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1、高二英語(yǔ)選修8 unit 1 A land of diversity導(dǎo)學(xué)案Period4 Grammar一The Noun Clauses (名詞性從句)名詞性從句在句子中起金詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)o名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句(Subject Clause)賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause) 表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)和同位語(yǔ)從句(AppositiveClause一.預(yù)習(xí)自測(cè)說(shuō)出劃線(xiàn)部分是什么從句Who will win the m

2、atch is still unknown. ()I want to know what he has told you.()The fact is that we have lost the game. ()The news that we won the game is exciting. ()二.合作探究閱讀主語(yǔ)從句部分并體會(huì)主語(yǔ)從句的用法：合作探究一：.主語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)叫主語(yǔ)從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：連接詞：that(無(wú)詞義)whether (是否)That he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not

3、 makes no difference.連接代詞:who(ever) /whom/ what(ever)/ which(ever) / whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.連接副詞：when / where/ how/ whyWhen and where the test will be given is not decided注意:1.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞是不能省略的。例如：That the earth is round istrue.2. That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that.從句置于句末，例

4、如:It is true that the earth is round.結(jié)構(gòu)：a. It + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that.有必要.It is important that重要的是.It is obvious that很明顯b. It + be + pp.+ that-從句It is believed that人們相信 It is known to all that從所周知 It has beendecided that. .己決定c. It + be +名詞 + that-從句It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) It i

5、s a surprise that. 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that.事實(shí)是d. It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that.分句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2. 表示“是否，噫義時(shí)，一般用whether而不用if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，Whether she will come or not is still a question3. 有時(shí)可用形式主語(yǔ)it代替主語(yǔ)從句：e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not .It has no

6、t been decided yet when they will start.4. 從句做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet.注意：以what開(kāi)始的主語(yǔ)從句如果后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，系動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens.四當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)：練一練！l.It is obvious to the studentsthey should get well prepared for their future.A. asB. which C. wh

7、ether D. that2. wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.A. Anyone B. The one C. WhoeverD. Who3.1t is not immediately clearthe Hnancial crisis will soon be over.A. since B. what C.whenD. whetherleaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. WhoeverD. Whothe spo

8、rts meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. Thatis a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It合作探究二賓語(yǔ)從句：一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)就叫賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞：that(無(wú)詞義)/ whether / ife.g. I dont know whether (if)ynu are willing to help me .連接代詞：w

9、hat(ever)/ who(ever)/ whose/ which(ever)等連接副詞：when where how why 等特別提示1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些詞或詞組如 hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like, appreciate, take(認(rèn)為),relyon, dont mind等，習(xí)慣上后面跟it做形式賓語(yǔ)，再接套語(yǔ)從句。I take it that you will agree with us.3. 在接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的

10、句子中，為了保持句子平衡，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將從句放在句尾。常帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的食語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如insist, order, request, suggest等。I suggested that we (should) start before 5 o clock.5. 必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if:1) .從句后有 or not 時(shí),不可用 if;I dont know whe

11、ther he will come or not.2) .介詞賓語(yǔ)通常用 whether 引導(dǎo):It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的賓語(yǔ)從句解釋為是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5.必須用whether引導(dǎo)，不可用if:1) .從句后有 or not 時(shí),不

12、可用 if:I doif t know whether he will come or not .2) .介詞賓語(yǔ)通常用 whether 引導(dǎo) It depends on whether he is coming or not.3) .后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4) .discuss后面的賓語(yǔ)從句解釋為是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation, and discuss whether you should do something atonce5）主語(yǔ)從句放在句首Whethe

13、r we stay or not makes no difference.6）表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句The question is whether we can get there on time .7）當(dāng)it做形式主語(yǔ)whether / if都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.6. 用 who, whom, which（ever）, whose,when,what（ever）, where, why, how, whoever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序（

14、特殊疑問(wèn)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，be也是動(dòng)詞）Do you know how old he is? I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We don5t think you are

15、here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。如果主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)反意疑問(wèn)句常與從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；其他情況看主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to Australia, has she?我認(rèn)為她沒(méi)去澳大利亞，是嗎？I dont believe that he can translate this book, ?She thinks that her husband is the best one in theteam, ?doubt問(wèn)題1.1 doubt if / whether he w

16、ill pass the exam.肯定句中用 if / whether2.1 dont doubt that we will win the match.否定句中用 that3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 一般疑問(wèn)句中用 that1.1 doubthe is telling the truth.2. We never doubtthe plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt you are from Austria?4.Im doubtfulhe will agree to this.合作探究

17、三：賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：(1) 當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??；(2) 當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省掉。(3)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.四.當(dāng)堂檢測(cè):1. He askedfor a violin.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. ho

18、w much did I pay D. howmuch I paid2. It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to doit takes to save herlife.A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever4. The true value of life

19、is not in, butA. which we get; what give weB. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know.A. how she is getting alongB. how is she getting alongC. what she is getting alongD. what is she getting along6. I

20、 dont doubt hell come. A. that B. if C. what D.whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.連接代詞：A. if B. where C. whether D. that合作探究三:表語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)就叫表語(yǔ)從句.連接詞：that/whether/as if/as though/becausewho/whom/what/which/whose連接副詞：when/where/how/whyThe problem is th

21、at I am short of money. The question is how we can eet there .It looks as if it is coine to rain.特別提醒1. 主句的主語(yǔ)是ad vice,suggestion,order, request等名詞時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)要虛擬。His suggestion is that we (should) go now.2. 主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句常用that；若表原因用because,表結(jié)果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He

22、forgot it. That was why he didnt call me.He didn*t call me. That was because he forgot it.what與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別：what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等.that在句子中只起連接作用，沒(méi)有意義.(1) Whvt you said yesterday is right.(2) That the earth coes aroand the sun is well-known to everybody.四. 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè)：l. What the doctors rea

23、lly doubt ismy mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. why2.1 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. why B. what C. when D. where3. she couldnt understand wasfewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What; wh

24、y B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that4. The true value of life is not in, but.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we giveC. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to knowA. how she is getting along B. how is she g

25、etting alongC. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6.1 dont doubthell come.A that B. if C what D. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A. if B. where C. whether D. that1. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2. I donft

26、 know where has he cone.3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter wes.規(guī)律一：名詞從句中須使用陳述語(yǔ)4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.規(guī)律二：注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用！問(wèn)題：此類(lèi)虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些關(guān)鍵詞？( )五. 總結(jié)提升：典型錯(cuò)誤及歸納找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：7. If we will have

27、 a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not.規(guī)律三：4種情況只能用whether : (1)位于句子開(kāi)頭；(2)前面有介詞；3)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；(4)與or not連用。找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤，并總結(jié)出規(guī)律：1.1 think that w

28、orthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such ashort time.4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not規(guī)律四：主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句在適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下可以借助“it”而后置。問(wèn)題：想想看是什么“適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r”？Homework:Exxl ,2,3 on p.5 and Exxl,2 on p.49.