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1、短文填空知識(shí)清單k、 考占分析短文填空要求考生根據(jù)所給短文內(nèi)容考查考生對(duì)短文的理解和詞 匯的掌握情況。主要測(cè)試?yán)斫饽芰驮~匯的運(yùn)用能力?？疾閮?nèi)容一般涉 及以下方面：1 .對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的判斷短文填空的題材多樣，包括幽默故事、人物傳記、科普小品、新聞 報(bào)道、歷史文化、人生哲理等。有的貼近學(xué)生生活實(shí)際，能激發(fā)學(xué)生的 學(xué)習(xí)熱情，啟發(fā)他們的思維。有的介紹最新的科研動(dòng)態(tài)和科研成果等特 點(diǎn)、用途等。有的講述人生哲理,給人以啟迪。2 .對(duì)詞性、單詞適當(dāng)形式和短文內(nèi)容的判斷短文填空的考查形式主要以選詞填空、首字母填空為主,兼顧中文 提示和單詞的適當(dāng)形式。單詞的適當(dāng)形式有名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，時(shí)態(tài)和 語(yǔ)態(tài)和非謂語(yǔ)形式以

2、及選擇句子填空。難度較大的是根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成 短文。答題時(shí)，可以適當(dāng)參考閱讀理解的解題步驟和技巧。3 .對(duì)其他方面的判斷。短文填空對(duì)其他方面的判斷出現(xiàn)的頻率較低，多數(shù)文章不設(shè)此類題 目。主要是在解題時(shí)，考生了解其要點(diǎn)或未盡事宜，以便判斷文章內(nèi)容或 來(lái)源，以便推測(cè)前后可能出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容；這就要求考生對(duì)文章有更深層次的理解。1 .閱讀原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。先通讀原文，捕捉文中所提供 的信息,抓住文章內(nèi)容概略,理解短文的大意和理清全文脈絡(luò)。2 .審讀題目、找出相關(guān)依據(jù)判斷。讀懂短文內(nèi)容后再審讀題目，把 握每個(gè)待判定句子的含義，通過(guò)尋讀法在原文中找出與每個(gè)問(wèn)題相關(guān)的 段落與詞句,然后依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容對(duì)試題

3、所給出的句子進(jìn)行是非判斷。3 .重讀短文，逐題復(fù)檢、核查無(wú)誤。完成正誤判斷后必須將短文重 讀一遍，加深對(duì)短文的理解，在此基礎(chǔ)上再對(duì)每一道題進(jìn)行復(fù)查,對(duì)有些 似是而非的句子,一定要重新認(rèn)真識(shí)別。尤其對(duì)于深層理解的句子,原文 沒(méi)有提供直接或間接的答案，我們應(yīng)仔細(xì)斟酌，復(fù)讀文章，敲定最后答 案。提分策略怎么做好短文填空是考生復(fù)習(xí)最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。短文填空盡管以不同 的形式出現(xiàn)，但是解題時(shí)卻有很多相同之處。解題時(shí)需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):1 .通讀全文，弄清短文大意。越過(guò)空格,通讀全文，通過(guò)掌握的基本常識(shí)和邏輯思維了解文章的 大意,理清文章的脈絡(luò)，同時(shí)還要注意某些與空格有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵信息，為填 寫空格打好基礎(chǔ)。2 .

4、復(fù)讀短文，運(yùn)用技巧，前后照應(yīng)，確定答案。掌握了短文的大意之后，答題時(shí)就有把握了。然后再根據(jù)文中前后 信息，確定正確的答案。根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)判斷所填詞是什么詞類。根據(jù)上下文判斷所填寫的單詞用什么形式（動(dòng)詞涉及時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等；形容詞和副詞涉及比較級(jí)等；名詞涉及單復(fù)數(shù);數(shù)詞分基 數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞等等）。注意同義詞語(yǔ)、形容詞與副詞等之間的區(qū)別。還要注意某些特殊的語(yǔ)法要求和結(jié)構(gòu)。3 .復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏。答案基本確定之后，我們還要再次閱讀全文，認(rèn)真檢查是否存在疏 漏,意義是否連貫,語(yǔ)法是否有誤,是否符合邏輯,是否存在拼寫錯(cuò)誤等。 由于考試時(shí)間有限，很多同學(xué)答題時(shí)比較快，往往做完后不進(jìn)行仔細(xì)檢

5、查，于是會(huì)出現(xiàn)不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的錯(cuò)誤,這樣就把不該丟掉的分?jǐn)?shù)丟掉了，非 常可惜。例1（2014北京）閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白 處的最佳選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peter lost his friends book, He felt very sad. Kate broke her moms favorite cup. She was so sorry for her mistake.We all make mistake because were human. And its not always easy to get on well with everyo

6、ne all the time. Sometimes we hurt peoples feelings although we dont do it on purpose. Sometimes we hurt peoples feelings on purpose. 2 So we apologize（il 歉）.An apology tells someone that were sorry for our mistakes. Its a way to show that we 11 try to do better in future.Apologies are one of the to

7、ols to build good friendships and relationships. When you say T m sorryv , you probably feel bad because what you did or said hurt another person. 3 ,youre also saying that you respect the other person, and care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows you have empathy（同感）.After apologizing, you

8、 might feel a little better 4 When you apologize in a caring way, you might feel good because you are trying to make things right again.A. Then she criedB. But we feel bad laterC. When you say “ I am sorryMD. And you want to return his bookE. The other person will probably feel better,too本文主要說(shuō)明人都是會(huì)犯

9、錯(cuò)的，但是我們要學(xué)會(huì)為 錯(cuò)誤道歉,道歉是一種表明將來(lái)會(huì)做得更好的方式，也是維持友誼的工 具。4 A B C E例2 （2014 江蘇鎮(zhèn)江 56、60）Brazil is the biggest country in South America, where the 2014 World Cup is being held now. The name Brazil comes from a tree named Brazilwood. Its beautiful landscape, various cultural events and delicious food make it a gre

10、at travelling place. However, what makes it more famous is football. It has won the World Cup five times.Christ the Redeemer一World WonderAs one of the New Seven Wonders and an icon of Brazil, Christ the Redeemer is a famous statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro. It stands 30 metres tall and its a

11、rms stretch to a width of 28 metres.Carnival一Cultural FestivalAs BraziT s best known festival, Carnival （嘉年華）is 46 days before the Easter and lasts about 5 days. Nowadays, the most famous Carnivals celebration is held in Rio de Janeiro, where thousands of people wearing masks and colourful costumes

12、dance samba to the sound of drums and music.Acaraje一Local FoodMade from black-eyed peas that are rolled into balls and then fried, acaraje is a popular street food and beach snack with a long history in Brazil. It is usually filled with fruit,peanuts and egg.閱讀以上信息,用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下面的短文,每空一詞。Brazil is the bi

13、ggest country in South America. It has one of the worlds New Seven Wonders, Christ the Redeemer. Its 1 is 30 metres and its arms stretch to a width of 28 metres. Carnival, BraziT s best known festival, is 2 by people dancing samba with masks and colourful costumes. Local food acaraje is popular amon

14、g people. It is in the 3 of a ball and its main material is black-eyed peas. As we know, much more 4 is always being paid to its football than to its landscape, cultural events and food. Now Brazil is 5 the 2014 World Cup. Many football fans must be crazy about watching the matches these days.I本篇文章是

15、一篇應(yīng)用文。文章通過(guò)表格的形式介紹了巴西的諸多情況:它是2014年世界杯的舉辦國(guó)，巴西國(guó)家名字的由來(lái) 及其在往屆世界杯參賽中取得的成就；巴西耶穌雕像一一新世界七大奇 跡之一；巴西的嘉年華狂歡節(jié)；巴西當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厣〕砸灰籄carajeo【答案】1. height 解析:根據(jù)第二個(gè)表格句子 a It stands 30 metres talln 可知Christ the Redeemer的高度為30米,注意此處要用名詞height 形式。2. celebrated 解析：根據(jù)第三個(gè)表格中的句子“Nowadays, the most famous CarnivaT s celebration is h

16、eld in Rio de Janeiro, where thousands of people wearing masks and colourful costumes dance samba.”可知嘉年華狂歡節(jié)被那些跳桑巴舞的人們慶祝，根據(jù)本句中 的關(guān)鍵詞by people可知句子應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。3. shape/form 解析：根據(jù)第四個(gè)表格中的句子“Made from black-eyed peas that are rolled into balls” 可知 Acaraje 被軋制成球形。所 以可知Acaraje在外形或形式上是一個(gè)球狀物。4. attention 解析：根據(jù)第一個(gè)表

17、格中的句子“However, what makes it more famous is football. n可知在巴西比起文化、食物等人們更加注 意足球。pay attention to意為“注意”，該句運(yùn)用了它的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形 式。5. holding/hosting解析：根據(jù)第一個(gè)表格中的句子“Brazil is the biggest country in South America, where the 2014 World Cup is being held now,可知現(xiàn)在巴西正在舉辦2014年世界杯。舉辦可以用hold 或host來(lái)表示，同時(shí)句子要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練Passag

18、e 1閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，在短文空白處填入 一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使短文內(nèi)容完整、通順。In American schools there is something called Homecoming Day. Many high schools and colleges w a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most i 2 event of the year except graduation or commencement （畢業(yè)典禮）day. Students plan homecoming d

19、ay for many weeks in advance（預(yù)先）.Several days before Homecoming, students start to decorate （裝 筑j） the school. There are songs to wish luck to the team, and many- other signs to welcome all the g 3 . Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after t 4 graduation.The members of scho

20、ol clubs build booths（攤位） and s 5 lemonade, apples and sandwiches. Some clubs help to w 6 visitors.During the day people like to look for teachers that they r 7 from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.Everyone soon comes to watch the footbal

21、l game. When the game is half over, the band comes onto the field and plays school songs. A 8 important moment is when the Homecoming Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be c 9 .Homecoming is a happy day, but it won t b

22、e perfect u 10 the football team wins the game. Even if the team 111, thestudents still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance, and others go to a party.For everyone it is a day worth remembering.Passage 2根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示,補(bǔ)全空格內(nèi)單詞,使短文完整、通順。Everyone wants to be successful. As a student, you al

23、so want to have success at school, no matter w you re good at studies or not. But its difficult to learn all the lessons well because it requires good ways and habits. If you take right ways of studying,you can m 2 great progress. Here I will offer you some a 3 ,9Firstly, be sure to make up your min

24、d to work h 4 and do well in everything you learn. It is wise of you to do your b 5 in your studies.Secondly, its necessary for you to have a good study habit. While s 6 , make sure to pay attention to it. After you finish your study,don，t forget to find some time for f 7 in order to help you relax

25、as well.Thirdly, you should try to learn every subject well. If you are w 8 in a subject, you need to encourage yourself to do well in it. You should often remind yourself why you need to study.Finally, you had better t 9 notes in class because you cannot remember everything. These notes will be h 1

26、0 for you to review or remember what you have learnt. If you forget some points,you can go over them.If you take all the suggestions, you will certainly develop into a better student in studies.Passage 3J J閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空。有的需 要加助動(dòng)詞或不定式符號(hào)（每詞限用一次）O kill, have, catch, work stayJenney is my f

27、riend. She a cat. The cat is very old. So she cant run quickly and she cant bite, either.One day the old cat saw a mouse. She jumped and 2 the mouse. But she could not bite it, so the mouse jumped out of her mouth and ran away.Jenney became very angry because the mouse couldn，t 3 by the cat. She beg

28、an to hit the cat. Dont hit your old servant, “ the cat said. Dear Jenney, I 4 here for you for many years. Although I am too old, I 5 . You should be friendly to me.”Please remember what good work the old did when they were young.Passage 4根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子。（每空一詞）1. There are two （刀） and three forks on

29、 the desk.2. What （其他的）do you like, Jack?3. In a basketball match, players move （朝向）one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other.4. That company （提供）us with 3, 000 dollars in 2012.5. In China, we shouldnt （指 I可） at anyone with our chopsticks.li6. Talking loudly in a library, a museum,

30、or a movie theater is （不禮貌的）.Passage 5閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通 順、意思完整。請(qǐng)將答案寫在相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上。每空限填一詞，每詞 限用一次。方框中有兩個(gè)詞是多余的。angry, invite, however, with, please, from, visitor, celebrate, taste ,soup,fine, heOne day a visitor came to Nasreddins house. I am your cousin 1 Konya, “ he said. And I have brought

31、 you a duck to 2 the visit. Nasreddin was 3 He asked his wife to cook the duck,and served the visitor a 4 dinner.The next day another visitor arrived. I am the friend of the man who brought you the duck, “ he said. Nasreddin invited him in and gave 5 a good meal. The next day another visitor arrived

32、, and said he was the friend of the friend of the man who had brought the duck. Again Nasreddin invited him in for a meal.6, he was getting a bit angry. 7 seemed to be using his house as a restaurant.Then another visitor came, and said he was the friend of thefriend of the friend of the man who had

33、brought the duck. He was 8 in. Nasreddin, s wife brought some 9 to the table and the visitor tasted it. What kind of soup is this? It 10 just like warm water. ” “Ah! ” said Nasreddin. That is the soup of the soup of the soup of the duck. ” Passage 611 , ill 1 1根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文通順、連 貫。方框中有兩個(gè)詞

34、為多余項(xiàng)。one, fill, quick, write, except, interest, yo, late, come, story, unles s, youngJust look at how much young writers like Han Han and Guo Jingming are loved, we may know writing has become a fashion among todays teenagers.Gao Can, a 13-year-old girl, is the member of the Association of Writers o

35、f Shanxi. She writes fairy tales,short 2, and most of all, poems. Gao said she began poem writing when she was in primary school. Once the teacher asked the class 3 a composition called “If I were. . . ” Gao had an idea, “Why not make it a poem?” That was her 4 poem, and it won a lot of compliments

36、from both her teacher and classmates. So far, hundreds of her poems 5 out.aWriting poems is not difficult at all. Just express 6 what you do, what you see or what you think. Said Gao. I dont have enough life experience, so I write about nature, about things I feel inside.”However, teenagers these da

37、ys seldom write poem or read them because exams want any kind of articles 7 poems.But like Gao, there are still students who like poems. Hu Jingzhi is one of them. The 14-year-old boy said he was 8 in poem writing. But it was annoying that he couldnt find poem collections in nearby bookshops.Gao agr

38、eed with Hu. She said todays bookshops 9 with books on “how to give a successful speech” , uhow to know what others think or “how to make money 10” .a Poems wont teach you how to make money, but the beautiful words clear your mind and activate your imagination. Said Gao. “At least read poemsfor the

39、nice things in life.Passage 7在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空格限一詞,首字 母已給出。At some time in your life, you might have a roommate. It is a good idea to share a flat, especially for students or people who have just finished school, because flats are usually expensive. And m is not the only reason for having a ro

40、ommate. Sharing a flat can be fun.But life with a roommate can also be a t 2 experience. Some experts（專家）did a study of college students who shared a room. They found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other students. So

41、, how can you 1 3 with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice:Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you dont see them very o 4 . So, before you plan to share a room with a friend,discuss the situation carefully.If you

42、 decide to share a room with someone you dont know, talk to each other. Its important to be h 5 about your habits and things you hate.When you move in with a roommate, make rules. Decide how you will share h 6 ,such as cleaning, washing and shopping. Will you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And

43、 what about loud music?Dont get angry at small things that your roommate does. Try to f 7 the unhappy things between you and your roommate. No one一including you一is perfect.Passage 8 2013 Mo Yan, the of 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature, is extremely popular now. He is 2 as one of the greatest writers

44、in China.Mo Yan is fifty seven, and his real name is Guan Moye. The name of Mo Yan 3 Dont Speak” . The writer said he chose the name 4 remember to stop his tongue from getting himself in trouble. Mo Yan began 5 in the 1970s, and his 6 novel was Falling Rain on a Spring Night” , published in 1981. Th

45、en his second and more books were published, including Red Sorghum（紅高粱） and “Big Breasts and Wide Hips” .CCTV reporter Dong Qian once said to him, “I always feel that a writer is 7 a hen, and his works are like eggs. We may not always wonder 8 the hen looks like while we eat eggs. But this time, its

46、 a golden egg. So naturally, everybody becomes curious （好奇的）about this hen who laid a golden egg. That, s why you ve drawn so 9 attention. ”China is celebrating the success of this native son. Minutes 10 the award was announced, millions of Chinese expressed pleasure and pride for Mo Yan in their ow

47、n ways. 參考答案與解析Passage 11. with 2.important 3. graduates4. their 5. sell6. welcome7. remember 8. Another9. chosen 10. unless 11.19losesPassage 21. whether2. make 3. advice 4.hard 5. best 6. studying7. fun8.weak 9.take 10. helpfulPassage1. has2.caught3. be killed 4. have worked 5. will stayPassage1.

48、knives2. else3. towards 4. provided 5. point6. impolitePassage 51. from 2. celebrate 3. pleased 4. fine 5. him 6. However7. Visitors 8. invited 9. soup 10. tastesPassage 61. youngest 2. stories 3. to write 4. first 5. have come 6. yourself/yourselves 7. except 8. interested 9. were filled 10. quickl

49、yPassage 71. money 2. terrible 3. live 4. often 5. honest6. housework 7. forgetPassage 8【主旨大意】本文主要介紹莫言在獲獎(jiǎng)之后，無(wú)數(shù)中國(guó)人對(duì)莫言用自己 的方式表達(dá)滿意和自豪。1. winner 解析：由后面的 uNobel Prize for Literature v 可知是“獲 得者,獲勝者,得主”。故填winnero2. considered/regarded/famous/well-knoTO解 析 ：uconsidered/regarded/famous/we 11-known as（被看作是 ）

50、是固 定搭配。3. means解析：由上下文判斷，此處應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞；“Dont Speak”作賓 語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的意思。故填means。4. to解析:動(dòng)詞之前應(yīng)該用不定式符號(hào)。故填t。5. writing解析：由后面的“novel ”可知是“開(kāi)始寫小說(shuō)“begin doing sth”是固定搭配。故填writing。6. first解析：根據(jù)上文判斷，此處應(yīng)該是他的第一部小說(shuō)。故填 firsto7. like解析:根據(jù)句意判斷，作家不是母雞，但兩者之間有想象關(guān)系因 此填介詞likeo8. what解析：由句子結(jié)構(gòu)和“l(fā)ook like”判斷,這里應(yīng)該用從屬連詞 來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。故填what。9. much解析:attention是不可數(shù)名詞，之前應(yīng)該用much來(lái)修飾。故 填 mucho10. after解析:根據(jù)上文判斷，此處應(yīng)該是在獲獎(jiǎng)之后。故填after。