《高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 閱讀 專題5 七選五課件》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第三部分 閱讀 專題5 七選五課件（37頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、目 錄 Contents考情精解讀A.題型全突破B.考情全揭秘考點(diǎn)1考點(diǎn)2考點(diǎn)3考情精解讀考綱解讀命題趨勢(shì)命題規(guī)律考情精解讀1 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五1.七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。其命題思路體現(xiàn)了新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用英語(yǔ)獲取、處理和運(yùn)用信息的能力;逐步獲取用英語(yǔ)思維的能力的理念。2.作為一種新題型,七選五突出考查考生以下幾個(gè)方面的語(yǔ)用能力:對(duì)文章脈絡(luò)層次的理解;對(duì)事實(shí)信息和情節(jié)發(fā)展的理解;對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的理解等?？季V解讀命題規(guī)律考情精解讀2命題趨勢(shì) 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五年份卷別體裁題材主題2016全國(guó)說(shuō)明文社會(huì)生活密碼學(xué)全國(guó)說(shuō)明文社會(huì)

2、生活如何種植屬于自己的花園全國(guó)說(shuō)明文社會(huì)生活烹制魚(yú)考綱解讀命題規(guī)律考情精解讀3命題趨勢(shì) 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五考察點(diǎn)2016201520142015全國(guó)說(shuō)明文人際關(guān)系重新建立人際關(guān)系中的信任全國(guó)說(shuō)明文社會(huì)生活馬拉松的準(zhǔn)備2014全國(guó)說(shuō)明文文化教育如何幫孩子為未來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備全國(guó)說(shuō)明文社會(huì)生活如何在緊張的時(shí)間里做頓好飯考綱解讀命題規(guī)律考情精解讀4返回目錄1.文章以說(shuō)明文為主,語(yǔ)篇模式較為固定:Problem(提出問(wèn)題)Solution (提供解決方案)。2.文章題材較為固定:與學(xué)生的日常學(xué)習(xí)、生活密切相關(guān)。3.命題形式包括小標(biāo)題概括、段落主題句、過(guò)渡句、細(xì)節(jié)句等。對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的考查是本題型的考查重點(diǎn)。

3、命題趨勢(shì) 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五題型全突破繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí) 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五題型全突破1A. 命題規(guī)律 該類題型要求從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中(多數(shù)為完整的句子)選出五個(gè)能填入文章空處的最佳選項(xiàng),主要考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。該題型以說(shuō)明文為主,間或出現(xiàn)記敘文和議論文。所選材料的詞數(shù)為300左右,選項(xiàng)詞數(shù)為6080。設(shè)空類型一般有標(biāo)題句類、中心句類和上下文銜接句類,備選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)、過(guò)渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類,其多余的兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置。干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容過(guò)于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,

4、過(guò)渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等?？偟恼f(shuō)來(lái),試題難度適中,穩(wěn)中有變,突出考查考生的邏輯思維能力。從近幾年的高考試題不難看出,閱讀理解七選五不僅要求考生具備詞匯、句子、語(yǔ)段、語(yǔ)篇等方面的知識(shí),而且要有分析、歸納等方面的能力。其中標(biāo)題句一般考查02個(gè),中心句01個(gè),上下文銜接句25個(gè)。所選材料話題新穎,題材貼近考生生活,具有濃厚的時(shí)代氣息和較高的真實(shí)性?？键c(diǎn)一 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破2B. 解題步驟1.通讀全文,掌握大意,初識(shí)廬山真面目在閱讀過(guò)程中,要注意文章的首段與末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因?yàn)殚_(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山與結(jié)尾總結(jié)的寫(xiě)作方式較為常見(jiàn),首段

5、的末句一般是全文的主題所在,點(diǎn)出本文將探討的內(nèi)容,并簡(jiǎn)要指出文章的寫(xiě)作思路,有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義,如果它是文章的主題句,就可以讓讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開(kāi),并對(duì)文章的寫(xiě)作主題有整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句,則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí),可以考慮文章的寫(xiě)作方式是否為結(jié)尾總結(jié)式,如兩者均可排除,則需在文章其他段落中尋找主題句,但要注意首段與末段的提示作用。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破32.詳讀段落,敲定關(guān)鍵詞,把握段落主旨文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會(huì)根據(jù)整篇文章的寫(xiě)作主題展開(kāi),對(duì)文章主體進(jìn)行不同方面的描述。找出各

6、個(gè)小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其描述內(nèi)容,為解段落主旨類試題做好鋪墊。3.利用寫(xiě)作線索、分析上下文語(yǔ)境,敲定選項(xiàng)在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí),要特別注意空格上下段的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選的選項(xiàng)放入空白處,看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)意及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系,是否符合該處語(yǔ)境,能否承接前后的寫(xiě)作線索,使文章無(wú)論在內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體,是有其寫(xiě)作的線索與思路的,在選項(xiàng)定位中,尤其要注意文章的寫(xiě)作線索,文章的寫(xiě)作思路的連貫使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子甚至每個(gè)短語(yǔ)均融為一體。如果帶入選項(xiàng)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫(xiě)作線索中斷或是前后矛盾,應(yīng)更換其他選項(xiàng)。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)

7、習(xí)題型全突破44.代入已敲定選項(xiàng),通讀復(fù)檢,確定答案在完成選項(xiàng)定位后,應(yīng)通讀全文,檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整,語(yǔ)意是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題,語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯,寫(xiě)作思路是否清晰明了,格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)貼切,從而判斷選擇的選項(xiàng)是否正確。同時(shí),考生還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析,個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近而具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性,這時(shí)就需要考生認(rèn)真分析、仔細(xì)甄別、排除干擾,從而得出答案。 典例12016衡水高中高三調(diào)研試題 If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you, then it doesnt chang

8、e you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. 1 So challenge the following limits: 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破51.Figure out what youre scared of and do it continuously. If youre a salesman, and youre scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared

9、and thinking youll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call. 2 But dont stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, Go on, Im not scared! 2.3 Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your str

10、ess while performing this. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on. Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破63.Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise. 4 A simple 9-minute r

11、un around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself. 4.Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people. Dont just limit yourself to your fellow travelers try to connect with the se

12、rvice staff. You never know what kind of people theyre going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your tickets. 5 A.You should do it continuously.B.Someone may hang up on you.C.You dont need to go to the gym. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破7D.Running in the gym may be a better choice.

13、E.Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.F.Take a class for a hobby youve been wanting to develop.G.You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.解析生活中需要一些正常的壓力,本文就此介紹了幾個(gè)可以挑戰(zhàn)的極限。1.G根據(jù)“If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you, then it doesnt change you. We

14、 all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.可知,G項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與此處要表達(dá)的意思相符。 故選G。2.B根據(jù)“If youre . instead of being scared and thinking youll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.可知,B項(xiàng)與此處要表達(dá)的意思吻合,故選B。返回目錄 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五題型全突破83.F根據(jù)此空下面一段的內(nèi)容,特別是. taking a class for y

15、our hobby may also give you extra income可知,此處主要講業(yè)余愛(ài)好的問(wèn)題,故選F。4.C根據(jù)A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.可知,這里想說(shuō)你沒(méi)有必要去健身房,故選C。5.E根據(jù)“Dont just limit yourself to your fellow travelers try to connect with the service staff.or go online right now to book your tickets.可

16、知,E項(xiàng)與此處要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容相符,故選E。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破9C. 解題策略1.根據(jù)語(yǔ)意判斷 在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子,明白這幾句話的確切意思,然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上,再利用線索特征詞等進(jìn)一步確定答案。2.根據(jù)詞匯判斷 做題時(shí)最主要的線索特征詞是空白前后的名詞和動(dòng)詞,尋找答案的過(guò)程中注意在選項(xiàng)中查找同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或表示同一類事物的詞語(yǔ)等。其次是代詞、數(shù)詞、表示時(shí)間/年代的詞、地點(diǎn)/名稱等專有名詞等。尤其是在讀不懂句子的情況下,利用這樣的線索詞尋找答案是很有效的方法。3.根據(jù)連接詞判斷 由于英語(yǔ)的句段之間

17、經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用連接詞表示銜接和過(guò)渡,使文章邏輯更清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)更連貫,因此文章中和選項(xiàng)中表示各種邏輯關(guān)系的信息詞在選擇答案時(shí)都是很重要的線索。考點(diǎn)二 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破104.根據(jù)設(shè)空位置判斷 (1)設(shè)空在段首,選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)有如下特點(diǎn): a.通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容,根據(jù)段落一致性原則,查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞,推斷出主題句。 b.與后文是并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果關(guān)系等。著重閱讀后文第一句,鎖定線索詞,然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的,因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段,尤其當(dāng)選項(xiàng)是幾句話時(shí)。比如,如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間年代時(shí),往往

18、要注意與原文中年代的前后對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。 c.是段落間的過(guò)渡句。這時(shí)要前瞻后望,即閱讀上一段結(jié)尾部分,通常答案與上一段結(jié)尾有機(jī)地銜接起來(lái),并結(jié)合下一段內(nèi)容,看所選的答案是否將兩段內(nèi)容連貫起來(lái)了。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破11(2)設(shè)空在段尾,選項(xiàng)可能會(huì)有如下特點(diǎn):a.通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞,如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等,選項(xiàng)中也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。b.與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)

19、中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的連接詞,同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。c.與前文是并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。在這種情況下,通常是該段落要求補(bǔ)全說(shuō)明本段主題的其他細(xì)節(jié),因此根據(jù)段落一致性原則,在原文和選項(xiàng)中找到相關(guān)的特征詞,通常在選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)表示并列/遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連接詞或與前文類似的句式結(jié)構(gòu),或出現(xiàn)同義詞等其他信號(hào)線索。前面的一句與答案的第一句是緊密相連的。要特別注意閱讀這樣相連的兩句,通常會(huì)找到關(guān)鍵的線索詞句。 返回目錄 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五題型全突破12d.所選答案引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián),此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段

20、開(kāi)頭幾句,看是否能與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。 (3)設(shè)空在段中。 重點(diǎn)閱讀該空的前一句和后一句,找出它們的邏輯關(guān)系或者根據(jù)意義的連貫性,得出答案;如果還沒(méi)有把握,再分析該段的中心句。因?yàn)橹行拇_定后所有的句子和詞都是圍繞該中心進(jìn)行的。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破13 方法歸納七選五考查的是語(yǔ)篇的連貫性和一致性,因此就要使用到各種達(dá)到連貫?zāi)康牡你暯邮侄?即詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。通過(guò)對(duì)這些銜接手段的分類,七選五的解題方法主要有以下幾種:1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 復(fù)現(xiàn),是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用的一種寫(xiě)作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述,從而使得同樣的

21、意思在文章不同的地方重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系,主要是指同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。2.詞匯同現(xiàn)法 詞匯同現(xiàn)是指屬于同一詞匯搭配范疇或者某一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn),達(dá)到語(yǔ)意銜接的目的。一般來(lái)說(shuō),上下文中詞匯的范疇越小,上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密?？键c(diǎn)三 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破143.代詞線索法代詞,指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念,在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)的頻率極高,巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。4.數(shù)字線索法數(shù)字線索包括具體數(shù)字以及和數(shù)字相關(guān)的詞匯諸如ratio, rate等。作者列出數(shù)字,除了和其他數(shù)字進(jìn)行對(duì)比和比較之外,還會(huì)用數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō)明

22、一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。所以,利用這種方法也可以解題。5.邏輯關(guān)系線索文章的語(yǔ)句間的組合,除了從語(yǔ)句間的意義關(guān)系分析外,還可借助其邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)把握,即連接性詞語(yǔ)。能表明語(yǔ)段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)有以下幾種: 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破15因果關(guān)系:如so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等。條件關(guān)系:如as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless等。并列關(guān)系:如first, second, third.; firstly, se

23、condly, thirdly.;first, next, then.; in the first place, in the second place.; for one thing, for another thing.等。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:如however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, otherwise等。對(duì)比關(guān)系:如on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely等。層遞關(guān)系:如also, further, furthermore, even, besides,

24、 moreover, in addition, whats more等。解釋關(guān)系:如for example, for instance等。考生解題過(guò)程中如果抓住了這些邏輯關(guān)系線索詞,也就掌握了解題的關(guān)鍵詞,從而就能順利選出答案。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破16典例22016河北省五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè) Guide for Teenagers The teenage years can be tough, and its normal to feel sad every now and then. But if these feelings dont go away

25、or become so intense that you cant handle them, you may be suffering from depression. 36. Try not to isolate yourself. When youre depressed, you may not feel like seeing anybody or doing anything. Just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult, but isolating yourself only makes depression w

26、orse. 37 Spend time with friends, especially those who are active. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破17 Keep your body healthy. Making healthy lifestyle choices can do wonders for your mood. Ever heard of a runners high? Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression, so get involved in sp

27、orts, ride your bike, or take a dance class. Any activity helps! 38 As for food, make sure youre feeding your mind with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Avoid alcohol and drugs. You maybe try drinking or use drugs in an effort to escape from your feelings and get a mood boost, even if

28、 just for a short time. However, substance use can not only make depression worse, but can cause you to become more depressed. 39. You will need special treatment for your substance problem. 40. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破18 Stress and worry can lead to depression. Talk to a teacher if exams or classes

29、seem overwhelming. In addition, if you have a health concern you feel you cant talk to your parents about, see a doctor. A health professional can help you approach your parents and guide you toward appropriate treatment. If youre dealing with relationship, friendship, or family problems, talk to an

30、 adult you trust. A. Ask for help if you are stressed.B. Even a short walk can be beneficial.C. Turn to your parents for help.D. As you get out into the world, you may find yourself feeling better.E. In short, drinking and taking drugs will make you feel worse not better in the long run.F. The more

31、exercise you do, the healthier you will be.G. Help is available and you have more power than you think. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)題型全突破19解析本文針對(duì)如何對(duì)抗青少年抑郁提出了幾點(diǎn)建議。 36.G根據(jù)上文的“But if these feelings dont go away or become so intense that you cant handle them, you may be suffering from depression.可知,如果不能擺脫這種緊張的情緒,

32、 你可能會(huì)感到壓抑。再結(jié)合下文幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題(抑制抑郁的方法)可知答案為G項(xiàng)?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】此處位于段尾需要承接上文聯(lián)系下文,結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容可知G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境,既連接上文又是對(duì)下文的總結(jié)。37.D根據(jù)空前的內(nèi)容及下文的Spend time with friends, especially those who are active.可知,孤立會(huì)讓自己抑郁,抑制抑郁的方法就是走出去,故選D項(xiàng)。38.B根據(jù)上文的Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression, so get involved in sports, rid

33、e your bike, or take a dance class. Any activity helps!可知,a short walk屬于Any activity。故選B項(xiàng)。返回目錄 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五題型全突破20【技巧點(diǎn)撥】本題可采用詞匯同現(xiàn)法解題。上文出現(xiàn)的activity 與選項(xiàng)中的a short walk屬于同一詞匯范疇。39.E根據(jù)上文的However, substance use can not only make depression worse, but can cause you to become more depressed.可知,喝酒和吸毒只會(huì)讓你變得

34、更糟,故選E項(xiàng)。【技巧點(diǎn)撥】本題可采用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法解題。小標(biāo)題Avoid alcohol and drugs.與選項(xiàng)中的drinking and taking drugs為同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。40.A根據(jù)此空的位置和全文的文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此空是對(duì)下面一段內(nèi)容的總結(jié),屬于段落小標(biāo)題。再結(jié)合下文大意出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí),你可以告訴老師、看醫(yī)生、或與信任的人交流可知,答案為A項(xiàng)?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】本題可采用詞匯同現(xiàn)法解題。此空下面的內(nèi)容主要涉及壓抑問(wèn)題,利用stress的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)可知答案為A?？记槿颐?高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘1高考七選五的體裁以說(shuō)明文為主,語(yǔ)篇模式較為固定:提出問(wèn)題提出解決方案。題材也

35、較為固定,一般與人們的日常生活、學(xué)習(xí)等密切相關(guān)。設(shè)空類型有細(xì)節(jié)理解句、過(guò)渡句、主旨概括句。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解句出現(xiàn)在段落內(nèi)部,考查的是段落內(nèi)部句子之間,特別是前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。表示邏輯關(guān)系的標(biāo)志詞、連接詞或插入語(yǔ)等,在上下文中具有表示條件、原因、讓步、指代、遞進(jìn)、對(duì)比、列舉等關(guān)系的作用。對(duì)于這些詞匯的正確理解和掌握是做好細(xì)節(jié)理解句類題目的關(guān)鍵。2.過(guò)渡句包括段落內(nèi)部的過(guò)渡句和段落之間的過(guò)渡句。在具體的解題過(guò)程中可以通過(guò)鎖定上下文中的關(guān)鍵詞匯入手,如:同義詞、代詞、上下義詞、同一范疇詞等。從而確定過(guò)渡句表示的是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系還是承接關(guān)系。3.主題概括句以考查段落標(biāo)題為主,設(shè)

36、題位置一般在段首或段尾,考查文章的段落大意。有時(shí)也會(huì)考查整篇文章的標(biāo)題句,即文章主旨句。文章主旨句往往以文章標(biāo)題的形式出現(xiàn)。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘2Passage 12016乙卷(全國(guó)) Secret codes (密碼) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret c

37、odes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. 38空位于段首,所以可以根據(jù)上文講到的根據(jù)設(shè)空位置選擇答案。設(shè)空處在段首,通常為段落主題句,再閱讀本段內(nèi)容便可得出答案。 詞匯詳解 cryptography n. the art of writing or solving codes 密碼學(xué),為不可數(shù)名詞。There are

38、three main types of cryptography.37 For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eelsspell out the hidden message Meet me. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘3 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we sub

39、stitute a number for each letter, the message Meet me would read 13 5 5 20 13 5. A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, bridge might stand for meet and out might stand for me. The message Bridge out

40、would actually mean Meet me. 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. spell out 用字母拼,拼寫(xiě);解釋明白,講清楚Could you spell that name out again?你能不能把那個(gè)名字再拼一次? You know what I mean Im sure I dont need to spell it out.你明白我的意思,肯定不需要我解釋了。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)

41、學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘4 substitute v.代替,取代。常見(jiàn)搭配: substitute A for B用A代替B substitute B with/by A用A代替BA.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B.In any language, some letters are used more than others.C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes, people ha

42、ve tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全

43、揭秘5【答案與解析】文章主要介紹了與密碼學(xué)相關(guān)的一些情況。36.D根據(jù)后面一句Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making可知,此空該選D(只要有密碼的存在,人們就會(huì)試圖去破解它們)。37.E根據(jù)后一句的For example, the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.可知,此空該選E(你可以拼寫(xiě)每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來(lái)隱藏信息)。38.G上一段介紹了第一種密碼類型,本段介紹的是第二種類型,再根據(jù)空后的

44、內(nèi)容可知,空處選G(另外一種隱藏信息的方式是用符號(hào)來(lái)代表字母表中的特定字母)。39.F由前一句的a code book和空后的bridgemight stand for.me.可知,此空該選F(有了密碼書(shū),你就可以寫(xiě)下代表其他單詞的單詞)。40.A本段介紹的是密碼書(shū),根據(jù)空后的轉(zhuǎn)折可知,此處該選A(沒(méi)有密碼書(shū)是很難破解密碼的)。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘6Passage 22016丙卷(全國(guó)) Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 16 But it seems that many people dont cook fi

45、sh at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 17 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 18Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel

46、that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh.19 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fis

47、h isnt as tasty as the fresh one. 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘7 There are many common methods used to cook fish. 20 First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will

48、 take more time.) Then, its ready to serve. 試題分析本篇七選五的體裁為說(shuō)明文,詞數(shù)193,文章主要介紹了一些買(mǎi)魚(yú)和烹制魚(yú)的常識(shí)。內(nèi)容難易適中,易于學(xué)生做題。文章為總分結(jié)構(gòu):第一段:導(dǎo)入話題Buying, storing, and cooking fish。第二段:如何買(mǎi)魚(yú)、如何儲(chǔ)存魚(yú)確保魚(yú)比較新鮮好吃。第三段:如何烹制魚(yú),講了清蒸魚(yú)的方法。 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)考情全揭秘8 詞匯詳解season v. to add salt, pepper, etc. to food in order to give it more flavour加

49、調(diào)料調(diào)味I believe in seasoning food before putting it on the table.我認(rèn)為在把食物端上餐桌前應(yīng)該先調(diào)味。 A.Do not buy it.B.The easiest is to steam it.C.This is how you can do it.D.It just requires a little knowledge.E.The fish will go bad within hours.F.When buying fish, you should first smell it.G.The fats in fish are th

50、ought to help prevent heart disease.返回目錄 高考幫英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 七選五考情全揭秘9【答案與解析】本文向大家介紹了如何用簡(jiǎn)單的方法購(gòu)買(mǎi)和烹制魚(yú)。16.G考查與首句語(yǔ)意的一致性。由第16空后的句意表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知,轉(zhuǎn)折前的句子在語(yǔ)意上應(yīng)該保持一致,即說(shuō)明吃魚(yú)對(duì)健康的益處。故選G。17.D考查句子的承上啟下作用。空前一句提到對(duì)魚(yú)的選購(gòu)、儲(chǔ)存和烹制并不困難,空后一句講本文是關(guān)于如何以一種簡(jiǎn)單的方式購(gòu)買(mǎi)和烹制魚(yú)的,故選D這只需要一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)知識(shí)就能做好。18.F考查主題句。段落的支撐細(xì)節(jié)始終圍繞主題句展開(kāi),本段中第二、三句圍繞如何通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)來(lái)鑒別魚(yú)是否新鮮,因此可以判斷F項(xiàng)正確。19.A考查段落中句子間語(yǔ)意的連貫性和代詞的正確使用。第19空前提到,濃烈的氣味說(shuō)明魚(yú)已不新鮮,故不能買(mǎi)這種魚(yú)。據(jù)此可知A項(xiàng)正確。20.B考查段落中句子間語(yǔ)意的連貫性。本段的主題為如何烹制魚(yú),下文講到了烹制魚(yú)的步驟:首先,洗凈魚(yú);其次,添加調(diào)料;最后,將裝有魚(yú)的盤(pán)子放入蒸鍋中,蒸8至10分鐘即可食用(以重約為一磅的魚(yú)為例)。故選B項(xiàng)最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是蒸。