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1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)u定義定義: 用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)詞的 在語(yǔ)法上叫定語(yǔ)從句。這個(gè)被修飾的詞叫。定語(yǔ)從句須放在被修飾詞的。u分類(lèi)：分類(lèi)：定語(yǔ)從句分為和。明顯的區(qū)別是的前面有逗號(hào)，但在意思上這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句與主句；而與主句不可分割。句子句子先行詞先行詞后面后面限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句聯(lián)系不緊密，可以分割聯(lián)系不緊密，可以分割限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞修飾成分（從句）省略whichthatwhowhomwhose物物人、物人、物人人人人人、物人、物主、賓語(yǔ)主、賓語(yǔ)主、賓語(yǔ)主、賓語(yǔ)主、賓語(yǔ)主、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)在從句中作

2、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略u(píng)連接詞：連接詞：關(guān)系副詞修飾成分（從句）省略whenwherewhy表時(shí)間的名詞表時(shí)間的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞reason在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，從句不能缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，從句不能缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不可省略不可省略u(píng)that與與which:用用that或或which 填空：填空：1. Theres much _ can be said about it.2. Thats the very word _ is wrongly used.3. Is this the room in _ Mr White lives?4. This is the third

3、 film _ that has been shown in our school this term.5. The most important thing _ should be done now is how to stop him from going on.6. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two _ are still alive.7. Her mother was dead, _ made her very sad.8. Here is the

4、English grammar _, as I have told you, will help improve your English.9. Let me show you the novel _ I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us.10.The writer and his novel _ you have just talked about are really well known. thatthatwhichthatthatthatwhichwhichthat/whichwhich/thatthatConclusio

5、n:以下情況只用which:1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。2. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)。4. 當(dāng)一個(gè)表物的先行名詞后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，且第一個(gè)已用that。以下情況只用that:1. 被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one。2. 先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, just, very 修飾時(shí)。3. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。4. 先行詞為基數(shù)詞時(shí)。5. 先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。6.

6、 先行詞既有人又有物。7. 前已有which。uthat 、who與與whom用用that 、who或或whom填空填空:1. The person I want to learn from is one _ studies hard and works well.2. Theres a gentleman _ wants to see you.3. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon _ could speak Chinese very well.4. The student that was praised at yester

7、days meeting is the monitor _ is very modest and works very hard.5. I think one should stay faithful to the person to _ one is married.Conclusion:以下情況只能用who: 先行詞為one, ones, anyone, those 指人時(shí)。 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)為人時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句宜用who。 表人的先行詞有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)。 表人的先行詞帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)的關(guān)系代詞為that，另一個(gè)用who 避免重復(fù)。以下情況只能用whom:當(dāng)關(guān)系

8、代詞前面有介詞時(shí)。whowhowhowhowhomuwhose用正確的形式填空：用正確的形式填空：1. This is the girl _ wallet was stolen yesterday.2. This is the girl _ the wallet was stolen yesterday.3. I like the book _ cover is red.4. I like the book _ the cover is red.of whomwhosewhoseof whichConclusion:1. whose既可指人又可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，其后緊跟名詞。2. whos

9、e +表人的名詞of whom + the + 表人的名詞whose +表物的名詞of which + the + 表物的名詞u介詞關(guān)系代詞介詞關(guān)系代詞用正確的介詞關(guān)系代詞填空：用正確的介詞關(guān)系代詞填空：1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.2. His walking-stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.3. The knife, _ we use to cut the bread, is very sharp.4. I dont

10、 think the number of people _ this happens is very large.Conclusion:如何判斷是否需要介詞或怎樣選擇介詞：1. 當(dāng)從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可考慮用介詞關(guān)系代詞。2. 當(dāng)確定用介詞關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，介詞的選用可考慮與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配或與先行名詞的搭配。to whomwithout whichwith whichto whomuwhen、where與與why用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空：1. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.2. Is this the

11、 school _ you visited last week?3. I always remember the time _ we spent together.4. The hospital _ her mother is working is in the west.5. He refused to give a reason _ we all demanded, though.6. I know the reason _ she got so angry.Conclusion:1. 當(dāng)先行名詞為表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因（reason）的名詞時(shí)，如果從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用whe

12、n, where, why， 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的介詞+which。2. 常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：work, happen, stay, live, lie, stand, sit, go, come, fly, run, arrive, laugh, fall, hesitate, last, belong, step; 而visit, spend 為及物動(dòng)詞。 when/ on whichthat/ whichthat/ whichwhere/ in whichthat/ whichwhy/ for which用用when, where 或介詞或介詞+關(guān)系代詞填空，并判斷下面從句的類(lèi)型：關(guān)系代詞填

13、空，并判斷下面從句的類(lèi)型：1. These books are for the students _ native language is not English.（ ）2. We will put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better. （ ）3. He has reached the point _ a change is needed. （ ）4. We havent yet settled the question _ we are going to spend our summer vacation.

14、Maybe Beijing is our best choice. （ ）5. Put in articles in the following passages _ it is necessary. （ ）6. We will put on a performance to celebrate the coming of National Day tomorrow, _ we have finished class. （ ） 7. I have no idea _ I d better visit Mr. Smith tomorrow, who is an American and has

15、a different view of time. （ ）8. This is the teacher _ we have learnt a lot. （ ）9. The film _ Im speaking is to be shown at the cinema next week. （ ）定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句whosewhen/ during whichwhere/ at whichwherewherewhenwhenfrom whomof which定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句Con

16、clusion:當(dāng)主句完整，從句不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)：1. 如果從句前有可以修飾的名詞，并且此先行名詞為： 表地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間的名詞 從句為由where或when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)可等于 相應(yīng)的介詞+which question/ problem/ idea 從句為疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句 其它名詞，并且引導(dǎo)詞后緊接一個(gè)與先行名詞構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系 從句為由whose或of whom/ which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 其它名詞 從句為由介詞+關(guān)系代詞whom/which 的定語(yǔ)從句2. 如果從句前沒(méi)有可修飾的名詞，則可考慮從句為狀語(yǔ)從句。 u as1. Such ideas _ he thinks of ar

17、e worthless. A. that B. as 2. I saw the same dress in the store _ she had on the day before. A. that B. as 3. I found the same pen _ I had lost the day before. A. that B. as4. He was late again, _ we had expected. A. as B. which5. The street hasnt been cleaned for weeks, _ makes it very dirty. A. as

18、 B. whichConclusion:1. as 用于用于the same as, suchas的句型中。但的句型中。但the same as指的是與先行詞同類(lèi)的事物，而指的是與先行詞同類(lèi)的事物，而the samethat指的是指的是 與先行詞同一的事物。與先行詞同一的事物。2. As還可以修飾一個(gè)主句。常譯為還可以修飾一個(gè)主句。常譯為“正如正如”,已形成了一些固定已形成了一些固定 搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如：搭配，可放在主句之前或之后。如：as we all know, as is known to all, as we all see, as is often said, as wa

19、s usual, as is expected, as is reported, as is hoped 。而。而which也可修飾也可修飾 一個(gè)句子，但必須放在主句之后，和主句形成因果關(guān)系。一個(gè)句子，但必須放在主句之后，和主句形成因果關(guān)系。1. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.2. I arrived here the day _ he left.3. He worked hard the whole time _he lived.4. He hurried into the airport the moment _ the plane was

20、about to take off.(in which/ that)(when/ that)(when/ that)(when/ that)Conclusion:1. 當(dāng)先行詞為way時(shí)，定于從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用in which, that或 省略引導(dǎo)詞。2. that 有時(shí)可代替when,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表示時(shí)間的 名詞，如day, time, moment等。 用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1. I , who _ (be) a student, work hard at my study.2. He takes exercise everyday, which _ (do

21、) a lot of good to his health.3. This is one of the most wonderful novels that _ _ (publish) since 1990.4. He is the only one of the teachers who _ (know) French in our school.Conclusion:1. 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果關(guān)系代詞 在從句中作主語(yǔ)，定于從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與它所修飾 的名詞保持一致。2. 如果先行名詞為一個(gè)句子，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)

22、構(gòu)后面的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。但the (only) one of the +復(fù)數(shù)名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)后面的 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。amdoeshave been publishedknows單句改錯(cuò)。下列句子每句只有一處錯(cuò)誤。單句改錯(cuò)。下列句子每句只有一處錯(cuò)誤。1. Some of the boys I invited them didnt come. _2. Those who has finished may leave the classroom. _3. Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth. _4. The hou

23、se where he lives in needs repairing. _themhashaveeat whoinConclusion:1. 在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ)。2. 把定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式弄錯(cuò)。3. 省略了定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。4. 定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的介詞。概念各種連接詞的具體用法定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法定語(yǔ)從句的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤定義定義分類(lèi)分類(lèi)連接詞連接詞that與與whichwho、that與與whomWhose介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞when、where與與whyas先行名詞為先行名詞為waythat替代替代when在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ)。在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ)。把定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式弄錯(cuò)。把定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式弄錯(cuò)。省略了定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。省略了定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的介詞。定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的介詞。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句