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1、Unit 1 A land of diversity Grammar The Noun Clauses名詞性從句名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為可分別稱為主語從句主語從句(Subject Clause)、賓語從句、賓語從句(Object Clause

2、)、表語從句、表語從句(Predicative Clause) 和同位語從句和同位語從句(Appositive ClauseWho will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句 Subject Clause (主語從句) Object Clause (賓語從句)

3、Noun clause Predicative Clause (表語從句) 主語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語叫主語從句。e.g. That the earth is round is true . Whether she will come or not is still a question . What you are doing seems very difficult . When they will start has not been decided yet . 1.引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞是不能省略的。引導(dǎo)主語從句的連詞是不能省略的。 That the earth is round

4、is trueThat-從句作主語通常用從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例從句置于句末，例如：如：It is true that the earth is round.Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真你非走不可真是件憾事。是件憾事。2.表示表示“是否是否”意義時，一般用意義時，一般用whether 而不用而不用 if引導(dǎo)主語從句，引導(dǎo)主語從句， Whether she will come or not is still a question .但如果有形式主語但如果有形式主語 it引導(dǎo)時，既可

5、用引導(dǎo)時，既可用 whether，也可用，也可用 if。 e.g. It is still a question if she will come or not .3.有時可用形式主語有時可用形式主語it 代替主語從句：代替主語從句： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .用用it作形式主語的作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a.It + be +形容詞形容詞+ tha

6、t-從句從句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明顯很明顯b. It + be + -ed 分詞分詞+ that-從句從句It is believed that人們相信人們相信It is known to all that從所周知從所周知It has been decided that 已決定已決定c. It + be +名詞名詞+ that-從句從句It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識It is a surprise that令人驚奇的是令人驚奇

7、的是It is a fact that事實是事實是d. It +不及物動詞不及物動詞+ that-分句分句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The ma

8、tter練一練！練一練！ what與與that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別: what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語如主語,賓語賓語,表語表語,表示表示的的.而而that則不然則不然,它在句它在句子中只起連接作用子中只起連接作用,沒有意義沒有意義. (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That the earth goes around the sun is well-known to everybody. 3. _ leaves the room last ought to

9、turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. ThisC. That D. It6. When and why he came here _ yet. A .

10、is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 7. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 3. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that

11、D. how 賓語從句賓語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語就叫賓語從句。一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語就叫賓語從句。e.g. Do you know where he is ? Im glad (that )you have passed the exam . I dont know whether (if)you are willing to help me . I m sorry for what I have said. 我為我說的話表示歉意。我為我說的話表示歉意。特別提示特別提示1.由連接詞由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在

12、口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的第二個分句前的that不可省。不可省。2.下列賓語從句下列賓語從句 必須用必須用whether 引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)， 不可用不可用if: a.從句后有從句后有ornot時，不可用時，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not . b.介詞賓語通常用介詞賓語通常用 whether 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo): It depends on whether he is coming or not . 這要看他是否會來。這要看他是否會來。 c. 后接動詞不定式時。

13、后接動詞不定式時。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴你能否告訴我是去還是留？我是去還是留？ 3. 用用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的的賓語從句賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語陳述語序序。 Do you know how old he is?I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴

14、了你我想知道他告訴了你什么。什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。想怎樣能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引起的否定性賓等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲姓Z從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲?。例如：的?/p>

15、定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。我相信他不會這樣做。1.He asked _ for a violin（MET1992） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET19

16、97) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before. A .that B. how C .what D. where 4. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _ up to be during the past few years. A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter g

17、row C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown5. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B.

18、 what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give7. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 8. Do you know _? A. how many populati

19、ons there are in the world? B. how much population there is in the world C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is9. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether10. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. wher

20、e C. whether D. thatIf depends on _ we will be ready in time. A. whether B. that C. if D. when表語從句表語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語就叫表語從句一個句子在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語就叫表語從句. 表語從句放表語從句放在連系動詞后，如：在連系動詞后，如：be，seem,remain等，有時等，有時用用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞系動詞 + that從句。從句。 e.g. The problem is that I am short of money. China is

21、 no longer what she used to be . The question is how we can get there . It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了?？瓷先ヌ煲掠炅恕?特別提醒特別提醒1. 表語從句中的時態(tài)不受主句的限制表語從句中的時態(tài)不受主句的限制.2. 表語從句是不用表語從句是不用 if 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的,要用要用whether.主語是主語是reason時，表語從句常用時，表語從句常用that，不用，不用because. The reason for his absence was that he was i

22、ll.1.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon（上海2001年春季招生） A. when B. how C. whether D. why 2.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. - Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where 3. _ she couldnt understand was

23、 _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 4. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 5. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that6. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be7.The problem is_ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C./ D. that