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1、 密 級 分類號 編 號 成 績 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文) 外 文 翻 譯 原 文 標(biāo) 題 Gears 譯 文 標(biāo) 題 齒輪 作者所在系別 機電工程學(xué)院 作者所在專業(yè) 車輛工程 作者所在班級 B13142 作 者 姓 名 鄧牽 作 者 學(xué) 號 201322364 指導(dǎo)教師姓名 趙秋芳 指導(dǎo)教師職稱 副教授 完 成 時 間 2017 年 3 月 北華航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教務(wù)處制 譯文標(biāo)題 齒輪 原文標(biāo)題 Gears 作 者 Daniel 譯

2、 名 丹尼爾 國 籍 美國 原文出處 Popular Mechanics 摘要：齒輪是機器中的動力元件,用來傳遞軸teele 與軸之間的運動及動力。它們可能僅被用來傳遞運動,即機器的一個部分到另一個部分,或者被用來改變軸與軸之間相對速度和轉(zhuǎn)矩,第一個被發(fā)現(xiàn)用齒輪的機器是鐘表,事實上,鐘表的齒輪與火車上的齒輪相比是非常小的。由于齒輪在實際環(huán)境中的廣泛應(yīng)用,人們在齒輪的應(yīng)用方面進行了許多的研究和調(diào)查?，F(xiàn)在,齒輪傳動比起以前來不得不傳遞很重的載荷,和在高速度下運轉(zhuǎn)。目前工程師和機械師都在考慮存在于機械中的這種因素。 關(guān)鍵詞：齒輪；強度；校核 直齒圓柱齒輪： 直齒圓柱齒輪被

3、作為傳動中的首選有許多原因。它們是最簡單也是最廉價的，并且它們可以被用作傳動平行軸之間的力，還有它的概念同于其它類型的齒輪，以下的幾個定義是非常重要的，因為，它們在設(shè)計任何與齒輪有關(guān)的方面都是非常重要的。 徑節(jié)： ? 節(jié)圓直徑單位距離上的齒數(shù)，徑節(jié)通常是一個整數(shù)。小小的一段齒距包括了許多的齒形。直齒圓柱齒輪嚙合的條件是必須有相同的徑節(jié)，齒輪的傳動比決定 于嚙合齒輪的不同的節(jié)圓和不同數(shù)目的齒數(shù)。 齒距： ? 沿著節(jié)圓從齒上的一點到臨近齒上對應(yīng)相同的另一點的距離，這是一個線尺 寸和線性單位。 節(jié)圓： ? 作為齒輪比率設(shè)定基礎(chǔ)的圓。若要是互相嚙合的齒輪正常運行，則兩節(jié)圓必

4、 須精確相切。 壓力角： ? 運動方向與垂直于兩嚙合齒輪中心線的直線所形成的夾角。對于直齒圓柱齒 輪壓力角為14.5度或20度，因此可以有許多的用途，相嚙合的齒輪必須有相同 的壓力角。對于齒條，齒相對于直邊有與壓力角相同的傾斜角度。 基圓： ? 與運動方向相切（或與壓力角方向相切）的圓?；鶊A是產(chǎn)生漸開線所假想的 圓。許多直齒圓柱齒輪都是漸開線從基圓到齒頂，當(dāng)繃緊繩索從一個圓柱體展開 時，仔細觀察繩索上某點的運動，即可想象出此段漸開線的形狀。在齒輪中，基圓是最主要的圓。 齒頂高： ? 從節(jié)圓到齒頂?shù)膹较蚓嚯x。 齒根高： ? 從節(jié)圓到齒底的徑向距離。 間

5、隙： 齒頂高與齒根高之間的不同。 面寬： 齒在軸向的寬度。 齒腹： ? 節(jié)圓和齒底之間的表面。 斜齒輪： ? 這些齒輪的齒相對于齒輪軸線由一個角度或螺旋角度，它們比直齒圓柱齒輪 的制造更難，造價更昂貴，但是它們傳動無噪音并且可靠。它們可以用來在相同 或不同平面中構(gòu)成一定角度的相兩軸之間的力的傳遞。 人字形齒輪： ? 人字形齒輪是在齒輪兩邊有相同數(shù)量在左旋和右旋形的齒輪。由于齒輪有角 度，齒輪制造時需要考慮軸受到的軸向力，人字形齒輪是用平衡的方法來抵消軸 向推力的，固而允許選用輕系列軸承取代重系列軸承，甚至可以完全取消軸承， 通常在切削加工中在齒輪的周圍有

6、一個中心槽來抵消。 錐齒輪： ? 錐齒輪用作互相不平行的軸之間的連接。 ? 通常軸之間的夾角是90度，但它們比90多或少，相嚙合的兩齒輪僅改變運 動方向，或者為改變速度具有不同的齒數(shù)，齒的表面沿著圓錐的表面，圓頭齒之 間不相互平行，它就使得在機械加工中產(chǎn)生類似的問題及必須要一套夾具。齒輪 的線可能是直的或螺旋的，因此有平直的錐齒和螺旋的錐齒。 蝸桿和蝸輪： ? 蝸桿蝸輪機構(gòu)主要用作有限空間需較小齒輪的體積的情況。通常蝸桿為主動 件并且不能顛倒，也就是說，蝸輪不能作為主動件。許多蝸桿能左右移動，轉(zhuǎn)動為順時針或逆時針。 齒條： ? 齒條是有無

7、窮半徑的齒輪或是邊緣隨著直線擴展的齒輪，它被用來往復(fù)運動 改變?yōu)槁菪\動或反過來，車床齒條和小齒輪是這種機器的最好例子。各種材料被用于制造齒輪。通常被選用的材料取決于齒輪的制造與齒輪將來的實現(xiàn)用途， 齒輪能被鑄，軋或擠壓出來。材料類型包括：鑄鐵碳素鋼，合金鋼，鋁，青銅，尼龍。 附錄： Gears Abstract: Gear is power element in the machine, is used to pass between the shaft and shaft movement and power. They m

8、ay just was used to relay movement, that is one part to another part of the machine, or be used to change the relative speed and torque between shaft and shaft, the first to be discovered with gear machine is horological, in fact, the gear of the clock is very small compared with the gear train. As

9、 the widely used in the gear in the actual environment, people in the aspect of the application of the gear for a lot of research and investigation. now, gear drive than ever to have to pass a heavy load, and under the high speed running. The engineers and mechanics are considering the factors that

10、exist in a mechanical. Keywords: Gear，Strength，check. Super?Gears：?? Spur gears will be considered first for several reasons.In the first?place?,they are?simplest?and?the?least?expensive?of?gears?and?they?may?be?used?to?transmit?power?between?parallel?shaft

11、s,also,spur?gears?definitions?are?usually?applicable?to?other?types?.It?is?important?go?understand?the?following?definitions,since?they?are?important?factors?in?the?design?of?any?equipment?utilizing?gears.?Diametric?Pitch??The?number?of?teeth?per?inch?of?pitch?cirle?diameter?.The?diameter?pitch?is?u

12、sually?an?integer?.A?small?number?for?the?pitch?implies?a?large?tooth?size.Meshing?spur?gears?must?have?the?same?diameter?pitch?.The?speed?ratio?is?based?on?the?fact?that?meshing?gears?may?have?different-sized?pitch?circles?and?hence?different?number?of?teeth.? Circular?Pitch：?? ?The?distance?from

13、?a?point?on?one?tooth?to?the?corresponding?point?on?an?adjacent?tooth?,measrued?along?the?pitch?circle.This?is?a?liner?dimension?and?thus?bas?liner?units.? Pitch?Circle：?? ?The?circle?on?which?the?ratio?of?the?gear?set?is?based,when?two?gears?are?meshing?,the?two?pitch?circles?must?be?exactly?tang

14、ent?if?the?gears?are?to?function?properly.The?tangency?point?is?known?as?the?pitch?point.? Pressure?Angle：?? ?The?angle?between?the?line?of?action?and?a?line?perpendicular?to?the?centerlines?of?the?two?gears?in?mesing?.Pressure?Angles?for?spur?gears?are?usually?14.5?or?20?degrees,although?other?va

15、lues?can?be?used.Meshing?gears?must?have?the?same?pressure?angles.In?the?case?of?a?rack,the?teeth?have?the?straight?sides?inclined?at?an?angle?corresponding?to?the?pressure?angle.? Base?Circle：? A?circle?tangent?to?the?line?of?action?(or?pressure?line?)?.The?base?circle?is?the?imaginary?circle?abo

16、ut?which?an?involutes?cure?is?developed?.Most?spur?gears?follow?an?involutes?cure?from?the?base?circle?to?the?top?of?the?tootch,this?cure?can?be?visualized?by?observing?a?point?on?a?taut?cord?an?it?is?unwound?from?a?cylinder?.In?a?gear?,the?cylinder?is?the?best?circle.? Addendum：? ?The?radial?dist

17、ance?form?the?pitch?circle?to?the?top?of?the?tooth?.? Dedendum：? ?The?radial?distance?from?file?pitch?circle?to?the?root?of?the?tooth.? Clearance：? ?The?difference?between?the?addendum?and?the?addendum.? Face?Width：? ?The?width?of?the?tooth?measured?axially.? Face：?? ?The?surface?between?the

18、?pitch?circle?and?the?top?of?the?tooth.? Flank：?? ?The?surface?between?the?pitch?circle?and?the?bottom?of?the?tooth.? Helical?Gears：?? ?These?gears?have?their?tooth?element?at?an?angle?or?helix?to?the?axis?of?the?gear.The-y?are?more?difficult?and?expensive?to?make?than?spur?gears,but?are?quieter

19、?and?stronger.?They?may?be?used?to?transmit?power?between?parallel?shafts?at?an?angle?to?each?in?the?same?or?different?planes.? Herringbone?Gears：? ?A?herringbone?gear?is?equivalent?to?a?right-hand?and?a?left-hand?helical?gear?placed?side?by?side.Because?of?the?angle?of?the?tooth,helical? gears?c

20、reate?considerable?side?thrust?on?the?shaft.?A?herringbone?gear?corrects?this?thrust?by?neutralizing?it?,allowing?the?use?of?a?small?thrust?bearing?instead?of?a?large?one?and?perhaps?eliminating?one?altogether.Often?a?central?groove?is?made?round?the?gear?for?ease?in?machining.? Bevel?Gears：?? ?Be

21、vel?gears?are?used?to?connect?shafts,?which?are?not?parallel?to?each?other.Usually?the?shafts?are?90?deg.To?each?other,?but?they?may?be?more?or?less?than?90?deg.The?two?meshing?gears?may?have?the?same?number?of?teeth?for?the?purpose?of?changing?direction?of?motion?only,or?they?may?have?a?different?n

22、umber?of?teeth?for?the?purpose?of?changing?both?speed?and?irection?.The?faces?of?the?teeth?lie?on?the?surface?of?the?frustum?of?a?cone,therefore?the?teeth?elements?are?not?parallel?to?each?other?it?can?be?seen?that?this?lack?of?parallelism?creates?a?machining?problem?so?that?two?passes?with?a?tool?m

23、ust?be?made.The?tooth?elements?may?be?straight?or?spiral?,so?that?we?have?plain?anti?spiral?evel?gears.? Worm?and?Worm?Gears： A?worm-and-worm-gear?combination?is?used?chiefly?where?it?is?desired?to?obtain?a?high?gear?reduction?in?a?limited?space,normally?the?worm?drivers?the?worm?gear?and?is?not?r

24、eversible?,that?is?to?say,the?worm?gear?can?not?drive? the?worm.Most?worms?can?be?rotated?in?either?direction,clockwise?or?counterclockwise.?Racks??A?rack?is?a?gear?with?an?infinite?radius,or?a?gear?with?its?perimeter?stretched?out?into?a?straight?line.It?is?used?to?change?reciprocating?motion?to?r

25、otary?motion?or?vice?versa.A?lathe?rack?and?pinion?is?a?good?example?of?this?mechanism.? ?Various?materials?are?used?in?manufacturing?gears? .Usually,the?materials?selected?depends?on?the?method?used?for?making?the?gear?and?the?application?to?which?it?will?be?put.Gears?can?be?cast,cut,or? extrude

26、d.Typical?materials?include?cast?iron,cast?steel,plain?carbon?steel,alloy?steel?aluminum,phosphor? bronze,laminated?phonetics,and?nylon. 6 指 導(dǎo) 教 師 評 語 外文翻譯成績： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指導(dǎo)教師對譯文進行評閱時應(yīng)注意以下幾個方面：①翻譯的外文文獻與畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的參考文獻；②翻譯的外文文獻字數(shù)是否達到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語言是否準確、通順、具有參考價值。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。