng)詞常常有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， （_）在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)_不變。不變。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主主 謂謂 賓賓 _in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. _the office buildi

19、ng. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位置位置Food is kept freshHe was seen to go into賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，因此不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，因此_有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上_詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)成成_之后，其作用相當(dāng)于之后，其作用相當(dāng)于_物動(dòng)詞，可物動(dòng)詞，可以接賓語(yǔ)，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在變成被以接賓語(yǔ)，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，_去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞.沒(méi)沒(méi)介介短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及及不能不能(3)主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。主動(dòng)

20、形式表被動(dòng)意義。1)某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞接形容詞可以表示被動(dòng)某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞接形容詞可以表示被動(dòng)意義。意義。如：如：_等等Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的臥室看起來(lái)非常干凈和整潔。她的臥室看起來(lái)非常干凈和整潔。2）當(dāng)）當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth后面接后面接_時(shí)時(shí),表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如：表示的是被動(dòng)意義。例如： Your hair wants_.你的頭發(fā)該理了。你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires_. 地板需要沖洗。地板需要沖洗。 The book is worth_.這本書(shū)值得一讀。這本

21、書(shū)值得一讀。T he children need_.孩子們需要照看。孩子們需要照看。doingcuttingwashingreadinglooking afterlook, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound3)某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后，用_形式表示形式表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)意義。The conversation is hard_.對(duì)這話很難理解。對(duì)這話很難理解。The fish is not easy_.魚(yú)不容易釣。魚(yú)不容易釣。The passage is difficult_.這段文章很難讀懂。這段文章很難讀懂。4）某些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是

22、物不是人時(shí)）某些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)是物不是人時(shí);_等。等。例如：例如：The book _well.這本書(shū)銷路好。這本書(shū)銷路好。 This knife_ easily.這刀子很好用。這刀子很好用。不定式主動(dòng)不定式主動(dòng)to understandto fishto readwash, clean, cook, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sellsellscuts4、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：_ （使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)（使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己）等。理解自己）等。例如：例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself _

23、. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。make sb. heard / understoodunderstood5. It is said that +從句及其他類似句型從句及其他類似句型 It is said that據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō) It is reported that據(jù)報(bào)到據(jù)報(bào)到It is believed that 大家相信大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知眾所周知It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議據(jù)建議It is said

24、 that the boy has passed the national exam .=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)把下列句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):1)A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I g

25、ot there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by two4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last yearThe play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is bein

26、g built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week.(變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) another man-made satellite into space last week.7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year.

27、8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm.They sent upwere planted are grown1.Our school _in 2002.(開(kāi)辦開(kāi)辦)2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顧照顧)3. _ this building_(建成建成)last year?4.The book _ _(寫(xiě)寫(xiě))by him last year.5. The bridge _ _(不建造不建造)in1989.6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (舉行舉行) in UK in 2012.was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasnt builtbe held