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1、Part 1 Of 21. come true 指愿望實(shí)現(xiàn),預(yù)言成真,不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) His wish to be an actor has come true. 他想當(dāng)演員的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 與come true 同義的有realize, 但它是及物動(dòng)詞,可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。She worked hard to realize her dream.她為了實(shí)現(xiàn)她的夢(mèng)想而努力工作。2. cause, reason與excuse 三個(gè)詞都可以作名詞，cause是自然造成某種結(jié)果的原因；reason指在事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上通過(guò)邏輯判斷出來(lái)的理由，常與for短語(yǔ)連用；excuse表示“辯解，借口”，指為某一行為所做

2、的解釋?zhuān)梢允钦娴?，也可以是托詞。make up an excuse 編造一個(gè)借口Too much work is no excuse for not studying.工作太多并不是不學(xué)習(xí)的借口。Heart trouble is one of the most serious causes of death among old people.心臟病是導(dǎo)致老年人死亡的最重要的原因之一。(不用reason)The reason (why) I was absent yesterday is that I was sick.我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。(不用cause)We have no rea

3、son to disbelieve him.我們沒(méi)有理由不相信他。(不用cause)cause可用作動(dòng)詞，cause trouble to/for peoplecause people trouble表示“給人帶來(lái)麻煩”， cause the patient much pain(使病人感到疼痛)，也可用 cause sb. to do這一結(jié)構(gòu)。The drought caused the vegetable prices to go up.干旱使得蔬菜價(jià)格上漲。reason可以作動(dòng)詞，意為“推理，推論，評(píng)理，勸說(shuō)”。1. 起火的原因是不謹(jǐn)慎。The _ of the fire was care

4、lessness.2. 那些植物死于何種原因？What _ the plants _ die?3. 我的電腦給我?guī)?lái)很多麻煩。My computer has _.4. 我遲到的原因是誤了車(chē)。_ Im late is that I missed the bus.【答案】1. cause2. caused; to3. caused me a lot of troubles4. The reason why3. affect v. 影響,作用；感動(dòng) The climate affected his health. 氣候影響了他的健康。 effect n. 結(jié)果,影響,效果 請(qǐng)比較以下兩句：How d

5、o you think the changes will affect you?你認(rèn)為這些變化會(huì)如何影響你？What effect do you think the changes will have on you?你認(rèn)為這些變化會(huì)給你帶來(lái)怎樣的影響？1. 這個(gè)悲慘的消息使他非常難過(guò)。He _ by the sad news.2. 老師說(shuō)的一定會(huì)對(duì)我們的將來(lái)有很大影響。What the teacher said will _ our future.3. 我們的努力開(kāi)始見(jiàn)效了。Our efforts are beginning _.4. 下周開(kāi)始實(shí)行新的管制。New controls _ nex

6、t week.【答案】1. was much affected2. have a great effect on3. to have / take an effect4. will bring into effect 4. offer vt. 提供,提出某物供考慮;出價(jià)offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物offer sth. for =offer for sth. 給某物開(kāi)出了的價(jià)錢(qián),某物要價(jià)offer to do 自愿提出幫忙、資助、要求等offer ones hand 伸出手和某人握手offer ones hand in marriage 向女子

7、求婚She offered a reward for the return of her lost necklace.她為尋回遺失的項(xiàng)鏈提出以酬金答謝。She has offered 10,000 pounds for that house.她已經(jīng)出價(jià)10,000英鎊買(mǎi)那棟房子。 He always offers to help the others. 他總是樂(lè)意幫助別人。 Mother came towards me, smiled and offered her hand. 母親走向我，微笑著并且伸出她的手。n. 開(kāi)出的價(jià)錢(qián),如：a special offer。1. 美國(guó)有份工作要聘請(qǐng)我去

8、做。 _2. 他出300美元買(mǎi)我那臺(tái)電腦。 _I have been offered a job in America.He offered me 300 dollars for that computer.5. feel like 想(干某事),愿意(做某事) 后面常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式,不能接不定式, 此處like是介詞,不是動(dòng)詞。 I dont feel like swimming very much today. 今天我不太想游泳。除feel like doing sth.以外,還可以用以下結(jié)構(gòu)表示“愿意干”：would like to do sth. 愿意做某事 would like后

9、面常接不定式,不接動(dòng)名詞。 I would like to have a talk with you. 我想和你談?wù)剋ould prefer to do 接不定式 I would prefer to study alone home than study in groups. 我寧愿自己?jiǎn)为?dú)在家學(xué)習(xí)也不愿進(jìn)行小組學(xué)習(xí)。 6. suggest v.建議；表明；暗示suggest作建議講時(shí)后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或that從句，that從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should動(dòng)詞原形(should可以省略)；向某人建議某事用“suggest sth. to sb.”。I suggested putting off t

10、he sports meet.我建議將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期。當(dāng)suggest表示“說(shuō)明，表明，暗示”時(shí)，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。His expression suggests that he didnt sleep well last night.他的臉色說(shuō)明他昨晚沒(méi)睡好。名詞suggestion后的表示具體建議內(nèi)容的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句以及It is suggested that的that從句都應(yīng)用should動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。My suggestion is that the work should be started at once.我的建議是立即動(dòng)工。1. 他向我們建議用另外一種方式來(lái)處理

11、這個(gè)問(wèn)題。He suggested to us that _ the problem another way.2. 有人建議我們?cè)谕頃?huì)上演一個(gè)短劇。_ we put on a short play at the party. 【答案】1. we should deal with2. Its suggested that7. be situated on / in, be located in / on與lie in 以上三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表示“某物位于位置”。 Guangdong is situated in the south of China. Guangdong is located in th

12、e south of China. Guangdong lies in the south of China. 關(guān)于地理位置的表達(dá),不同的方位用不同的介詞,以下就常用介詞進(jìn)行講解：介詞 in, on, to都可以用來(lái)表示某個(gè)位置的方向,它們的意義不同,故表示的方向及范圍也不同： in表示方位,含義是“在之內(nèi)”,即一個(gè)小地方處在一個(gè)大地方的范圍(疆域)之內(nèi)。Inner Mongolia lies in the north of China. 內(nèi)蒙古在中國(guó)的北部。(內(nèi)蒙古是中國(guó)北部的一個(gè)省份,是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土,在中國(guó)的疆域之內(nèi)。)on表示方位,含義是“在端/邊”,即一個(gè)地方在另一個(gè)地方的某一端或某一邊

13、,兩個(gè)地方只是相鄰或接壤,互不管轄。Canada is on the north of America. 加拿大在美國(guó)的北邊。(加拿大與美國(guó)在地理位置上是連在一起的,即兩者相鄰,卻互不管轄) 表示某個(gè)地方的地理位置時(shí),be situated, lie 以及 be located 的意義是一樣的,可以互換使用。 to表示方位,含義是“在面”,即一個(gè)地方在另一個(gè)地方的范圍之外,互不管轄。尤其當(dāng)兩個(gè)地方相隔較遠(yuǎn),且有湖泊、大海等區(qū)域相隔時(shí),通常用 to。Greenland is to the northeast of Canada. 格陵蘭島在加拿大的東北面。(格陵蘭島在加拿大范圍之外,且有戴維斯海峽分隔。)